Malware Overview

Definition

• Malware: Software installed on a system designed to be malicious.
  • Can gather keystrokes (keylogger).
  • Can turn the computer into part of a botnet.
  • Can display constant advertising (adware).
  • Can encrypt data (ransomware).

Types of Malware

• Viruses: Requires user action to install.
• Ransomware: Encrypts data and demands ransom.
• Worms: Spread between systems without user intervention.
• Trojan Horses: Disguised as legitimate software.
• Rootkits: Hard to detect and remove once installed.
• Keyloggers: Monitor and store keystrokes.
• Adware/Spyware: Display ads or track internet usage.
• Botnets: Malware that allows third-party control over the computer.

Infection Methods

• Worms: Exploit vulnerabilities without user intervention.
• Email Links: Clicking on malicious links.
• Pop-ups: Clicking on pop-up ads.
• Drive-by Downloads: Automatic downloads from visiting websites.

Prevention

• Updates: Keep operating systems and applications up to date.
  • Use update processes within the operating system.
  • Check manufacturers’ websites for software patches.

Ransomware Details

• Encrypts personal files (documents, images, etc.).
• Displays a ransom message with a deadline.
• Often uses public key cryptography, making decryption without the key difficult.
• Usually requires payment in cryptocurrency to obtain the decryption key.