hello students of gec 109 today we are going to talk about jose rizal his family background in early education all of this are from his journal he wrote entitled memoirs of a student in manila which he had written from 1879 to 1881 when he was 17 years old this is first part of our lectures on rizal's life and here we will only be talking about his childhood until his admittance to the university of stowe tom asks what you will do after watching this is to evaluate rizal's family childhood and early education and determine how all of these have influenced rizal and shaped him as the person we know him to be let's go jose rizal was born on the moonlit night of wednesday june 19 1861 in the lakeshore town of calamba laguna his name jose was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the christian saint san jose saint joseph he was baptized in the catholic church of his town on june 22 aged three days old by the parish priest father rufino clance his godfather was father pedro kasanas a close friend of the rizal family father kalantz was impressed by the baby's big head and said take good care of this child for some day he will become a great man his father francisco ingratio alejandro mercado rizal was a tenant farmer from benin city calabarzon philippines francisco mercado was only eight years old when his father died he attended the latin school in binan where his sons would later matriculate he also attended the collegio de san jose in manila where he studied latin and philosophy he was described by historian raphael palmer he was 40 of solid shoulders strong constitution rather tall than short of serious and reflective mean with prominent forehead and large dark eyes a pure filipino he was married to teodora alonso real on the daughter of lorenzo alberto alonso and brigido quintos teodora was fond of his son jose which risale lovingly said of her my mother is a woman of more than ordinary culture she knows literature and speaks spanish better than i she corrected my poems and gave me good advice when i was studying rhetoric she is a mathematician and has read many books it is said that her family was a descendant of le candula the last native king of tondo god bless the marriage of francisco rizal and teodora relonder with 11 children two boys and nine girls namely paciano alonso mercado narcissae lopez olympia roselle lubaldo luchirazal herbosa maria alonso mercado rizal dr jose rizal concepcion alonso rizal jacifa alonso rizzal trinidad rizal and soledad rizal [Music] do [Music] sibling relationship among the rizal children was affectionately cordial years later when jose rizal grew he always called them dona or senora if married and senorita if single the surname mercado was the original surname of the rizal family domingo lamko jose's great-great-grandfather adopted the name razal in 1731 and it became a second surname of the family the name was given by spanish alcalde mayor of laguna who was a family friend rizal belonged to an affluent middle-class family in what would be considered as the principalia or the educated upper class in the pueblos of the spanish philippines they were one of the distinguished families in calamba the rizal family had a simple contented and happy life when the children got into mischief they were given a sound spanking evidently they believed in the maxim spare the rod and spoil the child in his journal rizal mentioned of his first sorrow the loss of his little sister conker which he really loved she died of sickness when she was three years old rizal wrote that i lost my little sister conquer and then for the first time i shed tears caused by love and grief his parents particularly his mother were devout catholics so at the age of three he began to take part in the family prayers when he was five years old he was able to read haltingly the spanish family bible his mother also made him memorize prayers in latin early on rosal already showed signs of multiple intelligences learned the alphabet at age three as a child invented his own toys made of scrap paper cloth remnants old pieces of wool to create objects at the age of five he began to make sketches into molding clay and wax objects he learned the latin language at age seven at age eight wrote s a s a acting mga kababata where the famous lines ang hindi magmahal sa sarling weaker despa ang malan sang isda at age nine could quote chapters and verses from the bible as a child he made use of the following results of his experiment to produce the colors he needed pepper green root of the pop baka chuete maroon do hat aubergine rhizomes yellow at age 11 he mastered the card game hangange winning most of the time and so on and so forth it is believed that he got his artistic side from his father who had brothers that were successful artist on their own right influences on the hero's boyhood in the case of razal he had all the favorable influences few other children in his lifetime enjoyed rizal's family was a mixture of races they were a combination of negrito malay indonesian japanese chinese and spanish though jose was predominantly malayan from his father he inherited a profound sense of self-respect the love for work and the habit of independent thinking and from his mother religious nature the spirit of self-sacrifice and the passion for arts and literature there were also other people that influenced jose rizal growing up from his siblings it was his big brother paciano that instilled in his mind the love for freedom and justice paciano was a student activist in stowe thomas university and was friend of father jose burgos when the gomberza fathers were executed it was pachano who explained to him the injustices that was happening in the colony rizal was known to be a polyglot he was fluent in 22 languages hebrew filipino ilocano basayan sabanon chinese latin spanish greek english french german arabic malay sanskrit dutch japanese catalan italian portuguese swedish and russian and had a knack for switching from one language to another when he was writing and he was also a polymath which means a person of great learning in several fields of study he was a journalist playwright ophthalmologist farmer historian painter novelist engineer and educator he also had varying degrees of expertise in economics ethnology sociology anthropology architecture cartography martial arts dramatics fencing and pistol shooting okay here we are also going to discuss razel's early education a man known to be one of the staunch advocate of public education rizal believed that education is the catalyst for social change rizal had his early education in calamba and binon it was a typical schooling that a son of an illustrado family received during his time characterized by the four hours reading writing arithmetic and religion instruction was rigid and strict knowledge was forced into the minds of the pupils by means of the tedious memory method aided by the teachers whip despite the defects of the spanish system of elementary education rizal was able to acquire the necessary instruction preparatory for college work in manila it may be said that rizal who was born a physical weakling rose to become an intellectual giant not because of but rather in spite of the outmoded and backward system of instruction obtaining in the philippines during the last decades of spanish regime the first teacher of rizal was his mother who was a remarkable woman of good character and fine culture on her lap he learned at the age of three the alphabet and the prayers my mother wrote rizal in his student memoirs taught me how to read and to say haltingly the humble prayers which i raised fervently to god as tutor dona teodora was patient conscientious and understanding it was she who first discovered that her son had a talent for poetry accordingly she encouraged him to write poems to lighten the monotony of memorizing the abcs and to stimulate her son's imagination she related many stories as jose grew older his parents employed private tutors to give him lessons at home the first was maestro celestino and the second maestro lucas padua later an old man named leon monroy a former classmate of rizal's father became the boys tutor this old teacher lived at the razal home and instructed jose in spanish and latin unfortunately he did not lived long he died five months later after a monroy's death the hero's parents decided to send their gifted son to a private school in benin his teacher in binan was a severe disciplinarian his name was justiniano aquino cruz he was a tall man lean and long necked with a sharp nose and a body slightly bent forward he used to wear a cinema shirt woven by the deft hands of batangas women he knew by memory the grammars of nibria and ganesa to this add a severity which in my judgment i have made of him which is all i remember later on rizal left benin and went to ateneo municipal the jesuits were considered the best educators of spain and perhaps of europe and so when they were permitted to return to the philippines although their power to administer parishes was restricted except in the remote regions of mindanao the privilege of founding colleges they had to apply to the city of manila for subsidies that is why the college which began to function in the year 1865 was called the attenio municipal to enter the attenio a candidate was subjected to an entrance examination on christian doctrine reading writing grammar and elementary arithmetic jose did not take his entrance examinations jose did not remain in manila but returned first to his town to celebrate the fiesta of its patron saint it was then that his father changed his mind and decided to send him to the ateneo instead since mercado the first surname of the family had come under suspicion of the authorities because it was the name used by pachano when he was studying and working with father burgos in whose house he lived jose adopted the second surname rizal the jesuitical system of instruction was considered more advanced than that of other colleges in that epoch its discipline was rigid and its methods less mechanical it introduced physical culture as part of its program as well as the cultivation of the arts such as music drawing and painting it also establishes vocational courses in agriculture commerce and mechanics as a religious institute its principal purpose was to mold the character and the will of the boys to comply more easily with the percepts of the church the students heard mass before the beginning of the class which was opened and closed with prayers in the first two terms the classes were divided into groups of interns and externs the first constituted the roman empire and the second the carthaginian empire in each empire there were five dignitaries emperor tribune decurian centurion and standard bearer these dignities were won by means of individual competitions in which it was necessary to catch one's adversary in error three times the empires considered themselves in perpetual warfare and when an individual of one empire was caught in error by one belonging to the enemy empire a point was counted in favor of the latter at the end of each week or two the points in favor of each were added in the empire which obtained more point was declared winner there was a fraternity of mary and saint louis gonzaga to which only those who distinguish themselves in the class for their piety and diligence could belong this fraternity met on sundays and after mass held public programmes in which poems were recited or debates were held with all these inducements it was only natural that should be a spirit of emulation a striving to surpass one's colleagues found in the ateneo rizal really enjoyed his time in a teneo which in his memoirs he would say that his glory days was his time with his jesuit professors about that time he devoted himself to reading novels and one of those he enjoyed most was dumat father the count of monte cristo the sufferings of the hero of the 12 years he also asked his father to buy him a copy of the universal history by cesar cantanu and according to himself he profited much from its perusal the family who saw in jose great aptitude for study decided to place him as internal boarding student in the college the following year in the corner of the dormitory facing the sea and the pier jose passed his two years of internship in the fourth year of his course he had father francisco sanchez as professor jose describes him as a model of rectitude a solicitude and love for the student and he's studied mathematics rhetoric and greek and he must have progressed much for at the end of the year he obtained five medals which pleased him immensely because with him i could repay my father somewhat for his sacrifices he also devoted time to painting and sculpture in drawing and painting he was under the guidance and direction of the attennio professor the peninsula don augustin syez who honored him with his affection and consideration because of his progress in sculpture his instructor was a filipino romuldo de jesus who felt proud in the last years of his life of having had such an excellent pupil jose rizal having completed his bachelor in artes at the attenio municipal was now eligible for higher education at a university his mother donator had second thoughts about sending her son to school because of the previous incident involving the execution of fry's gomes burgos and zamora however it was don francisco who decided his son should to the university of santo tomas a prestigious institution run by the dominican order dot on april 1877 rizal enrolled in us taking the course on philosophy and letters rizal upon entering the university was not certain which course of study he wanted to pursue the jesuit priests who had been his former mentors had advised him to take up farming or to join the order and be a man of the cloth however his tastes went towards law literature or medicine in the end he decided to sign up for philosophy and letters during his freshman year because of the following reasons it was what his father would have wanted for him he had failed to seek the advice of the rector of the attenio father ramon pablo as part of the course he had to complete units in the following subjects cosmology and metaphysics theodicy history of philosophy his report card was very impressive after completing his first year rizal decided to take up medicine as his university course this change of heart was due to two factors father ramon pablo director of the attenio had advised him to pursue the course rizal's mother had failing eyesight and he thought he owed it to her to become a doctor and cure her condition rizal's performance at the university of santo tomas was not as excellent as his time at the ateneo his grades after shifting to medicine had suffered as well he frequently visited a teneo and continued to participate actively in the ateneo's extracurricular activities he was the president of the academy of spanish literature and then secretary of the academy of natural sciences when rizal was a freshman medical student at the university of santo tomas he got his first taste of spanish brutality one dark night in calamba during his summer vacation in 1880 he was walking in the street he dimly perceived the figure of a man while passing him not knowing the person due to darkness he did not salute or say a courteous good evening the vade figure was a lieutenant of the guardian civil with a snarl he turned upon rizal whipped out a sword and brutally slashed the later on the back the wound was not serious but it was painful when he recovered rizal reported the incident to general primo de rivera the spanish governor general of the philippines at that time but nothing came out of his complaint because he was an indio and the abusive lieutenant was a spaniard in a letter to blumentritt dated march 21 1887 he related i went to the captain general but i could not obtain any justice my wound lasted two weeks unfortunately rizal was not happy at austin this reflected on his grades zayd and zaid 1999. there were three main factors that contributed to his unhappiness at the university namely the dominican professors were hostile to him filipino students suffered discrimination the method of instruction at us was obsolete and repressive despite having a poor performance in the academic rizal was productive in the literary side of things he wrote two major works to the filipino youth arla juventud filipina 1879 which he submitted in a literary contest in artistic literary lyceum and the council of gods el consejo de los dioses 1880 which was rizal's entry to the artistic literary lyceum when they opened another literary contest to commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of the spain's glorified man of letters and famous writer of don cahote cervantes rizal was 18 years old when he submitted his poem entitled darla juventud filipina to the filipino youth and he won the first prize a feather-shaped gold-ribbon decorated silver pen rizal also won the first prize for his council of gods he received a gold ring engraved with buster cervantes in these early literary works rizal already shown some spark of nationalism in them which would eventually develop more later in his life the boy jose always distinguished himself in class and succeeded in surpassing many of his older classmates in his stotomas days he was the champion of filipino students there were frequent student brawls between the filipinos and the spaniards and rizal would always lead the filipino students against the spaniards in 1880 he founded companerismo comradeship a secret society of filipino art students the members were called companions of jihu he was the chief of the society his cousin galicano apisable was the secretary in one of the skirmishes rizelle was wounded on the head his friends brought him to casa tomasina where leonardo rivera took care of him rizal did not finish his schooling and asked for he believed that he cannot learn anything from such hostile and environment prompted by his brother and his curiosity to see the world rizal decided to finish his studies abroad rizal decided to study in spain after finishing the fourth year of his medical course the following are facsimiles of the memoirs [Music] to foretell the destiny of a nation it is necessary to open the book that tells of her past dr jose protagio rizal mercado why alonso real under thank you