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What are growth cones?
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Structures that help neurons find the correct connections during the process of neuroplasticity.
What strategies can be used to improve attention based on Anna Kalynchuk's lecture?
Using phones less, focused attention meditation, and regular exercise.
Describe the spacing technique in the context of repetition.
The spacing technique involves spreading out learning over different days to strengthen neural pathways and enhance memory retention.
How can modern challenges like social media impact attention?
Frequent context switching due to social media causes measurable attention deficits, making it harder to retain information long-term.
Why is making mistakes considered beneficial for learning?
Mistakes release neuromodulators that increase attention and help individuals learn better through increased focus and correction.
How does exercise relate to attention and memory?
Exercise increases the size of the brain area involved in learning and memory, helps make new brain cells, and improves memory and cognition.
What is neuroplasticity?
The brain’s ability to physically change in response to experience, involving the formation of synapses between neurons.
Why is sleep important before and after learning?
Sleep is essential for being alert before learning and for converting short-term memories into long-term memories afterward.
What happens during the brain's 'replay' when taking breaks?
The brain consolidates information, enhancing memory and learning, while preventing retrograde interference.
What is retrograde interference and how can breaks help prevent it?
Retrograde interference is the disruption of recently learned material by new information. Breaks allow the brain to consolidate information, preventing this interference.
What role do ultradian rhythms play in alertness?
Ultradian rhythms involve peaks of alertness every 90 minutes, which can be optimized for effective learning sessions.
What are some methods to increase alertness for effective learning?
Exercise, breathing techniques like the Wim Hof method, cold water exposure, small stressors, and caffeine.
Why should all-nighters be avoided for long-term memory retention?
All-nighters are ineffective for long-term memory retention as they lack the necessary sleep for memory consolidation.
How does caffeine influence learning and memory?
Caffeine enhances learning and memory by increasing alertness and cognitive function.
What is one-trial learning and when is it particularly effective?
One-trial learning is where strong emotional experiences enhance memory retention significantly after just one exposure.
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