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Anatomical Terminology and Regions

Sep 6, 2025

Overview

This lecture provides anatomical terminology and common prefixes essential for identifying body regions and anatomical structures.

Anatomical Regions & Landmarks

  • Acromial refers to the shoulder area.
  • Abdominal describes the abdomen region.
  • Antebrachial is the forearm.
  • Antecubital means elbow bends (front of elbow).
  • Axillary denotes the armpit.
  • Brachial indicates the arm.
  • Buccal means cheek.
  • Calcaneal refers to the heel.
  • Carpal describes the wrist.
  • Cephalic is the head.
  • Cervical refers to the neck.
  • Coxal is the hip.
  • Cranial means skull.
  • Crural refers to the shin.
  • Digital indicates fingers and toes.
  • Dorsal is the back.
  • Dorsum is the back of the hand or top of the foot.
  • Facial refers to face bones.
  • Femoral indicates thighs.
  • Frontal refers to the forehead.
  • Fibular is the lateral lower leg.
  • Gluteal is the buttocks.
  • Hallux is the big toe.
  • Inguinal is the groin area.
  • Labia refers to lips.
  • Lumbar is the lower back (last 5 vertebrae).
  • Mammary refers to the breast.
  • Manual means hand.
  • Mental is the chin.
  • Nasal means nose.
  • Occipital is the back of the head.
  • Olecranal refers to the elbow.
  • Optic, orbital, or ocular means eye.
  • Oral is mouth.
  • Otic is ear.
  • Palmar refers to the palm of the hand.
  • Patellar is the kneecap.
  • Pedal means foot.
  • Pelvic refers to the hip bone region.
  • Perineal is the area between the thighs.
  • Plantar is the sole of the foot.
  • Pollex is the thumb.
  • Popliteal is the back of the knee.
  • Pubic is the front of the hip.
  • Sacral is the area in the back between hips.
  • Scapular means shoulder blades.
  • Sternal refers to the breastbone.
  • Sural is the calf.
  • Tarsal is the ankle.
  • Temporal is the side of the head.
  • Thoracic is the chest region.
  • Umbilical is the belly button area.
  • Vertebral refers to the spine or back bone.

Common Anatomical Prefixes

  • Epi- means above.
  • Hypo- means below or lower than.
  • Sub- means below.
  • Peri- means around.
  • Endo- means more inside/interior.
  • Exo- means more outside/exterior.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Acromial — shoulder
  • Antecubital — front of elbow
  • Brachial — arm
  • Carpal — wrist
  • Cephalic — head
  • Cervical — neck
  • Coxal — hip
  • Crural — shin
  • Femoral — thigh
  • Hallux — big toe
  • Manual — hand
  • Palmar — palm of the hand
  • Patellar — kneecap
  • Pedal — foot
  • Plantar — sole of the foot
  • Pollex — thumb
  • Popliteal — back of the knee
  • Sacral — area between hips
  • Sural — calf
  • Tarsal — ankle
  • Vertebral — spinal column

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review and memorize all anatomical region terms and prefixes for upcoming quizzes or exams.
  • Practice labeling body parts using the terms listed.