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The Papal Election Process Explained

May 12, 2025

How a New Pope is Chosen

Overview of the Process

  • The election of a new pope takes place in the Sistine Chapel with strict procedures.
  • Cardinals under 80 are eligible to vote.
  • Historically, only cardinals have been elected, although any baptized male Catholic can become pope.
  • The conclave voting process was revised by Pope Benedict XVI.

Voting Procedure

  • Voting begins with the preparation and distribution of ballots.
  • Nine cardinals are randomly selected for specific roles:
    • Three scrutinize votes.
    • Three collect votes from sick cardinals.
    • Three revise the work of the scrutineers.
  • Ballots feature the phrase "Eligo in Summum Pontificem," with space for the candidate's name.
  • Cardinals cast votes in secrecy and place ballots on a plate, which are then placed in a chalice.
  • Votes are counted and secured with a thread.
  • A two-thirds majority is required for election.
  • Inconclusive votes are followed by additional voting sessions.
  • After 13 days without a decision, the process shifts to a runoff.

Smoke Signals

  • White smoke signals a successful election.
  • Black smoke indicates an inconclusive vote.

Interregnum Period

  • The College of Cardinals governs during the sede vacante.
  • The Roman Curia is limited in action.
  • Cardinals meet daily for conclave preparations.
  • Voting occurs with two ballots each morning and afternoon.
  • The new pope is announced and gives a blessing in St. Peter's Square.

Naming the Pope

  • Once elected, the new pope's acceptance and name are certified by the Master of Papal Liturgical Celebrations.

Reflection by Pope Benedict XVI

  • Pope Benedict XVI shared his personal reflection on the responsibilities and challenges of being chosen as pope.
  • He expressed initial reluctance and the realization of his duty through encouragement from fellow cardinals.
  • The pope emphasized trust in the Lord and the Christian community.

Prayer for Election

  • A prayer is included, asking for a pastor who will lead with holiness.

Additional Information

  • Excerpts from official documents and speeches are cited with copyright notices by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and associated publishers.

Resources

  • For further reading, visit usccbpublishing.org or other listed platforms for e-book formats.