Lecture Notes: Gender Differences in Moral Dilemmas by Carol Gilligan

Introduction

• Focus on differences in moral reasoning between men and women.
• Women emphasize relational aspects in moral dilemmas.

Women's Moral Reasoning

• Women consider the impact of their actions on relationships.
• Challenge the traditional individualistic approach to moral dilemmas.
• Emphasize awareness of relationships and interconnectedness.

Vietnam War Context

• Discussion of moral dilemmas during the Vietnam War draft.
• Men avoided discussing their relational concerns due to societal expectations.
• Novel "The Plague" used to explore themes of responsibility and relationships.

Critique of Traditional Theories

• Traditional theories often depict men as abstract thinkers.
• These theories didn't capture the relational aspects of real-life decision-making.
• Importance of listening to diverse women's voices to understand moral reasoning.

"In a Different Voice"

• Gilligan's book title signifies a new perspective on moral reasoning.
• Shift from "whose rights take precedence" to "what is the responsible action" in relationships.

Case Study Example

• A nurse faces a dilemma: to continue a pregnancy or not.
  • Factors: health risks, existing child, husband’s unemployment, religious beliefs.
  • Highlights the complexity of relational and moral decision-making.

Ethics of Selflessness vs. Selfishness

• Women often described as selfless, prioritizing others' needs.
• Gilligan challenges the notion that considering one's own needs is selfish.
• Explores the balance between responsiveness to others and self-concern.

Conclusion

• The discovery of shared experiences among women about moral reasoning.
• The importance of advocating for the expression of women's perspectives in moral discussions.
• "In a Different Voice" encapsulates the idea that moral reasoning is not the same for everyone and should be inclusive of different voices and experiences.