Lecture Notes on Post-War of 1812 and American Nationalism

Overview of the War of 1812

Viewed as a victory by the United States despite limited actual accomplishments:
- Few territorial adjustments and diplomatic advancements.
- Andrew Jackson's success in the Battle of New Orleans boosted morale and national pride.
- Victory was seen as a ratification of America's nationhood.

Decline of the Federalist Party:
- Federalists' opposition to the war and actions like the Hartford Convention led to their downfall.
Rise of Democratic-Republicans and Internal Fracturing:
- Emergence of National Republicans supporting a stronger federal government.
- Old Republicans (or "Quids") led by John Randolph, advocating states' rights and limited national authority.

Developed by Henry Clay, a National Republican:
- Advocated for protective tariffs to nurture American industries.
- Utilized tariff revenue for national infrastructure projects (e.g., National Road).
- Aimed at linking states into a national economy and strengthening federal ties.
- Controversial due to perceived favoritism and misuse of federal funds.

Rechartered to stabilize national finance post-War of 1812:
- Facilitated national monetary policy and created a national currency.
- Seen as a tool for enhancing ties between state governments and the federal government.

Issued by President James Monroe in 1823:
- Declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits to European colonization.
- The U.S. would not interfere with existing colonies but Europe should not reclaim lost territories.
- Highlighted American responsibility to protect new republics in the Americas.
- Established a policy of neutrality in European affairs.
Significance:
- Asserted U.S. influence in Western Hemisphere diplomacy without immediate military capability to enforce it.

The period after the War of 1812 marked a significant rise in American nationalism and attempts to assert international influence, setting the stage for future policies and the presidency of Andrew Jackson.