AP Psychology Unit 1 Review - Scientific Foundations of Psychology

Introduction

• Instructor: Mr. Sin
• Video part of an Ultimate Review Packet
  • Includes unit review videos, practice quizzes, study guides, answer keys, and full practice AP exams
• Focus: AP Psychology Unit 1 - Scientific Foundations of Psychology

Key Contributors to Psychology

• Wilhelm Wundt:
  • Father of Psychology
  • Created first lab dedicated to psychology
  • Studied senses, reaction time, attention spans
  • Edward Titchener, his student, developed Structuralism
• William James:
  • Taught first psychology course at Harvard
  • Wrote first psychology textbook
  • Created Functionalism
  • Advocated for women in psychology (e.g., Mary Whiton Calkins)
• G. Stanley Hall:
  • First American Ph.D. in psychology
  • Opened first psychology lab in USA
  • First president of APA
• Mary Whiton Calkins:
  • Significant contributions in memory research
  • First female president of APA
• Margaret Floy Washburn:
  • Contributions to animal research
  • First woman to earn psychology degree
  • Second female president of APA
• Charles Darwin:
  • Proposed natural selection
  • Influenced Evolutionary Psychology
• Dorothea Dix:
  • Reformed treatment of mentally ill
• Sigmund Freud:
  • Created Psychoanalytic theory
• Ivan Pavlov:
  • Known for classical conditioning (Pavlov's dogs)
• Jean Piaget:
  • Systematic study of cognitive development in children
• Carl Rogers:
  • Founder of Humanistic Psychology
• B.F. Skinner:
  • Known for operant conditioning
• John B. Watson:
  • Founder of Behaviorism

Schools of Thought

• Structuralism:
  • Focus on structures of consciousness
  • Uses introspection
• Functionalism:
  • Understand mental and behavioral processes
  • Focus on evolved functions
• Gestalt Psychology:
  • Focus on whole consciousness
  • Studies perception, sensation, learning, problem-solving
• Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic:
  • Influence of ego, id, superego
  • Focus on unconscious processes

Modern Perspectives

• Early Behavioralism:
  • Behaviors are learned and observable
  • Includes classical and operant conditioning
• Humanistic:
  • Focus on human potential and self-actualization
• Sociocultural:
  • Impact of culture, social norms on behavior
• Evolutionary:
  • Behaviors shaped by natural selection
• Biological:
  • Brain and nervous system processes
• Cognitive:
  • Attitudes, memories, perceptions influence behavior

Psychological Domains

• Basic Research Domains:
  • Biological, Developmental, Cognitive, Educational, Personality, Social, Positive, Psychometric
• Applied Research Domains:
  • Industrial/Organizational, Counseling, Clinical
• Counselors vs. Psychiatrists:
  • Counselors cope with life challenges, psychiatrists treat psychological disorders

Research Methods

• Operational Definitions:
  • Essential for replicable and measurable research
• Sampling:
  • Population vs. Sample
  • Random and stratified sampling
  • Avoiding sampling bias
• Research Methods:
  • Experiments, Correlational Studies, Surveys, Naturalistic Observations, Case Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Cross-sectional Studies
• Reliability and Validity:
  • Ensuring studies can be repeated and accurately measure variables

Statistical Analysis

• Types of Data:
  • Quantitative and Qualitative
• Descriptive and Inferential Statistics:
  • Organizing data and making predictions
• Probability Values
  • P-value significance
• Central Tendency and Variability:
  • Mean, Median, Mode, Range, Standard Deviation
• Normal Distribution and Z-scores
  • Skewness and Bimodal Distributions
• Correlation
  • Positive, Negative relationships, and No correlation

Ethical Guidelines

• APA and IRB Guidelines:
  • Protecting individuals in studies
• Informed Consent:
  • Participants must understand the study before participating
• Animal Protection:
  • Oversight by IACUC

Conclusion

• Review unit through the Ultimate Review Packet
• Check study guide answers and practice quizzes
• Prepare for future units with provided resources

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This summary aims to help students remember key concepts from AP Psychology Unit 1 by highlighting main topics and contributors to the field. It also outlines research methods and ethical considerations necessary for conducting psychological studies.