AP World History Modern Speed Review

Introduction

• Covering entire AP World History Modern course
• Reference: Speed review sheet
• Focus: Highlight what you don't remember and check off what you do
• Time periods: 1200 to present

Unit 1: Global Tapestry (1200-1450)

East Asia

• Song Dynasty: Neo-Confucianism, civil service exam, Buddhism
• Food: Abundant (Champa rice)
• Spread: Korea and Japan

Dar al-Islam

• Post-Abbasids: Caliphate system ends
• New powers: Sultanates
• Contributions: Math, science, medicine
• Focus: Dar al-Islam and East Asia

South and Southeast Asia

• Influences: Buddhism, Hinduism
• Special: Sufism (mystical branch of Islam)

Americas

• Empires: Incas and Aztecs
• Inca: Power via roads, mit'a labor system
• Aztec: Power via human sacrifice, chinampas (lake farms)

Africa and Europe

• Africa: Mali (trans-Saharan trade), Great Zimbabwe, Swahili coast
• Europe: Feudalism, manorial system (decentralized government)

Unit 2: Networks of Exchange (1200-1450)

Trade Routes

• Silk Road: East-West connection, luxury goods (silk, porcelain), banking houses, flying cash
• Indian Ocean Trade: Maritime Silk Road, luxury goods, technology
  • Key Terms: Diaspora, Admiral Zheng He, monsoon winds
• Trans-Saharan Trade: Connects Dar al-Islam to sub-Saharan Africa, trade (salt, gold), spread of Islam
  • Key Figures: Ibn Battuta, Mansa Musa

Consequences of Trade

• Environmental: Bubonic plague, Champa rice, citrus fruits
• Cultural: Spread of religions (Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam), travelers (Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta)
• Technological: Gunpowder, algebra, compass

Mongols

• Empires: Khanates
• Roles: Expedite spread of ideas, technology, diseases

Unit 3: Land-based Empires (1450-1750)

Key Empires

• Manchus: Final Chinese Empire, continuity (neo-Confucianism, civil service exam), queue haircut, banner system
• Ottomans: Capture Constantinople (1453), Sunni Muslim, devshirme (janissaries), tax farming
• Mughals: Islamic, ruling Hindu majority, Akbar the Great (religious tolerance, Taj Mahal)
• Safavids: Shia Empire, conflicts with Ottomans and Mughals

Additional Empires

• Songhai: Succeed Mali as West African powerhouse
• Tokugawa Japan: Shogunate, sakoku (closed country)
• Aztecs and Incas: Previously covered in Unit 1

Belief Systems

• Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther, church reforms
• Sikhism: Guru Nanak, blend of Hinduism and Islam

Unit 4: Maritime Empires (1450-1750)

Exploration and Technology

• Inventions: Portuguese and Spanish caravels, Dutch fluyts, Islamic astrolabe, Chinese compass, lateen sails, wind knowledge

Key Maritime Empires

• Portuguese: Prince Henry, circumnavigate Africa, Brazil, India, Spice Islands, start transatlantic slave trade
• Spanish: Viceroyalties, encomienda system, cash crops, mining (Potosi), spread Catholicism

Concepts

• Trading Post Empires: Establish small posts for trade
• Joint-Stock Companies: British East India Trading Company, Dutch VOC
• Columbian Exchange: Exchange plants, animals, diseases
• Resistance: Indigenous revolts, escaping enslaved individuals, local uprisings (Marathas, Cossacks, Tokugawa Japan)
• Social Changes: Casta system in New World, changes in Africa and Americas due to the slave trade

Unit 5: Revolutions (1750-1900)

Political Revolutions

• Influences: Enlightenment (natural rights)
• Examples: American (taxation), French (absolute monarchy), Haitian (slave revolt), Latin American (Bolivar)
• Key Concept: Nationalism (nation governs itself)

Industrial Revolution

• Origins: Britain, resources, capital, urban areas
• Spread: USA, Europe
• Technology: Steam engine, internal combustion engine, railroads, telegraph
• Consequences: Decline in Asia, Meiji Restoration, self-strengthening in China

Economic Changes

• Capitalism: Adam Smith, laissez-faire policies
• Companies: Unilever, HSBC
• Social Changes: Push for women's rights, Karl Marx (worker uprising)

Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization (1750-1900)

Imperialism

• Expansion Motivation: Racism, civilizing missions, economic (raw materials, markets)
• Key Traits: Settler colonies, significant expansions by Americans, British, Japanese, Russians, French

Key Events

• Berlin Conference: Divide Africa
• Sepoy Mutiny: Transition to British Raj
• China: Opium Wars, Taiping Rebellion, Sino-Japanese Wars, Boxer Rebellion
• Economic Domination: Without physical takeover
• Export Economies: Focus on specific goods (cotton, rubber, palm oil)

Resistance Movements

• Revolts: Sepoy Mutiny, Tupac Amaru, Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement
• Migration: Industrialization causes growth in cities, diverse migration for jobs

Unit 7: Global Conflict (1900-present)

Revolutions and Wars

• End of Empires: Qing, Russian, Ottoman
• World War I: Causes (imperialism, alliances, nationalism)
  • Key Points: Total war, propaganda, new military tactics (machine guns, gas, tanks, Zeppelins)
• Interwar Period: Great Depression, growing empires, rise of dictatorships
• World War II: Causes (aggression of totalitarian states), total war, new tactics (firebombing, atomic bombs)

Atrocities

• Holocaust: Largest atrocity
• Other Examples: Armenian Genocide, Cambodian Genocide

Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization (1945-1991)

Cold War

• Divides: Ideological split (USA vs USSR)
• Alliances: NATO, Warsaw Pact, Non-Aligned Movement
• Proxy Wars: Vietnam, Afghanistan
• China: Communist under Mao Zedong, Great Leap Forward
• End: Collapse of USSR in 1991, economic/military struggles

Decolonization

• Methods: Non-violence (Gandhi, Nkrumah), violence (Algeria, Vietnam)
• Conflicts: New borders, economic growth in Tanzania, Egypt, India

Unit 9: Globalization (1900-present)

Technology and Culture

• Advances: Planes, radio, cell phones, container ships, petroleum, nuclear, solar, wind
• Medical: Birth control, Green Revolution, antibiotics, vaccines
  • Challenges: Diseases like Alzheimer's, HIV/AIDS, pandemics
• Environmental Impact: Climate change from greenhouse gases

Economic and Cultural Changes

• Economics: Free market policies, regional trade networks (NAFTA, ASEAN)
• Culture: Global influence of Bollywood, World Cup
• Global Institutions: UN, maintain international peace

Conclusion

• Check speed review sheet
• Additional content available on the YouTube channel and ultimate review packet
• Good luck on the exam!