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What type of variable is 'favorite colors' and what measure should be used for its central tendency?
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Categorical, nominal; use Mode.
When is the median preferable over the mean for interval or ratio data?
When the data is skewed.
How is the mean calculated?
The mean is calculated by summing all the scores and dividing by the number of scores.
Which measure of central tendency is appropriate for ordinal data?
Median
What is the main characteristic of a normal distribution regarding the measures of central tendency?
In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are identical.
Provide an example of a ratio variable from the given notes.
Income
What is the difference between interval and ratio variables?
Interval variables have meaningful differences between measurements but no true zero point, whereas ratio variables have both meaningful differences and a true zero.
Describe the mode and provide an example.
The mode is the most frequently occurring category. Example: For scores (2, 3, 7, 7, 8), Mode = 7.
Explain the term 'frequency distribution'.
A frequency distribution is a way to organize individual scores to show how often each score occurs.
Which measures of central tendency are affected by skewed distributions, and how?
The mean is affected by skewed distributions as it is pulled towards the tail, whereas the median and mode are less affected.
In a positively skewed distribution, which direction is the mean pulled towards?
Towards the larger numbers (right side).
How do you determine if a distribution is negatively skewed?
If the mean is less than the median.
What measure of central tendency should be used for nominal variables?
Mode
What measure(s) are reported for normally distributed interval/ratio data?
Mean
What is the definition of a median?
The median is the middle number in a sorted list; for even number of scores, it is the mean of the two middle numbers.
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