Overview
This lecture explains the theory of reconstructive memory, emphasizing its inaccuracy, the role of cultural influences, and the concept of effort after meaning.
Reconstructive Memory Theory
- Psychologists once thought memory was an accurate reproduction, but Bartlett argued that memory involves reconstruction from fragments.
- Memories are not stored or recalled perfectly; we build them from stored fragments, sometimes missing elements.
- Every recall combines pieces differently, leading to changes and inaccuracies in the remembered story.
Social and Cultural Influences
- Social and cultural expectations shape how we reconstruct memories.
- Bartlett's "War of the Ghosts" study showed people altered unfamiliar story elements (e.g., hunting seals became fishing) to fit their culture.
Effort After Meaning
- We tend to remember the general meaning of events rather than specific details.
- "Effort after meaning" refers to focusing on overall meaning, then reinterpreting details to make sense based on personal or cultural context.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Reconstructive Memory — The theory that recall involves rebuilding memories from fragments, not perfect reproduction.
- Effort After Meaning — The tendency to remember the general meaning of an event and reinterpret details to fit familiar concepts.
- War of the Ghosts Study — Bartlett’s experiment illustrating cultural influences on memory reconstruction.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the concept of reconstructive memory and effort after meaning for your specification.
- Prepare examples of cultural influence on memory, such as from the "War of the Ghosts" study.