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Understanding Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Oct 16, 2024
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Lecture Notes: Differences Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Introduction
Ringworm Misconception
: Not caused by a worm but a fungus.
Treatment Differences
:
Antibiotics for bacteria.
Antifungal for fungal infections.
Cell Differences
: Importance in treatment decisions.
Antibiotics vs. Antifungal
Antibiotics
:
Target bacteria.
Methods: Affect reproduction, damage cell walls, interfere with protein synthesis.
Fungal Cells
:
More similar to animal cells than to bacteria.
Cell Types Overview
Prokaryotic Cells
:
Domains: Bacteria and Archaea.
Characteristics: Single-celled, no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles.
Cell Wall: Typically present.
Simpler structure.
Eukaryotic Cells
:
Domain: Eukarya (includes protists, plants, animals, fungi).
Characteristics: Can be unicellular or multicellular, have a nucleus, have membrane-bound organelles.
Cell Wall: Present in plants and fungi, absent in animal cells.
More complex and larger.
Shared Cell Features
DNA
: Present in both.
Ribosomes
: Protein synthesis.
Cytoplasm
: Jelly-like fluid inside cells.
Cell Membrane
: Controls what enters and exits, maintaining homeostasis.
Key Differences
Nucleus
:
Prokaryotes: No nucleus, DNA is free-floating.
Eukaryotes: DNA contained within a nucleus.
Membrane-bound Organelles
:
Prokaryotes: Absent.
Eukaryotes: Present, e.g., mitochondria, chloroplasts (in plants), endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus.
Importance of Understanding Cell Types
Biological Diversity
:
Understanding prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic helps grasp diversity among living organisms.
Practical Application
:
Identifying cell type aids in determining treatment (e.g., bacterial vs. fungal infections).
Conclusion
"Stay curious" reminder from the Amoeba Sisters.
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