okay so first question is what are architectural drawing conventions what do we think about what are architectural drawing conventions i'm going to be mean stuart because he's sitting right in my peripheral water architectural drawing conventions projections perfect line thicknesses hatching projection types what else these are all correct answers there's many correct answers what else have we got architecture drawing conventions who doesn't know what architecture drawing conventions are okay are few nervous people all right architecture drawing conventions the answer is in every single week i'm going to talk about this all the time it's the language of architects it's the language that we use to communicate this that we looked at last week is a beautiful example of architectural drawing conventions that are also really artistic and poetic as is this this is also the language of architects there are architectural drawing conventions here this is also the language of architects down the line this is what you'll spend more time doing than the earlier drawings because this is what you'll be handing over to the builders this is also architectural drawing conventions right so architecture drawing conventions is about knowing what the lines in the page represent in real life it's about knowing the lines of the page represent in real life so if you see a set of lines on the sheet in your planner in your section you need to be able to understand what those lines will actually be once they're built once the builder starts building those lines that are on the page what are they going to be in real life it's about knowing what lines everybody uses that's the key word the objective word there to represent certain objects and how big those objects usually are so we have universal standards in architecture and this forms part of the architecture drawing conventions we're going to go through a few of them today as well so you need to know that and it's about communicating in a shared language so that other architects builders consultants trades clients and so on can understand our ideas critical in order to communicate properly we have to learn the vocabulary of architecture drawing so here we go what do these lines mean we'll start easy and we'll get harder what's this a bed yay good what's next to the bed bedside tables excellent work how big is a queen-size bed who knows anyone want to guess yeah solomon go yes estimate give it a go how long is it queen size bed you're pretty well on the money with the two and a bit 2030 millimeters is the length of our queen size bed and 1500 watts so you can think when you're drawing you're drawing and you're putting your rectangle on the sheet it's 2 meters by 1.5 meters that is our queen size bed size typically this is what we put into all of our floor plans to make the bedrooms look a little bit bigger rather than using a king size bed all right what's this a door what type of door it's a swinging door yes is it internal external what makes it internal no thickness on the door it doesn't have leaf okay how wide is our typical opening for inside the door 900 mils we're getting that okay what's this someone had it over here closet how do we know it's a closet yes coat hangers these little squiggly bits for those who didn't see that are your coat hangers running along the line there excellent work how deep is a closet usually what's the depth of a cupboard a wardrobe shut it out 600 mil bang on the money okay what do we see here lots of things to shout them out yeah what's in the bathroom bathtub toilet shelf basin window thank you what's this shower how do we announce a shower excellent you're answering the next question shout it out what is that line it's sloping down to the ground so for those who didn't know this little v-shape is indicating the direction of the screed which is lower than the line of the bathroom floor so that the water can travel down so it tells us this is the highest point this is level with the bathroom floor then we're going down to this point here and that's going to be somewhere where the waste is where the floor and the water go down into there all right so that is our bathroom how big is the shower usually yep that's the minimum we'll typically go somewhere close to 950 950 or a meter by meter but yes 900 by 900 is a minimum all right how much room do we need around our toilet how much room do we need around the toilet anyone know that one anyone want to guess either side when he's sitting down this is going to be very visual we're sitting down either side of you how much room do we need three andrews who said that 300 300 from my center point this way or 300 aside from me side of me yeah probably somewhere around that actually so typically we measure it like this so from the center point of the toilet we've got a meter this way that means i'm going to sit inside something like a meter that way and then in front of the tip of the toilet i need another meter going this way so from the edge of the toilet to anything that's going to be in front so that's a door swing that's a sink basin wall anything like that we've got a meter clearance there so that gives us if we think about it we've got a one meter square in front because you bring this one meter that's up here bring that down to there that leaves us a one meter square of circulation that's in front of our toilet really really important stuff okay what's this line the one that's pointing at no not the window the wall yep why do we notice the wall this is the thickest line yep what's this line no not the frame yeah so what do we call the part of the wall where it's low down this hill it's the window sill what about this line here what do we call this one right frame yep good this one a little square still thick it is winter frame special word for malian malian and what's about this line in the middle it's the pane of glass well done you guys are nailing it what makes this window different to the other window it's like man you guys are way too good what do we see here stairs groovy what does this arrow tell us going out so whenever we're drawing a set of stairs we always must have an arrow that indicates the direction of travel upwards this is particularly relevant we've got a double leg stare or a stair going up multiple levels we've got two sets of stairs one's going down to the level below one's going up to the level above so we're going to have two different direction facing arrows right and that way we're always going to know the arrow pointing in that direction is going upwards arrow pointing in that direction is going downwards why are these lines dashed sorry not quite on the upper floor but you're close who else sorry i didn't see who answered they're being hidden but they're being hidden for a technical reason so remember when we're cutting a four plan we're making a literal cut through the building at about 100 above ground level so at this point here roughly about here 1100 1200 let's call it everything beyond that we're no longer seeing because it's going above the cut so technically you're right it's the floor above but it's above the cut is what we're seeing so we need to show that we know that stairs is still going through here we don't just have six steps in the house keeps going above but it's above the cut line so we have to indicate that through having dashed lines above the line of our car so typically we'd have the steps going up about 1200 worth of steps 1100 1200 and then the next line beyond that we start doing those lines as dashed lines what do these thick lines tell us who wants to have a guess where am i looking yep the walls that have been cut so what does that mean what's going on here you're on it you're on it so what this means is that and this happens a lot we've got some form of storage or some form of access underneath the stairs so remember at this point here where we're cutting through this is coming to 1200 so we can come in from the underside of the stairs that way and get in behind there we might put a cupboard we might put some form of storage maybe a walk-in robe maybe we might put the services in there we might put a toilet in there if it gets bigger and further away so that walling underneath the stairs here tells us that there's something going on because remember this everything on this side of the cart is below the 1200 so if we did have a room underneath the stairs we'd need to be able to see that on this ground floor level all right what do we see here lots of stuff kitchen what's in the kitchen stovetop sink seat oven fridge space yep dining table yeah we've got a corner of dining table pantry yep swinging doors yes very good you answered my next question excellent work whatever that was with the swinging doors so these arcs for those of you who didn't get that are representing the fact that these doors both open and close inwards and outwards what do these dash lines mean yes someone remember from before this is actually that same set of stairs i've just reversed it so on this side we're walking up the stairs but if we look at the next plan those stairs are actually coming above and that forms part of the pantry so we can count it out here so we remember we had this step was at 200 400 600 1 meter 1.2 1.4 so when we get to this point here we're now at 1.6 1.82 meters 2.2 so this is now above head space out here we're above 2100 the minimum so now these stairs can travel overhead and we can use this as a thoroughfare to get out to the garage and then we can use this space here that is below 2100 as more cupboard space or a storage space for a small fridge or something like that does everybody understand that we're using the space that's underneath the staircase but we still need to indicate stairs are there through the dashed lines all right what does this square with a crossover represent yes and in this particular case what's most likely to be close dishwasher excellent there's another one in the laundry what's that washing machine excellent work so we're exactly right something that's underneath the bench top so it wouldn't be seen on top of the bench top because remember our bench tops are at 900 right we're cutting at 1100 or 1200 we're not going to cut through the washing machine or dishwasher we still need to indicate it's there so the builder knows to leave cavity for it so if you ever see a square like that with a cross through it we know it's something that's not visible at the top line it's hidden there but it's some form of service so if we're in a kitchen we can assume it's a dishwasher if we're in a laundry we can assume it's a washing machine if we're in a big commercial building might be a lift core something like that all right back to the kitchen what does this dashed line mean overhead cupboards excellent work so dashed line in this particular case means that something is overhead right similar to the stairs above these ones being above our line of our car this one is above the line of the cut as well and so we can't see them there so if you imagine we've got our kitchen bench top like this and then we've got overhead cupboards up here that line is just indicating those overhead cupboards what about this dashed line outside i can't see it where where could we hand it yeah what did you say the roof what about the roof you're so close you're right there sorry if it's over what do we call it overhead and overhang same thing that's fine so we're talking about the overhead typically it'd be an overhead roofline but in this particular case it's just showing the floor level above because it's a multi-storey building this one so we do the same thing if it's just the whatever is above if it's a roof above we shot dashed if it's floor above we show it dashed anything to indicate the line right so we have that dash line there which is a hint for this next one what's this go for it yeah it's over headlines it's the eaves of the patio outside the house it's another overhead line what do we see here lots of stuff yep trees grass fence stepping stones sorry windows yep what are these circles tree tree what excellent man extra points today what about this smaller one tree trunk okay so we have a difference here we show this big outer line for the canopy of our tree this is the extent of the tree so however big the outer perimeter of the tree is we represent as one line then on the inside of that we show the tree trunk so we must always have those two elements together now they don't have to be centered in fact it often looks better in the drawing if you're more accurate and the tree trunk is off-centered to the canopy because in real life we don't have a perfectly circular tree that is the exact circumference radius of the outside of our trunk right so play around with it and you'll see all sorts of different types of trees out there as well this is the most simplified version there are other ones there too and we talk about that in the video so someone already said this what does this texture represent grass okay so why don't we use the grass texture why do we use this instead anyone know okay that's the sneaky one so the grass texture in autocad is actually representing the section through the grass not the actual grass itself so this time we're looking down on the grass we're not cutting through the grass so we have to be representative of the grass so we can't confuse our different hatch types in autocad if it's cut through then it must be cut through because it's representing something in real life remember so this time we have to be indicative and representative one of my all-time favorite hatches in autocad because it can represent a million different things this one's just called sand autocad sand and if you have the pixels really close together it looks like grass if you have them far apart it starts to look like the aggregate in concrete you can play around with that why is this line important dooley why is this line important anyone want to guess it is the paving outside the house why would that be important it seems obvious but it's because there's a material change so we always need to indicate where there's a material change in our architectural drawings even if it's indicative like this it wouldn't be perfectly accurate in real life they'd have to mess around because it's grass it's an organic thing but we always need to indicate where the material changes and this will be something that a lot of you'll get in comments and your drawings you'll hear from your tutors that you're not showing a line in the door space between the bathroom and between the main hallway and you would always have that because there'd be probably tiles inside the bathroom and a different floor material inside the main hallway so we always always have a line representing a change of material why are these lines thicker than others on the sheet because they're cut through yeah so these ones are cut through in section so when we talk about that 1100 1200 cut line that we've cut through the whole house these are everything that's being cut by that line going through and everything below that is not shown as cut why is this one so particularly thick why is that important it's another really obvious one it shows where the ground is right so the ground is our starting point before we build the house in a lot of cases there's nothing there so the ground is the only thing we can actually build off and from so the ground needs to be really meticulously drawn super accurate which is why we usually get a surveyor to build a survey a ground survey before we go in so that we know that our ground line is going to be perfect really important why do we put grey inside the thicknesses of our walls and inside of our slabs in a drawing like this in section why would we put gray in there yes and yes to know they're not hollow yeah that's correct typically they're putting a whole bunch of structure in there once we get into design development drawings and working drawings but in this case we're looking at a schematic drawing which is what we're doing this semester so in this particular instance the reason we put it in there is to better highlight the difference between interior and exterior so sometimes in a drawing like this if we were to just use the heavy thick lines of white on the inside we'd start to lose appreciation for what is inside and what is outside so you need to be able to judge and gauge whether or not you need to add dark grey inside of your field inside of your cuts why do we have this big black mass here in our sections what is it it's ground right so this is the earth beneath our section so we need to have that so we need to know where we're laying our thing down on why do we thicken the ends of the floor here not quite yes yeah so because this is exactly what happens in real life so we don't just lay a flat slab we actually thicken the edge of the slab just like this before it sits down onto the footing and so we indicate this as the extents of our slab by adding thickness to the edges of our slab so there would be in working drawings we'd actually have the engineer with detail and we'd have another rectangle sitting underneath this thickening and that would be the footing but for the purpose of schematic drawing like this it's really just showing us the extents of the slab that we understand the construction type putting this together if this was a stump and beam floor then it wouldn't look like that it would be simply a rectangle so to articulate the fact that we're using concrete here we're thickening out this lab ends what are these a's and b's section cuts right so so many times we see people google section marker or elevation marker and they take the ones off of there and a big heavy circle with an arrow and the lines through it everything don't need it this is all we need so we've got the bb going from top to bottom there a a from left to right the letter is the direction of the cut and the line that we have here so we've got one here going through all the way to the other side that is the actual card itself that's all we need what does this circle represent which way is north on this page down the page perfect all right that is your basics covered already okay really really super easy hopefully a lot of you found that that was actually kind of intuitive the most important lesson to take away from today is how to actually figure it out for yourself so the first thing you want to think about is where are we are we in the laundry we're in the bathroom we're in the bedroom in the kitchen are we outside what are we doing if you first know where you are then you can kind of estimate and figure out what it is that you're looking at and that is because we're using a common language one that is highly highly intuitive does that make sense so to start when we're talking about the fact that it has to be a language that we all understand architects builders clients trades consultants counsellors everyone understands it is inherently intuitive so if you can first think of the type of room that you're in you should be able to figure out what it is that you're looking at and that means that every one of you should be able to figure out exactly what you're looking at as you study your case study and as you build your drawing set everybody good with that good okay so things to take away from today thick solid lines are cut structure or ground medium solid lines are below or behind the cut light solid lines are further away from the cut or lighter materials everyone know what you mean by solid what's a solid line yeah a line that isn't dashed that's all it means it's a solid line dashed lines are above you so anything that's above is dashed we have slightly longer and thicker dashed lines for what slightly longer and thicker dashed lines what do we use those for we showed two of them today one was in the kitchen one was in the laundry you got it it's that washing machine and the dishwasher the thing that was hidden right so the hidden line slightly longer slightly thicker and you see that in autocad as you load in your line types there'll be one called dash another one called hidden grade outlines are not critical to architecture but they build information so they're important to the drawing they're important to bringing context and awareness of what it is that we're looking at and that's it