Acid, Base, and Salt

Introduction

• We use acids and bases in everyday life.
• Some common food items that contain acids:
  • Lemon: Citric acid
  • Orange: Citric acid
  • Yogurt: Lactic acid

Effects of Acids and Bases

• Eating junk food can cause acidity.
• The reaction between acids and bases is called a neutralization reaction.
• The result of neutralization: salt and water.
• Salts are not just table salt; they come in various types.

Major Salts

• Plaster of Paris:
  • Used for casting.
• Baking Powder:
  • Makes cakes fluffy.

Household Indicators

• Turmeric: Turns red when a base is added.
• Litmus Paper:
  • Red litmus paper turns blue in acid.
  • Blue litmus paper turns red in base.
• Methyl Orange and Phenolphthalein:
  • Synthetic indicators.

Types of Acids and Bases

• Acids:
  • Sour (e.g., lemon, tamarind).
  • Two types:
    • Mineral Acids: Hydrochloric, Sulfuric.
    • Organic Acids: Acetic, Citric.
• Bases:
  • Bitter.
  • Two types:
    • Strong Bases: Sodium Hydroxide.
    • Weak Bases: Ammonium Hydroxide.

pH Scale

• pH 0-14:
  • 0-7: Acidic.
  • 7: Neutral.
  • 7-14: Basic.

Neutralization

• The reaction between acids and bases produces salt and water.
• Example Reaction:
  • Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide → Sodium Chloride + Water.

Characteristics of Salt

• Salts have high melting and boiling points.
• Salts are ionic compounds and thus conduct electricity.

Conclusion

• It is essential to know the relationship between acids, bases, and salts.
• Understanding the effects of acids and bases in household use is crucial.

---

• These notes provide important information about acids, bases, and salts, which will help in your studies.