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Understanding Security Logs and SIEM
Dec 29, 2024
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Lecture Notes: Security-Related Information in Log Files
Overview
Log files store extensive security-related information on servers, devices, and network components.
Logs include blocked/allowed traffic flows, exploit attempts, URL categories, and DNS sinkhole traffic.
Firewall Logs
Firewalls monitor internal and external traffic, providing:
Source and destination IP addresses
Port numbers
Traffic flow disposition (allowed or blocked)
Application information (Next-Generation Firewalls)
URL categories and anomalies
Each traffic flow records time, date, source IP, destination IP, and application used.
Application Logs
Applications generate useful logs for security analysis:
Windows Event Viewer (Application log section)
Linux/macOS logs (e.g.,
/var/log
)
Logs are often consolidated into a Security Information and Event Manager (SIEM).
Endpoint Device Logs
Laptops, desktops, phones, and tablets contain detailed logs:
Login/logout events
System events and running processes
Device management (password changes, lockouts)
Directory services
Endpoint logs are also integrated into SIEM for correlation with network data.
Operating System Logs
OS logs track security events:
Application monitoring
Brute force attacks
Changes to system files
Authentication events
Intrusion Prevention/Detection Systems (IPS/IDS)
IPS/IDS often integrated into Next-Generation Firewalls.
Logs show known vulnerabilities and attack types (e.g., SYN flood attacks).
Network Infrastructure Device Logs
Devices like switches, routers, and access points log:
Routing table changes
Authentication errors
Attack identifications (e.g., TCP SYN attacks)
Metadata in Files
Documents and emails contain metadata providing:
Email headers, sender/receiver info
Device details in photos (e.g., GPS)
Document creator details
Vulnerability Scans
Scans create logs identifying security issues:
Missing firewalls or antivirus
Misconfigurations (e.g., open shares)
Outdated or vulnerable systems/applications
SIEM Reports and Dashboards
SIEM automates report generation on security data.
Dashboards provide a quick, customizable view of security status.
Network Packet Analysis
Tools like Wireshark capture detailed packet-level data.
Analyzes traffic flows and network security issues.
Conclusion
Extensive security log data is collected across systems.
SIEM is crucial for filtering and correlating important security information.
Efficient report generation and dashboard views aid security management.
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