The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Introduction

• This chapter of history is for Class 10.
• Nationalism in Europe changed the world.
• It explains the need to study the rise of nationalism from a European perspective.

Euro-Centric Perspective

• Understanding the Euro-centric perspective of history written by Europeans.
• Focus on how nationalism emerged and how countries gained independence.

Painting by Friedrich Sorrieu

• Friedrich Sorrieu's painting 'The Dream of Worldwide Democratic and Social Republics'.
• Depicts people paying homage to the Statue of Liberty.
• Shows scattered remnants of absolutist symbols.

Spirit of Nationalism

• Political and mental changes due to nationalism in Europe.
• Rise of nation-states replacing multinational dynastic empires.

Concept of Modern State

• Relationship between modern state and nation-state.
• Discussion about industrialization and development of modern state.

Formation of Nation-State

• Importance of struggle and leadership in forming nation-states.
• Historical perspective on the development of nationalist spirit.

French Revolution and the Idea of Nation

• Impact of the French Revolution on nationalism.
• Steps taken for the development of collective identity.

Steps to Foster Nationality

• The idea of La Patrie and Le Citoyen.
• New form of French flag, national anthem, and uniform laws.
• Abolition of internal custom duties.

Effect of French Armies

• Spread of revolutionary ideas in other countries under Napoleon by French armies.
• Promotion of liberty through the Charter of Citizens' Rights.

Napoleonic Code

• 1804 Civil Code and its impact.
• Principles of equality and property rights.

Political Situation in Europe

• Rise of conservative regimes in Europe after 1815.
• Vienna Treaty and changes under it.

Age of Revolution (1830-1848)

• July Revolution in France and its effects.
• Struggle for independence in Belgium and Greece.

Romanticism and National Sentiment

• Promotion of nationalism through culture, art, and music.
• Importance of vernacular languages.

Unification of Germany and Italy

• Process of nation-state formation in Germany and Italy.
• Contribution of army and political leadership.

Britain's Unique Case

• Formation of a national state in Britain without revolution.
• Contribution of the Act of Union.

Visual Representation of Nation

• Use of allegory to give visual form to the nation.
• France's Marianne and Germany's Germania.

Nationalism and Imperialism

• Idea of nationalism and its growing imperialistic impact.
• National struggle in the Balkan region and the First World War.

Conclusion

• Impact of various ideologies during the rise of nationalism in Europe.
• Relationship between imperialism and nationalism.