hello learners hope you are well today we'll be looking at the river profiles another section in geomorphology okay now let's look at what we need to cover okay we have to cover over profiles with regards to the definitions get on my highlighter the definitions the descriptions relating to the profiles okay and associated characteristics alright we'll also have to look at the cross profile and that's your chrome transverse you're on the tuna profile and the relationship between the profiles regarding the different causes that needs upper middle and lower costs so let's go to the information now all right and this is a longitudinal profile and what we can clearly see it is the side view of the profile okay and we see here it's the steep at the top and gentle at the bottom which makes it a concave slope upon cave shape rather and of course we got the upper course the middle course and the lower course of the river which is right at the sea okay so in other words along the tube no profile is the side view of a river showing the path from the source to the mouth we also know it has a concave shape and it's steep at the source and gentle at the mouth okay now the next thing we're going to look at here is your cross also known as your transverse profile now if you look at this shape you can clearly see and I'm sorry I'm gonna go to that shape again that it shows you from riverbank to riverbank that is your cross or transverse profile what we also can see is the height and the width is clearly shown in your cross profile and if we have water in here we could see the level of the water how deep or how much it is with regarding to the level itself okay so this Cove our summary it shows us the cross view of a river from bank to bank okay we can also view the worth the height and the level of the water if this water in the area okay now next thing we're gonna look at is two concepts graded and ungraded profile now if we look at the graded profile we notice that it is a smooth concave shape profile steep at the top and gentle at the bottom the main word it is smooth meaning it has no obstructions like pretty basic levels like your legs and Rapids midpoints you understand it's temporary it's gonna be rolling soon nothing of that sort so it is smooth then we come to an ungraded profile an ungraded profile does have those irregularities or obstructions or temporary base levels can we see the rocks chatting out here which probably will create a waterfall yeah there's a lake so it's not smooth it wants to be smooth all right when we do rubber grading in one of our lessons we talk about that where it actually wants to have a smooth profile but this is your ungraded profile okay now let's do our little summary on this okay a graded profile smooth concave steep at the sauce gentle at the mouth has no obstructions or unique points ungraded profile has irregularities or we can say obstructions or temporary base levels and it is not smooth okay have we got that now let's look at the relationship I'm gonna show you two sources on this now we know already that when we look at this number one we will see that in the different courses our River cross profile changes each time okay in the upper course you will notice it is narrower and relatively deep according to the narrowness okay and in this set or in the middle cause it gets wider and of course in the lower course it's white very white okay and what do we look at here is that in the upper course it's dominated by vertical erosion in the middle course it's dominated by lateral erosion and in this lower course is dominated by deposition material getting deposited therefore it becomes wide open before it reaches the sea okay I'm gonna show you another source here and the same thing can you see it up of course in fact the valley is more shape like this then in the other diagram I gave you still got a bit of a V shape but it's wider up of course vertical erosion alright middle cause vertical decreases and lateral erosion takes place therefore gets wider alright and in the last or lower course the position is more than erosion making it white okay so there's a relationship between the longitudinal and the cross profile so to summarize we know that the transverse profile changes as we go through the course of the rubber in the upper course we'll notice that it is quite narrow and comparatively deep based on the narrowness so vertical erosion dominates in the middle course it's a wider channel alright which is deeper than the one in the upper reaches Waterfalls faster it has materials to slow it down sometimes not so significant but it throws it down and then we notice that lateral erosion dominates okay and in the lower course the channel is very wide and in some places it's actually quite deep where the water flows fittest okay so in certain areas don't take your chance and thing in the lower cost you can jump in with the water flows fast in certain areas it's relatively deep but it's smooth sided okay and deposition dominates okay so those are your main things that I've highlighted here all right then just to show you an overall view right your upper course your Moodle course and your lower course I know you've got the features before this section and you can see where features for me the upper course rapids waterfalls in the middle course starts to meander and in the lower cost you have these huge meanders you have oxalates you have Garrity's this deposited material from your sand islands and if these sand islands were along the course of the river down yeah you would also have braided streams you also have the floodplain in this area okay so I hope it makes a little sense of differentiating between your cross profile and your own achieve no profile tip were learners all the best