hello and welcome to all you need notes for edexcel igcse history and this time looking at the cold war topic superpower relations 1943-72 and to begin with reasons for the cold war in this series of videos i'll be looking at everything on the specification for the cold war part of edxli gcse history and looking at two effects of everything on there in order to help you answer the b question but also if you remember this information it will help you answer the c question and even the a question too so beginning with long term rivalry and the ideological differences so one effect of this was that the relationships in the grand alliance became strained so the us and the uk delayed opening the second front in the second world war so that was the front from the west attacking germany they delayed that until 1944. stalin thought that they were allowing the nazis to continue fighting the soviets in order to weaken the soviet union and so then obviously it'd be easier for for the us and the uk to destroy the soviets afterwards so he was scared that they were trying to to weaken him but the us and the uk were also scared they thought stalin wanted to spread communism across the entirety of eastern europe um and to put an end to democracy in western europe they'd seen that the uh the russian revolution of 1917 there had been immense torture brutality rich people have collapsed their money been taken away and the u.s and uk butcher which were capitalist countries were very very scared of this so they did fear what stalin's influence might do across europe a second effect was the eastern european countries were vulnerable to communism so eastern european countries had been damaged by the nazis invading bombing [Music] just shelling and a weariness of war so the citizens were poor there were very bad sanitation lots and lots of disease they wanted change they wanted recovery they wanted a better life churchill and roosevelt said churchill the prime minister of britain and roosevelt the american president they thought that stalin would try and force communism upon these eastern european countries stalin on the other hand he really feared the west and what the us and uk might do to him he was scared that they might attack him and so he wanted a buffer zone in order to protect himself against attack so a bunch of countries by the soviet union in order to give him a bit of protection the next thing then so we look at three conferences as part of the specification the first one is the tehran conference in november 1943 so the second world war is still ongoing and the grand lines are discussing what might happen after so the first effect of this was that stalin was allowed a sphere of influence in eastern europe so the soviets were allowed to keep the land that it had taken from poland so the soviets were coming in from the east going into germany and advancing and the us and uk allowed them to keep the land they they had invaded from poland in order to create a buffer zone against the west so again this idea of stalin is very very scared he didn't want any possible attacks he wanted a buffer zone um and a sphere of influence so that he could install communist governments there and so as a result they allowed poland to take some money uh to take some land from germany so that poland itself moved to the west um and this was a huge allowance from the us and the uk because the west obviously feared communism they'd be capitalist they didn't like the ideas that stalin had they didn't want his influence and his ideology to just spread across europe so it was a big allowance but stalin had his troops on the ground he had control of that area anyway what could they do and so what stalin did though was to put in many puppet communist governments um so governments in these in these eastern european countries who agreed with him who would do what he told them to do and so his influence spread the second effect of the conference was that the us and the uk agreed to open up a second front in 1944 so we looked a bit at this so stalin was scared that the u.s and the uk were allowing the nazis to weaken the soviet union by because the nazis were only attacking the soviets really um in terms of the the army's fighting um and so if the soviets were weakened by perpetual nazi attack they could be defeated very very easily afterwards and someone was scared that this was what the us and the uk were planning and so churchill and roosevelt agreed to open um a front on germany from the west in france and this would obviously end the war much much quicker because germany would have now had to fight on both sides and so it led to their eventual defeat on the 7th of may 1945. stalin agreed in turn because they allowed uh because the us and uk agreed to open up the second front he agreed that the soviets would declare war on japan after germany was defeated the us was at japan this would just help to help america the next conference is the yalta conference which happened on february 1945. by this time the war was still ongoing but it looked very very clear that germany was going to be defeated within the next few months and so they were preparing for what might happen after so the first effect was that there was a declaration on liberated europe so stalin agreed to hold democratic elections in the eastern european countries that he had occupied he was communist communism isn't democratic and so this was a big concession for him he was allowing these countries to decide how they wanted to be ruled they could be ruled by communists they could choose not to as well and this obviously was a threat to to his influence over these these countries um but the u.s and uk allowed starting to maintain a sphere of influence over the countries that had voted for a communist government um but in reality stalin only paid lip service to this idea we'll see more of this in it in the next few slides so as an example in poland there were two governments after at this point you have the loveling poles who were communists they were set up by stalin and they were his puppet government there they followed what he said but there were also the london polls so this was the pre-war government who had fled to london when hitler invaded poland um they came together and they they governed together but after a few months the london polls began to disappear they were taken away they were killed stalin was what was not allowing that uh coexistence between communists and non-communists he was he he was having his own way in these countries and not allowing these free and fair elections and in other countries as well he was influencing the elections he was skewing the results intimidating voters so he did only pay lip service the idea it didn't really happen in reality a second effect was that all sides agreed to split up germany so germany after the war was uh was split up into four zones of occupation there was the british zone the american zone the french zone and the soviet zone this was initially meant to be temporary they want to discuss it a bit more after the war see what permanent solutions they could find but tensions began to increase and they never got round to it and this eventually led and we'll see this in the next few videos it led to east germany and west germany being formed the un was also created at this time and this meant that future war could be avoided that they could talk about the future of germany as well um and the future of europe in a safe space the final conference then is the potsdam conference which happened in july and august of 1945. so by this time the war's over and relations are starting to deteriorate between the two sides so the first effect was that there was a compromise on reparations so we saw germany was split into four zones of occupation they agreed on that berlin which was originally in the soviet zone because it was such an important capital was so symbolic they all wanted a share of that so they agreed to split up berlin as well so berlin also had four different zones and the two sides differed on their opinion of what should happen to germany so the us and the uk didn't want germany to be too weak they wanted to punish germany but they didn't want her to be too weak so that she might be susceptible to communism because obviously they didn't want communism to spread but stalin absolutely hated the enemy and he wanted to crush germany so they could never rise again and and declare war and so wanted to take a lot of money from them reparations obviously is the money paid up for the war uh and so they came to a compromise on it they couldn't agree on a set amount and they said that each side could take however however much reparations they wanted from their own zone so the soviets took a lot compared to the us and the uk and france a second effect was that there was disagreement over eastern europe so roosevelt has gone now and instead we have president truman freeman is very very anti-communist as we'll see in the next few slides and he wasn't as satisfied as roosevelt was that stalin would would do what was right in east europe he really feared communism spreading he didn't want stalin's influence to grow [Music] and sir and and truman well he revealed that he had atomic bombs nuclear weapons to stalin um at the conference and this led to to further deterioration of relations between the sides stalin wanted a buffer zone now to really protect himself he was a bit scared of what america was now capable of um and this led to a split in relations and eventually what churchill deemed the iron curtain across europe one side in the west was capitalist and in the east it was communist and there was a split in europe the next part then is the soviet union expanding into eastern europe so the first effect of this was that it broke the declaration on liberated europe stalin as we saw agreed at the altar to allow eastern european countries to have democratic elections but i've just copied and posted this this didn't happen with lublin polls and london polls the london polls began to disappear and stalin was spreading his influence using malign tactics across europe and the us and the uk really fitted stalin spreading communism his greater influence across europe perhaps trying to take on democracy itself um and perhaps spreading communism into west europe as well they were very very scared of that because communism could spread very very very quickly and it would destroy the countries that they that they lived in second effect was that tensions began to increase so truman he was very very fearful of stalin he was very fearful of communism um and there were disagreements between the two they were much more opposed than sullen roosevelt had been truman didn't give stalin any benefit to the doubt and so he saw trump revealed that he had atomic bombs at potsdam and malaysians just were just worsened and this this was a root cause of the disagreements of potsdam they hadn't agreed on the reparations in germany they'd fallen out about eastern europe truman really did not trust stalin at all final one then the attitudes of truman and stalin and this is just rather than a two effects thing a little look at it for perhaps question c or question a so in 1946 truman received what was called the long telegram um it said that communism fed off weak countries like parasites on diseased flesh ia communism would spread very very quickly and it said that stalin wanted to spread his communism across the globe um and and was very very anti-capitalist and truman himself was very anti-communist he feared stalin's growing influence he didn't like the potential of communism to spread into america um and so he he tried to make himself seem more powerful um he wanted to make stalin fear him and so we mentioned the fact that he had atomic bombs and in august so not long after the potsdam conference he did bomb hiroshima and nagasaki in japan on the other side stalin received the novikov telegram in the same year and this said saw the opposite thing that the us wanted to spread democracy wanted to spread to spread capitalism across the world and obviously these ideas go against communism and so stalin feared what truman might be doing so the two sides were completely opposed and this obviously led to increased tensions and really the cold war itself and there's a nice picture of the leaders sitting together at potsdam so thank you for watching uh this first video in the all you need notes for edexcel igcse history on the superpower relations 1943-72 topic or the cold war as it's easier to call it and on this first section reasons for the cold war i hope you enjoyed i'm going to be continuing with this series of videos on the cold war so please like and subscribe if you enjoy them thank you very much for watching bye you