Hi, Great TEN Learners! This is Teacher Lester aka Zurnles and I welcome you all to this roller coaster like adventure in learning MAPE. For today's video, we will be talking about the latest history of the music of the world. This is actually discussed in the first quarter of your module.
So what are you waiting for? Let's get this video started. Learners, our lesson for today is entitled Music of the 20th Century.
And for us to be guided with the discussion for today, let us consider the following learning competencies. The learner describes distinct musical elements of given pieces in 20th century styles. The learner explains the performance practice of 20th century music.
The learner performs music samples from the 20th century. And the learner evaluates music and music performances using guided rubrics. And now, let us explore the salient features of the music of the 20th century. It says here that the start of the 20th century saw the rise of distinct musical styles that reflected a move away from the conventions of earlier Western classical music. There were movements in the 20th century that reflected the rise of distinct musical styles that reflected a move away from the conventions of earlier Western classical music.
that influence its music. Here are the new styles of the 20th century music. First is Impressionism.
Second is Expressionism. Third is Neoclassicism. Fourth is Avant-Garde and the last one is Modern Nationalism. In your module, the first two which are Impressionism and Expressionism are emphasized but in this discussion, we will be including Neoclassicism, Avant-Garde and Modern Nationalism type of music as well. So let us first discuss about Impressionism.
Impressionism is based on the art movement started by 19th century Paris based visual artist, specifically Claude Monet, through his painting Impression Sunrise. There was an extensive use of different timbre and effects, vague melodies, and innovative chords. Impressionism is resulting in an untraditional harmonic order and resolution. Here is the painting of Claude Monet, which the word impressionism was coined from. The title of the painting was impression sunrise and as you can see the brush strokes is clearly defined it means that the colors are not so well mixed this big way of representing subjects can give the viewer an impression that the Sun is rising that's the origin of the word impressionism one of the primary exponents of impressionism or impressionistic movement was Claude Debussy.
He was born in the year 1862 and died in the year 1918. Claude Debussy was one of the most important and influential 20th century composers. He was the primary exponent of the Impressionist movement. He changed the course of musical development by evolving traditional rules and conventions into a new language of possibilities in harmony with rhythm. rhythm, form, texture, and color.
Claude Debussy was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, on August 22, 1862. His early musical talents were channeled into piano lessons, and he entered Paris Conservatory in 1873. He added other system of musical composition. In 1884, he won the top prize at the Prix de Rome with his composition, Le Front Protégé de Sainte-Croix, or Le Prodigal Saint-Germain. son. His musical composition total more or less 227 which include orchestral music, chamber music, piano music, operas, ballets, songs and other vocal music.
Debussy highly admired the music of Franz Liszt, Frederic Chopin, Johann Sebastian Bach, G. C. P. Verdi and Richard Warner. He was fascinated by the Javanese gamelan that he heard at the 1889 Paris Exposition which later used in his works to achieve new sound. Claude Debussy was named as the father of the modern school of composition. One of his famous composition are Clair de Lune and L'Amour.
spent the remaining years of his life as a critic, composer, and performer. He died of cancer in Paris on March 25, 1918. Another primary exponent of impressionism was Maurice Ravel. He was born in the year 1875 and died in the year 1937. He was born in Cibor, France. He entered the Paris Conservatory at the age of 14. During his stint with the school where he stayed until his early 20s, he composed a number of masterpieces. His composition style is mainly characterized by its unique innovative but not autumnal style of harmonic treatment.
Ravel was a perfectionist and every beat a musical craftsman. A strong advocate of Russian music, he also admired the music of Chopin, Liszt and Schubert. Totalling approximately 60 pieces for piano, chamber music, ballet and operas are his works.
One of his pieces is the Bolero which is very popular until today. He died in Paris in 1937. Let us now proceed to the second style of the 20th century music which is Expressionism. The term Expressionism was probably first applied to music in 1918 especially to Arnold Schoenberg.
The emotions of the music are taken to the extreme, leading to disturbing, unsettling, and sometimes violent. Lacking stable and conventional harmonies, and it served as a medium of expressing extreme emotions such as anxiety and rage. An exponent of Expressionism was Arnold Schoenberg.
He was born in the year 1874 and died in the year 1951. He was born in Vienna, Austria. He taught himself music theory. and he was influenced by Richard Warner. His works include Pellias and Nalisande, three pieces of piano, Verklagenach, and he composed approximately 213 musical compositions. compositions including concerti, orchestral music, and other instrumental music.
One important composition or characteristic of Expressionism is Primitivism. This is another style that was born because of Expressionism. It is a word that describes the condition or quality that belongs to something crude and unrefined.
In its purest form, Primitivism combines two familiar or simple ideas together creating new sounds. Another exponent of Expressionism was Igor Stravinsky. He was born in the year 1882 and died in the year 1971. We can say that Igor Stravinsky was one of the greatest trendsetter of the 20th century. He was born in Oranienburg, Lomonosov, Russia. He was influenced by his teacher, composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.
His first successful masterpiece was the Firebird Swides in 1910. Other outstanding work of him was the ballet Petrushka. Bela Bartok was another proponent for the movement or musical style expressionism. He was born in the year 1881 and died in the year 1945. He was born in Hungary, now Romania, on March 25, 1881 to musical parents.
He started music lessons with his mother and later entered Budapest Royal Academy of Music in 1899. His first nationalistic poem was Gosuth in 1903. In 1906, he published his first collection of 20 Hungarian folk songs. His compositions were successful because of their rich melodies and lively rhythms. Béla Bartók is famous for his six string quartets. This represents the greatest achievement of his creative life, spanning a full 30 years for their completion. Bartok's approximately 700 musical compositions include concerti, orchestral music, piano music, and songs.
Now, class, let us proceed to the third, earlier musical style of the 20th century music, which was neoclassicism. It was a partial return to a classical form of writing music with carefully modulated music. ...modulated dissonances. It also adopted the modern, freer use of the seven-tone diatonic scale. Sergei Prokofiev was one of the prominent composers of this type of style.
He was born in 18- 1991 and died in the year 1953. Sergei Prokofiev is regarded today as a combination of a neoclassicist, nationalist, and avant-garde composer. His style is uniquely recognizable. for its progressive technique. Born in Ukraine in 1891, he set out for the St. Petersburg Conservatory. Equipped with his great talent as a composer and pianist, his contact with Diaghilev and Stravinsky gave him the chance to write music for the ballet and opera, notably the ballet Romeo and Juliet and War and Peace.
He also wrote Peter and the Wolf, a light-hearted orchestral work in the for children, Prokofiev was highly successful in his piano music. His musical composition include concerti, chamber music, film scores, operas, and ballets. And he died in Moscow on March 15, 1953. Another prominent composer for neoclassicism style of music was Francis Jean Marcel Pollet. He was born in the year 1898. and died in the year 1963. He was one of few composers born into wealth and privileged social position, member of the group of young French composers known as Les Six, and he rejected the heavy romanticism of Wanner and the so-called impression of Debussy and Ravel.
His composition had a coolly elegant modernity sense of proportion. His compositions include Concert Chapitre, the concerto for two pianos, which combines the classical touches of Mozart and Ravel, concerto for solo piano written for the Boston Symphony Orchestra. His musical composition totaled around 185, which includes solo piano works as well as local solo. He died in Paris on January 30, 1963. The fourth early musical style of the 20th century. was avant-garde music.
Closely associated with electronic music, it made use of variations of self-contained note groups to change musical continuity and improvisation. The absence of traditional rules on harmony, melody, and rhythm. Another prominent composer of the music of the 20th century and an advocate of avant-garde type of music was George Gershwin and he was born in in the year 1898 and died in the year 1937. George Dershwin was born in New York to Russian Jewish immigrants.
His older brother Ira was his artistic collaborator who wrote the lyrics of his songs. His first song was written in 1916 and his first Broadway musical, La La La Sille, in 1919. He also composed Rhapsody in Blue and An American in Paris, which incorporated jazz rhythm. rhythms with classical form. His opera Porgy and Bess remains to this day the only American opera to be included in the established repertory of this genre.
Gershwin was more fascinated with classical music and he was influenced by Ravel, Stravinsky, Berg and Schoenberg, considered the father of American jazz. Another composer for Avant Garde was Leonard Bernstein. He was born in the year 1918 and died in the year 1990. He was born in Massachusetts, USA. He was known as charismatic conductor, pianist, and composer. His big break came when he was asked to substitute for the ailing Bruno Walter in conducting the New York Philharmonic Orchestra in a concert in 1943. He received pre-eminence in two fields, conducting and composing for Broadway musicals.
dance shows and concert music. He was best known for his composition for West Side Story, an American adaptation of Romeo and Juliet. And lastly, one of the prominent composers of the music of the 20th century was Philip Glass and he was born in the year 1937 and surprisingly, he's still alive until today and he's also an advocate of avant-garde type of music. Philip was born in New York.
USA and he became a complete violinist and flutist at the age of 15. He formed the Philip Glass Ensemble and produced works such as music in similar motion and music in changing parts which rock type groove at extreme volumes. And he produced a 4-hour opera, Einstein on the Beach, an instant sell-out at the New York Metropolitan Opera House. And we also have the last one, The Modern Nightmare.
nationalism, which was not included in the slide, but this is a looser form of 20th century music development focused on nationalist composers and musical innovators who sought to combine modern techniques with folk materials. Some of the composers that adopted this kind of style was the Hungarian Béla Bartók and the Russian Sergey Prokofiev. So that's all for the earlier styles of the music of the 20th century.
And now let's proceed to the... the new musical styles of the 20th century or we call them as the 20th century musical styles. These are the electronic music and jazz music. Electronic music is the type of music produced by electronic machines such as synthesizers, amplifiers, tape recorders, and loudspeakers to create different sounds. It was given importance by 20th century composers like Edgar Verri, Carlinz, Stockhausen, and Mario Davidovsky.
Thank you. Here is an important term when we consider electronic music, which is called music concrete or in English, concrete music. The composer records different sounds that are heard in the environment and these sounds are arranged by the composer in different ways.
So the noises or the sounds coming from the environment can also be considered now as a part of music. The composer is able to experiment with different sounds that cannot be produced by regular music. instruments such as piano or the violin. Examples of electronic music are Poem electronic by Edgar Veris, Study 2 by Karlins Stockhausen, and Synchronisms No. 5 by Mario Davidovsky. On the other hand, chance music refers to style wherein the piece always sounds different at every performance because of the random techniques of production including the use of re-modulators or notes.
elements that become a part of the music. The combination of external sounds like honking cars, rustling leaves, blowing wind, dripping water, or a ringing phone cannot be duplicated as each happens by chance. An example of this is the 4 minutes and 33 seconds by John Cage.
So what happens here? The pianist merely opens the piano lead and keeps silent for the duration of the piece. So he will not do anything.
The audience hears a variety of noises inside and outside the hall amidst the same silence. So the noises that can be heard from the environment is already the composition or shall we say the music of John Cage which is entitled 4 minutes and 33 seconds. So for your performance task in today's discussion, what can you do? You perform an experiment creating 20 eccentricities.
your music system. Choose one from the activities below. So you choose from number one, chance music, or are you going to do electronic music? You submit your output through Google Classroom. So that's all for today's discussion class and thank you so much for listening.
I hope that you enjoyed this roller coaster ride. It seems to be difficult for you to understand the concepts but I just hope that this video will lessen your... burden and this will help you to be informed enough with the knowledge of the 20th century. And of course, thank you again for listening.
If you are new to my channel, don't forget to subscribe and hit notification bell for you to be updated of new uploaded videos. Goodbye class and see you all in the next discussion. This is Teacher Lester saying, let's dream and let it happen.
Goodbye, great test students.