Python Basics Lecture Notes

Introduction to Python

• Python is the easiest programming language to learn.
• It is currently the most popular programming language.
• According to Glassdoor, new Python developers earn an average salary of $64,000.

Getting Started with Python

1. Download Python:

   • Visit python.org/downloads.
   • Click the yellow "Download Python" button.
   • Open the downloaded file and check "Add Python 3.9 to PATH".
   • Follow the installation prompts.

2. Download an IDE:

   • Recommended IDE: PyCharm.
   • Choose the free Community version.
   • Follow standard installation procedures.

3. Creating a New Project:

   • Once in PyCharm, create a new project.
   • Name it (e.g., "Hello World").
   • Create a new Python file ("main.py").
   • Write your first Python script:

     print("I love pizza")
     

Working with Variables

• Variables can store different types of data:
  • Strings: name = "Bro"
  • Integers: age = 21
  • Floats: height = 250.5
  • Booleans: is_human = True

Creating and Utilizing Variables

• Check the type of a variable using the type() function.
• Combine strings using + operator.

Data Types

1. Strings: Series of characters.
2. Integers: Whole numbers.
3. Floats: Numbers with decimals.
4. Booleans: True or False values.
   • Useful in if statements.

Multiple Assignment

• Assign multiple variables in one line:

  name, age, attractive = "Bro", 21, True
  

Useful String Methods

• len(): Get the length of a string.
• find(): Find the first index of a character.
• capitalize(): Capitalizes the first character.
• upper(): Converts to uppercase.
• lower(): Converts to lowercase.
• replace(): Replace a character in a string.

Type Casting

• Convert data types using int(), float(), str() functions.

Accepting User Input

• Use the input() function to accept user input:

  name = input("What is your name?")
  

Using If Statements

• Basic structure:

  if condition:
      # do something
  else:
      # do something else
  

Logical Operators

• and, or, not used to combine conditions.

While Loops

• Execute a block of code as long as a condition is true:

  while condition:
      # do something
  

For Loops

• Iterate over a sequence:

  for item in sequence:
      # do something
  

Creating Classes and Objects

• Define classes using class keyword:

  class MyClass:
      def __init__(self):
          # constructor
  

Inheritance

• Child classes inherit from parent classes.

Abstract Classes

• Prevent users from creating instances of a class.

Multi-threading

• Run multiple threads concurrently.

Multi-processing

• Run multiple processes in parallel.

Tkinter GUI Programming

1. Creating Windows:
   • Use tkinter module to create GUI applications.
2. Creating Widgets:
   • Buttons, Labels, Entry boxes, Check buttons, etc.
3. Event Handling:
   • Bind events to functions.

Conclusion

• Python provides a wide variety of features for both programming and GUI development.
• Each concept builds upon each other to enhance the user experience with flexibility and efficiency.

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Note: This summary is based on the provided lecture transcript and is structured into sections for easier understanding and review.