Lecture Notes on File Handling and Streams

Introduction

• Study of file handling and streams
• Using standard input and output

Standard Input and Output

• Input: Data received from the keyboard
• Output: Data displayed on the monitor
• Data is temporary, if the program exits, the data is not saved.

Purpose of File Handling

• To store data permanently on the hard disk as a file.
• fstream header file is used for file handling.

Streams

• Meaning of streams: Interface between input/output devices and programs.
• Data is processed in the form of a sequence of bytes.

C++ Stream Classes

• istream and ostream classes:
  • cin: To receive input
  • cout: To display output

Use of Streams in File Handling

• ifstream is used to read data from a file.
• ofstream is used to write data to a file.
• fstream: For both reading and writing to a file.

Interface of Stream and File

• Input and output streams are used for files.
• Utilizing streams is essential to permanently save data to a file.

Purpose of the Program

• To take data directly from the keyboard and write it to a file.
• To store data permanently in a file from the program.

Main Classes

• ifstream (for input streams)
• ofstream (for output streams)
• fstream (for both input and output)

Conclusion

• Further activities will include more information and experiments on file handling.
• For more information, visit EasyTutsForYou.com.

Note: These notes cover the main points of the lecture related to file handling and streams.