Overview
This lecture discusses the different types of communicative strategies used to maintain effective conversations, focusing on their definitions, examples, and applications.
Types of Communicative Strategies
- Communicative strategies are methods used to start, maintain, and end conversations effectively.
- Effective communication requires not just content but also appropriate delivery based on the situation.
1. Nomination
- Nomination involves initiating a topic or conversation, often with greetings or openers (e.g., "Hi, how are you?").
- Used to introduce a topic clearly and keep the discussion focused.
2. Restriction
- Restriction limits how the receiver can respond, allowing only certain types of answers (e.g., "yes/no" questions).
- Example: Assignments that specify exactly what should be discussed or how to answer.
3. Turn Taking
- Turn taking is the process of determining who speaks next in a conversation.
- It involves recognizing verbal and non-verbal cues to know when to speak or listen.
4. Topic Control
- Topic control deals with keeping the conversation on a specific subject and avoiding unnecessary shifts.
- Example: Refocusing a discussion onto the main topic when it drifts.
5. Topic Shifting
- Topic shifting is moving the conversation from one topic to another, either deliberately or to avoid certain issues.
- This helps manage the flow and breadth of the conversation.
6. Repair
- Repair addresses misunderstandings or miscommunications by clarifying, repeating, or rephrasing information.
- Includes asking for clarification or correcting mistakes during conversation.
7. Termination
- Termination refers to ending a conversation appropriately using verbal or non-verbal cues.
- Common phrases: "Thank you for listening," or "I have to go."
Key Terms & Definitions
- Communicative Strategy — Methods for managing the flow and clarity of conversation.
- Nomination — Starting a conversation or introducing a new topic.
- Restriction — Limiting responses to a fixed set (e.g., yes/no).
- Turn Taking — Deciding who speaks next during a conversation.
- Topic Control — Keeping the conversation focused on the intended subject.
- Topic Shifting — Switching from one topic to another within a conversation.
- Repair — Clarifying or correcting misunderstandings.
- Termination — Properly ending a conversation.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Write a paragraph on how you manage communication effectively with your friends online.
- Review the types of communicative strategies and identify examples in real-life conversations.
- Prepare for a short quiz on identifying communicative strategies in various scenarios.