Transcript for:
Sinking of the Titanic and the Archimedes Principle

Sayed, where are you going? The ship is sinking, Maestro! The ship is sinking! Stand there, Sayed, and play for the passengers! - Who do I play for?

  • For passengers. The passengers who are drowning? - Are you okay, Maestro?
  • Yes, Sayed. This is our duty. What duty, boss? I get paid daily! Put yourself in the passengers' shoes, Sayed... when the ship is sinking, won't you like to listen to music... while you're you drowning? Of course not, this is extra tension! Sayed, imagine with me... you're sinking on the ship, and suddenly Amr Diab starts singing. What do you do? First of all, I will change the drugs because this is a strange kind of high. I'm being serious, Sayed! Take out your violin and play with me, come on! By the way, we can help children and women board the boat, we can distribute Life Jackets to passengers. What's this absurdity? How will this be more useful than music? Haven't you heard, Sayed, the proverb that says "Music is life"? No at all, and I don't think the person who said this proverb even heard it! So you'll let me play alone, and won't you feel guilty? Absolutely not, I will still be very happy. Okay, Sayed. Let the history books remember me as the maestro who decided not to let the Titanic sink, and insisted to play... the sweetest melodies. Honestly, you went a little over board with 'sweetest melodies', I play with you all the time, and I know your melodies. But okay, I'll tell them about the crazy man who played as people drowned. Goodbye, man! Okay, here we go. What is this, guys? Amr Diab will have a party on the ship? Come on! I knew it! Hello my friend viewers, welcome to a new episode of ElDaheeh. On April 15th 1912, at 12:27 A.M., The captain of the Titanic commanded his assistant, Jack Phillips, to sends a message in Morris code to all the ships around it. After, my friend, 6 attempts with no response, the assistant Jack noticed something, that the distress code changed to SOS. "Unbelievable, Abo Hmeed, this is the code that the hero always calls for help on MBC2. Save Our Souls, I know it well! And no one saves the hero to make the film longer, we want to make a story, sell tickets, and so on!" my friend, now is not the time, let us focus with the sinking ship! The assistant sent his message, and indeed all the ships responded, except one ship which is the closest ship to the Titanic, SS Californian. At this particular time, its radio operator was asleep. The navigation laws changed because of that particular operator! If this man had drank a cup of coffee, he could have saved more than 1,500 people, topping James Cameron! Leonardo DiCaprio was going to shoot Home Alone. "Unbelievable, Abo Hmeed! tell me did the Titanic sink or what?" Did it sink? Before reassuring you about the fate of the Titanic, that you surely don't know, let's go back a few centuries. Specifically, in the third century BC, back to the days of Archimedes. If it weren't for him, there wouldn't have been a Titanic, nor there would have been ships at all! One day, King Hiero II summoned Archimedes and said to Archimedes, "Here you go this crown." Of course, Archimedes said, "Not so fast, your highness, let me do anything first then give me your place!" "No! See if this is pure gold or not." The King, my friend, as you know the famous story, wanted to know whether this crown was made of pure gold or not. And what is required of Archimedes, without breaking the crown or cutting it, was to know scientifically whether the blacksmith committed a fraud to the king or if the crown was actually made of gold. Archimedes took the crown from his hand and went to a public bath to take a shower. He thought of a way to answer the king's riddle. He, my friend, was thinking through and through, when he noticed that every time he went down the bathtub, water sprung out. Here, Archimedes' eyes widened ran from the bath and ran naked in the street. People didn't understand what's happening! He kept saying his famous phrase, "Eureka, Eureka, Eureka!" Meaning, "I found it, I found it, I found it!" Archimedes, my friend, discovered that the volume of a body immersed in water equals to the volume of water that was displaced after the body was immersed, and this applied to all fluids. I mean, my friend, if we assume that the bathtub was full to the brim. When Archimedes descended into this bathtub, water came out as large as he was. So if Archimedes went into the bathtub and was submerged, then the volume of water that will fall from the bathtub after he's in, equals the same volume as the submerged body, which in our case is Archimedes. "Abo Hmeed, this is all nice, but how will it help with the crown thing?" Simply, my friend, Archimedes will get a piece of gold of same weight as the crown, pure gold that he knows and guarantees. He will get this piece of gold and the crown, and put the two in the water. It is assumed here that if both are of the same material, pure gold, and Archimedes has their masses stabilized, then supposedly the volume of water displaced due to immersing both in the water, putting them in water, should be of the same value. Indeed, my friend, Archimedes carried out the experiment, but he saw the volume of water displaced from the crown is greater than the volume of water displaced from the gold he guaranteed. This, my friend, confirmed to Archimedes that the gold in this crown is mixed with other materials. Because if it were pure gold, it would have been the same volume as the other. Although, my friend, this story is not even confirmed, but what we are sure of, my friend, is he gave us the Archimedes buoyancy Principle. The Archimedes Principle, my friend, says, if the body is completely or partially submerged in a liquid that that it does not dissolve in it or interact with it, then this liquid will forcefully push the body immersed in it upward, this force, my friend, we will call it the buoyant force. Therefore, in order to make any object float, we are supposed to increase the volume of water displaced. "How can we increase it, Abo Hmeed?" This, my friend, requires that we enlarge the body and empty it on the inside, we increase its volume, while maintaining the same mass. If we caught a football and drowned it before it was inflated, it'll sink, there is no buoyancy. But if we blow this ball, it will float. If we hold a piece of iron, then dropped it in, it'll sink, but if we made this iron in the shape of a ball, and then we filled it with air inside, it will float. Because the volume here has increased, but the mass remains constant. Therefore, the density decrease, or more precisely, the average density decreases which is the total volume divided by the total mass. In short, my friend, as long as your density is less than the density of what you are walking on, you will float. If your density is less than the density of air, you will fly. What I told you is, simply put, the shipbuilding equation, The equation through which you can make anything float on water, not only does it float, but also carries people on top of it. And not just people, you can carry tons of goods. From the first boat you make with notebook paper to the Titanic, Titanic was built using the same equation I explained to you. On March 31st 1912, Star Line announces the completion of the construction of the Titanic. The construction process took 3 full years. Titanic began its first voyage on April 10th 1912. Let me tell you, my friend, that the Titanic was not an ordinary ship. This, my friend, was the largest passenger ship of its time, its length was 269 meters, its width was 28 metres, and its height was 53 meters. I know, my friend, that the numbers seem simple, but let me give you examples so you can imagine them. Imagine the area of 3 football fields, and the length of a building of 17 floors, Titanic's crew used to get lost inside it! In order to be able to memorize the places, they needed two weeks of practice. So, my friend, we have increased the size for this ship to float, what should we do? We make it hollow. We reduce its density, and it floats. From here, Titanic was divided into 16 cabins or compartments. Each one is separated from the other. "Why, Abo Hmeed, do they isolate them from each other? Isn't this cruelty?" Think about it, my friend, if the ship hit something or had a hole, the captain here can lock the damaged cabin or compartment separating it from the rest of the cabins. If they were all connected to each other, then as soon as the ship is hit, it'll be flooded from below and sink. But take care, this also has a limit. It's all, my friend, carefully calculated. This ship can float if it is damaged in 4 cabins, maximum. If 5 cabins got water in them, that's it, we're drowned! The size, layout, and movement of the compartments made Titanic famous, and was marketed as the unsinkable ship. This happened after the Olympic ship had an accident in 1911. Olympic was considered the twin sister of Titanic. On the day of this incident, Olympic was walking parallel to the ship Hawk, and like any race between any two young men on the road, they looked at each other and decided without any reason to pick up their pace, and the two ships began to actually pick up speed. Suddenly, Olympic decided that it wanted to beat Hawk, and take a drift to the right, but the Hawk ship wasn't fast enough to evade it so the two ships crashed into each other. Hawk punctured 2 of Olympic's water compartments below. Although the Hawk was a warship, meaning it was specifically designed to sink other ships and made money for this, the Olympic ship did not sink and survived this accident. Here, my friend, White Star Line company took advantage of this for its personal propaganda. Here, my friend, White Star Line said; "Do you all see our big ship, the Olympic? a warship rammed into it, and two cabins got water in them, and yet it didn't sink! so come, passengers, we would like you to travel on the Atlantic Ocean on one of the largest ships in history. Don't worry at all, our ships don't sink! everything we do is perfect!" Not only that, the captain of the Olympic ship at the time of the incident, Captain Edward Smith; "We will personally make him Captain of the Titanic, in short, it's our field and our captain, you'll definitely float even if a warship hits you!" If I told you, my friend, Titanic and asked you about the second mental image that came into your mind. Because the first one is usually Rose. This picture will most likely be a huge iceberg. But just as the iceberg occupied a large part of the story of Titanic, and Rose also occupied an important part of the story of Titanic, but actually, what we don't know, is that the fire occupied a significant part. 10 days before the Titanic sails, there was a big fire in one of the coal warehouses inside it. This fire continued for several days. "What! Why, Abo Hmeed?" Because, my friend, the phenomenon of spontaneous combustion of coal, this happens to some materials when they have a strong tendency to oxidize. The substance would be chilling doing nothing, then burns! The only thing needed was a little charcoal and a little oxygen, and bam, the warehouse was on fire. From here, my friend, the opinions were divided, did this fire have an effect on the sinking of the ship, or not? Some people say that this fire made the iron that separates the compartments... -Remember? We talked about approximately 16 cabins- the fire that occurred before sailing, weakened the iron separating the compartments, which made it unable to bear the pressure of water as soon as it got into one of the cabins. This, my friend, is a suggested theory. But most opinions say the opposite, that the measures taken after the fire helped that the ship took more time before sinking. Because the workers transported more than 300 tons of coal, from the right side of the ship to the left side. The thing, my friend, is that one side was tilted this way then the water entered from this side, so the ship was balanced like this, which increased the time before the ship sank by about 40 minutes. The ship was like this, then water entered from here, and it became like this and after that, it sank! According to the engineer who designed the ship, Thomas Andrews, the Titanic was supposed to take less than two hours to sink. But it sank in two hours and 40 minutes. This was a longer time that would have allowed a nearby ship to save it. But of course, as we knew later, the closest ship to the Titanic did not arrive in time. The Titanic, my friend, was not the only ship heading for New York that day. There was a ship that preceded it and was taking the same path, its name is SS Californian, this ship encountered small icebergs, just some teenage icebergs. Here, the only radio operator on the SS Californian sent a message to all the ships around him, saying, "Take care, there is ice ahead". "Abo Hmeed, did these ships include the Titanic?" Yes my friend, but unfortunately the radio operator on the Titanic did exactly like your girlfriend, he didn't bother with the message, nor replied nor even wrote it down. After 15 minutes, my friend, the warning was sent out again. Finally, the radio operator received it and handed it over to the officer. But still, Titanic continued on its way at the same speed, 22 knots/hour. Unlike the Californian ship that decided to stop and wait until the next day, especially when surprised that there is a large group of icebergs ahead bigger than those it saw a little while ago. At 11 and 7 minutes, the two ships were close to each other. They were only separated by about 10 miles. Here, the radio operator on the SS Californian sent to the Titanic telling them they had to stop, because there were icebergs in front of them. But because the two ships were very close to each other, the radio voice was very loud, in particular, the oscillations of the Morris code. Imagine yourself, my friend, as a radio operator on the Titanic and you keep hearing... Suddenly the sound became loud! Here, the radio operator of the Titanic replied to the radio operator of the SS Californian and he said nervously, with Caps Lock, "I'm working! Shut up!" "I'm at work right now, sending messages to passengers in New York!" He ignored the warning message that time and did not deliver it to the captain! Here, my friend, the awaited plot twist happened. Do you remember, my friend, at first when I told you that there was one person who could save 1,500 people? That was Cyril Evans, the radio operator on the SS Californian, who decided at 11:30 pm to forget about all these warnings, and get some rest for two hours, turn off the radio, and go to sleep. The man, my friend, decided to take a nap during the most important two hours of the story Titanic Because at exactly 11:40, 10 minutes after he fell asleep, Titanic rammed into the iceberg. While Evans closed his eyes and relaxed, 1,500 passengers on the Titanic closed their eyes and rested forever! At 12:27am, the Titanic radio operator finally sent out distress signals to ships around him. Most of the ships, my friend, replied except for the SS Californian. In the Californian crew's testimony later, they said that they saw a light coming from the Titanic. And of course, it wasn't a normal light, nor was it festive escape, or anything. These were Morris bulbs, which turned on and off by the distress code. But they thought it was just a flickering bulb or just a problem with power! "I mean, they definitely didn't hit an iceberg and are making a distress call, it's a narrow possibility especially since we were alerted the ships that there are icebergs in front of us, and all!" At 1:30 am, Titanic still had no response. So it was forced to launch distress flares into the sky. "We are going to die, idiots!" Californian crew, thank God, saw the light and crackle in the sky, and reported to commander Stanley Lord who was also asleep at the time. The truth is, my friend, Stanley wasn't sure either at that time if this was a distress signal or fireworks? or maybe cheering for Espérance and had fireworks? It may have also been identifying signs, the ship sends a certain signal to declare, "Who am I?" "Guys, I'm Titanic and I'm heading that way." [TITANIC]: "I am the Titanic and I am sinking!" The rest of the crew also wasn't sure. Here, my friend, the captain of the SS Californian decided to send a message to the Titanic asking, "Are you sinking? Or are you celebrating?" Here, my friend, what did he do? He switched light on and off. "What is this Abo Hmeed? they're not cars in the street!" They communicated that way, my friend, I didn't tell them to. Captain Californian decided not to wake the radio operator. He communicated with Titanic with Morris codes, a light bulb that turns on and off. At that time, my friend, the crew of Titanic had enough on their plate they were too overwhelmed to be looking for lights! They were desperate that someone would answer them. They didn't see any of these signs! The time now, my friend, is 3:30 in the morning, a white light appears in the sky, but this time is not from Titanic. This, my friend, was the ship Carpathia that was announcing its arrival. It was sending an introductory message in the sky, "I am the Carpathia." [TITANIC]:"I am Titanic, nice to meet you, we're sinking!" Carpathia was a ship about 100 kilometers away from Titanic. They were sailing in the opposite direction, but when it received a distress signal from the Titanic, the captain decided to change direction, and return to try to save what can be saved. Thanks to Carpathia's captain, Captain Arthur Rostron, about 705 people were rescued from the Titanic's lifeboats. They couldn't save the ones in the water, and there wasn't someone on a wooden plank with his beloved. But here, my friend, if you are like me, you can ask a question, "Why would the ship keep sail with so few lifeboats? Why don't we save the 1,500 from lifeboats? Why did only 705 people succeed have to get onto lifeboats? and have the whole 'Women first, no men'!" The question here, my friend, is why were there not enough lifeboats for all the people? Titanic was supposed to have 60 lifeboats, and on paper, at least 48 boats. In reality, my friend, the ones on the Titanic were only 20 lifeboats! Each one of them carried about 65 people. 65 by 20, by some calculations, we can say that the lifeboats could have carried 1,178 people. Out of how many? 2200 passengers. There are 1000 people who were unaccounted for! It is said, my friend, that Captain Smith, who was the captain of the Titanic, didn't do any training or rehearsals for a scenario like this. There was no protocol for using lifeboats. This left the process of loading lifeboats for passengers taking about half an hour, instead of 10 minutes! Also, there were many boats that were not completely full. Why Because the boat crew was afraid that the boats would not be able to handle them. And because the first class were those who were above, most of the rich people above were the ones who rode first. "One second, Abo Hmeed, in disasters like this, isn't the priority given to women, children, and the elderly? Didn't this happen to Titanic?" Indeed, my friend, women and children were the priority. But the real priority was given to women and children in first and second class. Most of the third class passengers did not even get to the boats! Why, my friend? Because third class passengers were locked in with iron gates from the beginning of the trip to its end. The custom was that the third class passengers were the poor those who always suffer from diseases as they neglect their personal hygiene. Let me tell you that after every trip, there was a quarantine for third-class passengers or anyone who dealt with them. If we took the movie Titanic and applied it to reality, we will discover that it was impossible to happen, because Jack would have been locked down. It was impossible for him to do like this on the sail with a rich girl he doesn't know! "Draw me, boy, with charcoal, draw me a portrait!" Let me tell you, my friend, that 3 quarters of third class passengers died, approximately 500 passengers out of 700 passengers! All those were at the bottom of the ship, and when it sank, they were at the bottom of the ocean! Despite, my friend, the darkness of the situation, let me tell you something, the third class passengers on the Titanic were well off, the price of their trip on the Titanic was about the same as approximately the price of first class on other large ships. Also, on the Titanic they had special cabins for sleeping and not shared sleeping areas like other ships. They had services, such as running water, electricity, and heaters. Also, they had their own buffet. Before the Titanic, passengers third class on any other ship had to bring their food with them. As usual, it used to always go bad on long trips. This, my friend, was the case for third-class passengers, Let's go up the ladder, and see the second class. They also had the same advantages, but on much larger areas. Add to the cabins and dining hall, a private library and designated places for smoking. Of course, they were allowed to move and go to the deck of the ship. They were not locked in like the third-class. Let me tell you that all these advantages were nothing compared to first class. These, my friend, had every entertainment imaginable, gym, squash courts, and swimming pools. In the end, the girl chose the other boy. And since they were ship-deck residents, they were the easiest and fastest people to move to lifeboats, as I explained to you. It is said, my friend, that all the first-class children survived except for baby Lauren Allison, who drowned with her family while they were looking for her little brother! The irony, my friend, is that shortly before this little girl died, her brother in a lifeboat with his nanny! What you look for isn't looking for you! The interior design of the Titanic was inspired by the Ritz Hotel in London. They had their own journal called The Atlantic Daily Bulletin. Can you imagine, my friend? There is a newspaper for the ship's residents. They had, my friend, Turkish baths and beauty salons, and women could ask for a hairdresser to come to her own cabin to fix her hair before dinner and look beautiful. Also, my friend, they had a place designated for animals. There's also the food, Titanic carried 34 thousand kilos of meat, 5000 kilograms of fish, 40 thousand kilos of potatoes, 40 thousand eggs, "Come on, Ahmed!" It is said, my friend, that there are 8,000 cigarettes on it. It probably drowned of gluttony my friend, it ate a lot before sailing. What's funny, my friend, is that Titanic has all this... - but it didn't have a single binoculars.
  • "What?" "Sorry, Abo Hmeed, I was surprised but what is the problem if there are no binoculars?" The binoculars could have saved the Titanic from sinking. In the Titanic's time, there was no sonar or GPS. The ships relied on observers standing high on the deck of the ship. This place is called "The Crow's Nest". These observers monitor everything around them with binoculars. The binoculars, my friend, of the whole ship were in a room, the key to this room was with the former ship's captain, David Blair! They fired David Blair, and he left taking the key with him! "So, Abo Hmeed, would these binoculars have made any difference in the situation?" Indeed, my friend, this was asked during investigations with two observers who survived the sinking, they said, "Yes, the binoculars would have made a difference, we would have been able to see the iceberg that drowned us sooner!" When they were asked, "How soon?" They said, "Enough, to get out of the way and avoid hitting the iceberg." Let me, my friend, take you back to 11:30pm because this was a very important time in our story. Titanic was speeding at 22 knots, sailing without binoculars! The observers saw with their naked eyes, without any binoculars, an iceberg in front of them! One of the observers ran as fast as he could and rang the bell. He called and informed the ship that the Titanic is heading straight to collide with an iceberg. He informed the ship's command that the Titanic was heading directly and quickly to collide with an iceberg. Officer Murdock, the first officer on the Titanic, ordered his crew to shut down the engines and make it take a turn as an attempt to reduce the ship's speed. At the same time, they turned as far left as possible, he ordered them to close all the water cabins below, the 16 cabins I told you about before. But despite all these attempts, Titanic rammed into the iceberg after 10 minutes! At 11:40, Titanic crashed into the iceberg! The crash wasn't normal, it come from the side. The right side of the ship was perforated with 5 holes, 5 compartments were filled with water. And the Titanic, as I told you, cannot handle more than 4 cabins filled with water. Also, my friend, the design of the compartments had a problem. It wasn't locked from above. The compartments were a long iron door designed that if, for example, 4 compartments fill with water, the ship would afloat normally. The water would remain inside the ship, at the same level as the sea level and less than the height of the iron door that separates the compartments. In the Titanic, this is not what happened, because it had 5 cabins that were full. Flashback, indoor day, the bathroom where Archimedes was, think with me what this means. Here, the ship's weight was greater than the buoyant force! This means, my friend, that the ship would sink. This is what engineer Thomas Andrews said when they told him that there were 5 compartments filled with water. He replied in just 4 words: "The ship will sink" - "But, Mr. Engineer...?"
  • "It will sink." The truth, my friend, is that there is a very logical theory that says: if the Titanic had slammed directly into the iceberg, and slowed down, but didn't turn away, the ship might not have sunk. Yes, the people in it could have died, due to inertia, because physically, the ship would stop from the impact, but inside they would move at the speed of the ship, what would happen in this case was that those inside the ship would be hit hard and those on the deck would fall. But there was also a high probability that the ship itself would not sink. Because mostly the number of compartments damaged would be less than 4. Unlike when the ship took a turn, here, the mountain came into contact with a larger number of cabins, it impacted a greater area of the ship than what it would have impacted if the ship hit it head-on straight. This theory, my friend, is not only theoretical. Let me tell you that in 1907, one of the German ships ran into an iceberg head-on, and continued its journey normally, without loss of life. But in the case of the Titanic and the impact that came from the side, water kept filling the compartments. Therefore, the ship sank further, and the compartments were filled with more water. Since the compartments were not closed from above, as I told you, each compartment began to fill the one next to it until half of the ship was under water and the second half above the water, its weight was concentrated at the end. There was intense pressure on the middle part of the ship. Also, with the low temperature, the iron, instead of being ductile and resistant to shocks, it became brittle and can break like glue or chalk. That's only for the ship to split in two in the end and exactly at 2:20am, the Titanic was sinking! The forward half of the ship descended to the bottom, this is because the bow of the ship was pointed. This was a design that would help it sail smoothly. The resistance of the water to this part was small, it sailed like this penetrating the water. The second half's journey to the bottom was not easy at all. It was exposed to intense pressure and very strong water resistance. Due to so much pressure and resistance, the second part began to break into many parts. The wooden parts that broke in the water, because of the law of buoyancy, they came up again, and this killed many passengers. But also, at the same time, the wood that came up some passengers used it as lifeboats. "Come on, boy , hang on the wood!" Do you remember, my friend, the dazzling scene of Titanic, that turned out to had been filmed in a tiny pool? When the viewers were going crazy, "Why did Rose ride alone on the door of the closet? Why didn't she take the boy with her?" I, my friend, from my position, would love to answer this puzzling question: First, because two things have no safety: Brakes, and... you continue! The truth, my friend, is that the greatest Meme Lords analyzed in detail and math the wooden log that Rose was sleeping on. With conclusive scientific evidence, they found it was easy to put Jack next to Rose. But, my friend, let me tell you that if physics and sports were to follow the opinion of the Meme Lords, we would have been lost ages ago! The real reason why Jack is not beside Rose is the Archimedes Principle. Back to Archimedes, their weight together combined would've been greater than the weight of the water displaced by the wooden log. Therefore, their weight would've been greater than the buoyant force. You know what happens to someone whose weight is greater than the buoyant force? "Oh, Abo Hmeed! does that mean I was wrongfully mad at James Cameron and Rose? wow, Abo Hmeed!" After, my friend, the sinking of the Titanic, maritime laws change to ensure that this disaster does not happen again. Lifeboat law, for example, before the Titanic, was linked to the load and weight of the ship, not to the number of passengers. The text of the law, my friend, was that if the ship weighed 10 thousand tons or more, there must be at least 16 lifeboats on it. But it was not a condition that if the ship was larger, the number of lifeboats would increase. For example, the Titanic had a load of 45 thousand tons but it only has 20 boats on it. Because the law told you that the minimum was 16. Again, even though the Titanic was four times the size they set as minimum, but the number of lifeboats was fixed. Of course, my friend, the Maritime Safety Authority changed this law after Titanic. Each ship must have a number of boats on it enough for the ship's crew and passengers and more. "Because if we saved someone on the way, or had guests over, or someone was born on the ship, we still have something space!" The law now says that lifeboats are supposed to remove 125% of the number of passengers. Not only that, training is given to the entire crew to use lifeboats twice a month. Another thing that has changed in the law is the radio must be open 24 hours and work on it with shifts. There is no such thing as a worker who slept or something! Before the Titanic, ships sometimes used torches and firecrackers to identify herself if it didn't have a radio, in the new law, an agreement was reached; "Guys, it is strictly forbidden to release any torches or explosives into the air except for the purpose of calling for help, if we see a light on, then people are dying!" There is something now called the International Ice Patrol. These are planes that go out to explore the ocean and inform ships of places where there are icebergs. There were also changes in the design of the ships themselves. For example, Titanic was made with a double bottom, this double bottom has a layer parallel to the bottom of the ship where if something happens to the bottom below, the bottom above would still exist. And if something happened to the bottoms, water compartments were available. In Titanic, my friend, they did not calculate the sides, the water cabins were not high enough. But after the Titanic, the ships had double sides and bottoms, and the separations between the compartments became higher to ensure nothing happens like the Titanic where water passed from one compartment to the next. Titanic, my friend, was no ordinary ship, it was a ship that changed history. Just as it was the largest passenger ship of its time, its sinking was the largest humanitarian disaster at the same time. The ship after which the maritime laws changed, the ship that baffled the world by sinking! People came up with conspiracy theories about how J.P. Morgan, owner of White Star Line, wanted to get rid of 3 passengers on the ship, so he sank the ship. Other people said that the Titanic had a Pharaonic coffin on it and it sank because of the curse of the Pharaohs. Not right! Let me tell you that some considered the sinking of the Titanic an unusual event, that needed deliberate evil will, or a supernatural curse. Some consider it to be that nature challenges man. "You made a cool boat, and you say it won't sink? take an iceberg! The ship that you are happy with, and made all this propaganda for I will drown it for you with something that melts!" I, my friend, will tell you the most accurate answer, the Titanic was destined to sink due to a series of infinitesimal human errors, starting with simple mistakes of a design engineer, and the number of lifeboats, until a sleepy radio operator, and an officer who took the keys and left! That's besides a ship captain who maneuvered in the worst way only for him with the utmost intelligence, to cause an injury in the boat that the ship can't float with! Mistakes, that combined together, created an inevitable disaster. After drowning, my friend, the newspapers said: "Titanic was supposed to be a lifeboat itself, because itself was the backup rescue plan, and the perfect lifeboat for disaster like this!" Perhaps Titanic was a human being's wish to achieve perfection in engineering design, a perfection that does not need any examination or backup plan to review. But, my friend, take this as wisdom from me, and write it on Twitter. Perhaps a person's perfection stems from his certainty that he is not perfect. You want to be perfect? Accept that you are not perfect... You are now perfect, congratulations! But keep mixing it up my friend in a state of tension and terror, you are perfect! Perhaps, my friend, the attempt to achieve perfection is the basis of human progress. Because this is the motivation of humans to not stop trying. But at the same time, people believing that they have achieved perfection is the inevitable beginning of any disaster. Because it is a moment in when all attempts to compensate for the deficiency stops, as well as filling the gaps in the plan. And the celebration that is certain of perfection will begin, denying the possibility of any catastrophe. Like the musical group we saw playing at the end of the movie while the ship was sinking, in a state of denial that there are 1,500 human beings living their last moments in life. I hope, my friend, these are not your last moments in life, because I need you. "Why, Abo Hmeed? Is there something wrong?" Yes, my friend, there are old episodes and new ones, there is a channel on YouTube, you need to subscribe to it, and there are sources, you need to check below. A warning, my friend, in the end, your mother should not watch this episode, it will have the same effect as the movie The Boat on Rotana Cinema, you won't go on vacation!