Lecture Notes: Muscles of the Hip and Thigh

Introduction

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Overview of what will be covered:
- Muscles of the hip: anterior hip muscles and posterior hip muscles (gluteal muscles)
- Muscles of the thigh: anterior, medial, and posterior compartments
- Clinical notes regarding hip and thigh muscles.

Psoas Major
- Origin: bodies of vertebrae T12 to L4, costal processes of L1 to L5.
- Innervation: femoral nerve, lumbar plexus.
- Blood supply: iliolumbar artery, medial femoral circumflex artery.
Iliacus
- Origin: iliac fossa.
- Often combined with psoas major as the iliopsoas muscle.
- Innervation: femoral nerve.
Psoas Minor
- Often absent in 40-70% of people.
- Innervation: lumbar plexus if present.
Function: Powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint.

Gluteus Maximus
- Famous for defining the buttocks.
- Origin: ilium, sacrum, coccyx.
- Insertion: gluteal tuberosity, iliotibial tract.
- Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve.
Gluteus Medius
- Origin: gluteal surface of ilium.
- Insertion: greater trochanter.
Gluteus Minimus
- Origin: gluteal surface of ilium.
- Insertion: greater trochanter.
Tensor Fasciae Latae
- Origin: anterior superior iliac line.
- Insertion: iliotibial tract.
Function: Extension, abduction, rotation of thigh; stabilizing pelvis.
Blood supply: superior and inferior gluteal arteries.

Piriformis
- Origin: pelvic surface of sacrum.
- Insertion: greater trochanter.
Obturator Internus
- Origin: obturator membrane.
- Insertion: greater trochanter, trochanteric fossa.
Gemellus Superior and Inferior
- Origins: ischial spine, tuberosity of ischium.
- Insertions: greater trochanter.
Quadratus Femoris
- Origin: tuberosity of ischium.
- Insertion: intertrochanteric crest.
Function: Lateral rotation of thigh.
Innervation: sacral plexus.
Blood supply: superior and inferior gluteal arteries.

Sartorius
- Longest muscle in the body.
- Origin: anterior superior iliac spine.
- Insertion: medial surface of tibia.
Quadriceps Femoris
- Consists of: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis.
- Common insertion: quadriceps tendon.
Function: Extension of leg at knee joint.
Innervation: femoral nerve.
Blood supply: femoral artery, deep femoral artery.

Obturator Externus
- Origin: obturator foramen.
- Insertion: trochanteric fossa.
Pectineus
- Origin: iliopubic eminence.
- Insertion: linea aspera femoris, pectineal line.
Gracilis
- Origin: inferior pubic ramus.
- Insertion: proximal medial tibia.
Adductors (Brevis, Longus, Magnus, Minimus)
- Origin: pubic and ischial regions.
- Insertion: various points on linea aspera femoris.
Function: Adduction, flexion, rotation of thigh.
Innervation: obturator nerve.
Blood supply: obturator artery, deep femoral artery.

Biceps Femoris
- Origin: sacrotuberous ligament, linea aspera femoris, tuberosity of ischium.
- Insertion: head of fibula.
Semitendinosus
- Origin: tuberosity of ischium.
- Insertion: proximal tibia.
Semimembranosus
- Origin: tuberosity of ischium.
- Insertion: medial tibia, oblique popliteal ligament.
Function: Flexion of leg at knee, extension of thigh at hip.
Innervation: tibial nerve (part of sciatic nerve).
Blood supply: deep femoral artery.

Pulled Hamstring: Common sports injury, symptoms include pain and swelling. Treatment with RICE, pain medication, and potentially physical therapy.
Exercise Tip: Squats target gluteus maximus, quadriceps femoris, and hamstrings for aesthetic and functional benefits.