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Overview of The Indian Partnership Act, 1932

Apr 23, 2025

Notes on The Indian Partnership Act, 1932

Overview

  • Act Number: 9 of 1932
  • Enacted on: 8th April 1932
  • Purpose: To define and amend the law relating to partnerships in India.
  • Commencement: Effective from 1st October 1932, except Section 69 effective from 1st October 1933.

Chapter I: Preliminary

  • Section 1: Short title, extent, and commencement of the Act.
  • Section 2: Definitions of key terms like "act of a firm," "business," "third party," etc.
  • Section 3: Application of provisions of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 to partnerships.

Chapter II: The Nature of Partnership

  • Section 4: Defines partnership, partners, firm, and firm name.
  • Section 5: Partnership arises from contract, not from status.
  • Section 6: How to determine the existence of a partnership.
  • Section 7: Partnership at will - no fixed duration.
  • Section 8: Particular partnership - limited to specific ventures.

Chapter III: Relations of Partners to One Another

  • Section 9: General duties of partners.
  • Section 10: Duty to indemnify for loss caused by fraud.
  • Section 11: Rights and duties can be defined by contract.
  • Section 12: Conduct of business managed by mutual agreement.
  • Section 13: Mutual rights and liabilities.
  • Section 14 to 17: Property of the firm, application of property, personal profits, and changes in the firm.

Chapter IV: Relations of Partners to Third Parties

  • Section 18: Partner as an agent of the firm.
  • Section 19 to 21: Implied authority and extension or restriction of authority.
  • Section 22 to 24: Binding acts, admissions, and notices effective to the firm.
  • Section 25 to 30: Liabilities of partners, transfer of interest, and minors' involvement.

Chapter V: Incoming and Outgoing Partners

  • Section 31 to 32: Introduction and retirement of a partner.
  • Section 33: Expulsion of a partner.
  • Section 34 to 38: Insolvency, liability of deceased partner's estate, competitive business post-exit, and guarantee revocation.

Chapter VI: Dissolution of a Firm

  • Section 39: Definition of dissolution.
  • Section 40 to 44: Methods of dissolution - by agreement, compulsory, contingencies, court.
  • Section 45 to 51: Post-dissolution liabilities, rights, and settlement of accounts.
  • Section 52 to 55: Rescinded partnerships, use of firm name, and goodwill sale.

Chapter VII: Registration of Firms

  • Section 56 to 59: Exemptions, registrar appointments, application for registration.
  • Section 60 to 65: Recording alterations, changes, dissolution, and rectifications.
  • Section 66 to 69: Register inspection, effect of non-registration.

Chapter VIII: Supplemental

  • Section 72: Mode of giving public notice.
  • Section 74: Savings clause ensuring prior rights and obligations are unaffected by the Act.

Schedules

  • Schedule I: Details on maximum fees related to the filing and inspection of partnership documents.

State Amendments

  • Notable amendments in different states like Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and others, which adjust fees, registration processes, and specific provisions of the Act.

Important Notes:

  • Partnership requires consensus and mutual agreement for introduction or retirement of partners.
  • Rights and liabilities are significantly influenced by the registration status of the firm.
  • Partners act as agents and have certain implied authorities unless restricted by agreement.
  • Dissolution procedures and the rights of outgoing partners are well-defined, ensuring fair settlement.
  • Registration processes include detailed steps and required forms/documents, with variations across states.