Motherboard Components and Communication

Key Components

• CPU
• Memory
• Storage
• Expansion Slots

Communication Pathways

• Components on the motherboard need to communicate via a "bus."
• Bus: Series of communication paths.
• Communication traces are visible on the motherboard, especially older models.

Expansion Cards

• Additional functionality can be added via expansion cards.
• These cards need pathways to communicate with CPU and memory.

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)

Overview

• Standard since 1994.
• Uses parallel communication.
• Bus Sizes: 32-bit and 64-bit.
  • 32-bit: Smaller, legacy devices.
  • 64-bit: Larger, able to transfer more data simultaneously.

Physical Characteristics

• Different physical sizes between 32-bit and 64-bit cards.
• Voltage: Supports 3.3V or 5V.
• Slots on the card to indicate voltage capability.
• Keys on cards ensure correct installation.

PCI Express (PCIe)

Key Differences from PCI

• Uses serial communication instead of parallel.
• Referred to as PCIe ("e" in lowercase).
• Lanes: Each lane is a communication path.
  • More lanes = more data transferred.
  • Referred to as x1, x2, x4, x8, x16, x32.

Installation

• PCIe cards have a hook to lock into the slot.
• Ensure the card is lined up properly before installation.
• Different number of contacts in PCIe vs. PCI.

Slot Characteristics

• Motherboards can support both PCI and PCIe.
• Visual difference in slots' size and shape.
• Ensure alignment for proper installation.

Installation Tips

• Place the hook into the slot first.
• Carefully push the card down.
• If misaligned, remove and realign.
• Secure with a screw connection in the case.

This summary provides an overview of motherboard components, focusing on communication paths between them and the differences between PCI and PCIe slots and cards.