Lecture on African-American History: Many Rivers to Cross

Introduction

• Explores the history of African-Americans, a history spanning five centuries.
• Delivered stories of courage, determination, and hope across the globe.

Early African Presence

• Anthony Johnson: Also known as "Antonio the Negro," exemplifies the evolution of slavery in Virginia.
• Juan Garrido: Free African with Spanish explorers in 1513.
• Esteban the Moor: Survived a treacherous expedition, contributed as a guide and translator.

The Onset of Slavery in America

• Jamestown, Virginia, 1619: Arrival of the first African slaves.
• Transition from informal indentured servitude to a rigid racial system.

Anthony Johnson's Legacy

• Initially gained freedom and prosperity owning land and slaves.
• His life story marked the beginning of race-based slavery in Virginia.

The Slave Trade

• Sierra Leone: Major hub for the slave trade; Africans sold by African kingdoms.
• Slavery was not race-based in Africa; Europeans introduced racial slavery.

The Middle Passage

• Horrific journey for slaves from Africa to the New World.
• Priscilla's Story: Example of the brutality and dehumanization during the Middle Passage.

Life on the Plantations

• Priscilla's lineage traced back to Sierra Leone, rare for African Americans.
• Slaves built American infrastructure and formed a distinct culture.

African American Contributions

• Influence on American cuisine, music, and popular culture.
• Black people significantly reshaped American society.

The Pursuit of Freedom

• Fort Mose: First all-black settlement in the US, a symbol of freedom.
• Slave revolts, such as the Stono Rebellion, despite brutal repercussions.

The American Revolution

• Black individuals joined British forces for the promise of freedom, e.g., Harry Washington.

The Haitian Revolution

• Haiti: First successful slave revolt resulting in a free black republic.
• Indirectly inspired African Americans and intensified the desire for freedom.

Cultural Legacy and Impact

• African American culture as part of a larger Atlantic world history.
• The resilience and hope of African Americans continue to influence modern society.

Conclusion

• The history of African-Americans is deeply intertwined with the history of the Atlantic world.
• Their story is one of resilience, hope, and cultural transformation.