okay so let's get goin okay real quickly free movements okay some movement joints have to permit movement boss which structural joint has can have fibers cavity and cartilage and then which structural joint has dense tissues Frank why don't you stick the garbage can between the door it might hold it open a little better okay yeah everyone got that okay okay so we left off on here we went over the structural and the functional classification now we're just going to add a little bit more information between before jumping into them really heavily so I highly recommend you have three colors today traffic light red green yellow I have markers passing around in the bag if you don't have your own so you can grab the markers because it will help you with visual associations okay so fibrous joints what holds them together fibers do they have a cavity part legendas joints what kind of cartilage okay do they have a cavity synovial joints all of the above plus a cavity yep okay sin arthritic is what MP die okay so now we're gonna talk about fibrous joints just an overview fibrous joints depending on which one we talked about and depending on the age of the individual can be sin our anthe arthritic so just depends on the joint in the body and the person really the age of the person so a little kid may have something different than an adult now we're going to go over specific types but this just gives you an overview that when we talk about fibers they're either gonna have no movement or a little bit of movement that cartilaginous joints is the exact same thing depending on what cartilaginous joint we talk about they will either have no movement are a little movement so it's just again specific to the joint in the body not necessarily age with cartilage so both fibers and cartilaginous joints depending on where in the body and potentially age will either be no movement or some movement so what's the only movement we haven't talked about okay and what's the only structural joint I haven't brought up these two are always associated with each other if a joint can freely move then it has to be synovial if I tell you a joint is synovial then what's the movement you got it so super important that you remember the general classification of joints and their movement because that's going to help you narrow it down for specific questions okay so let me get the polling ready you're gonna have another five questions very similar to what we just did just asked a little differently okay I'm not only gonna give you about three minutes for this so you want to make sure you go through them quickly oh and just an FYI f cannot be an answer so the only working with a three so if you're done just double check and make sure all of them went through so what I'm seeing is there's eight people that are missing at least one answer okay held together by fibers and movable freely movable held together by cartilage and then slightly okay okay so fibrous joints held together by fibers no synovial cavity what cheetah types of tissue can we find in fibers joints you got a dense regular and irregular now fibrous is just a big category we're gonna have very specific examples so that packet I handed out to y'all on lost whatever I had at LCL that packet is gonna have the fibrous joint separated so it will follow what we're gonna go over remember it's just about organization there's no incorrect way to organize your material this is just one way to keep it really concise and just on a few pages okay so we're gonna go over three types of fibrous joints the first one we're gonna go over the sutures syndesmosis you might see it called syndesmosis perfectly fine that's singular and then interosseous membrane so we're gonna go over these three types of fibrous joints okay we're gonna start with sutures based on this picture where do we find sutures okay so we find sutures between skulls this one between skull bones think about if you're getting sutures from a doctor they're basically sewing something up and making a scene as basically with sutures are in the skulls their seams between bones now if you look at my picture what color do I have sutures in so what would you say that represents synarthrosis arthritic now this is the thing and kids their skulls still permit movement until they're about sixes so when we talk about sutures being sin arthritic that's referring to the adult skull but in kids it's anthe arthritic until about six what do you know about a baby skull what are they having it fontanelle's they're those soft spots and until those are closed up the skull permits some movement why do you think the skull needs to move for a baby bring breath and then think about right when the baby's coming being born yeah the birth canal so the baby's head needs to be adjustable for but for brain growth because most of the growth occurs in this first two years of life and then so we can move through the canal if it's a natural birth but as the baby develops and grows into a child and to an adult it's going to convert to sin arthritic now the next group it's a little bit confusing because we use two names our one name to describe two separate joints in the body okay the word sin Decimus means a band or a ligament so the words décimo means band are ligament sin means together so a band or ligament holds these joints together if we are talking just about a typical syndesmosis there's no specific name to it we find it at the distal end of the tibia and the fibula the distal edge so is that the end closest to the ankle or closest to the knee ankle so the syndesmosis is basically like a rubber band but it's a ligament that holds the end of your tibia and fibula together since it's like a rubber band if you put a whole thing with markers in a rubber bands they're held together but can you maybe move those markers around inside that bouquet of markers okay that's basically like here it's not freely movable but it has wiggle room back and forth so the syndesmosis at the end of your lower leg allows a little movement so what is the classification anthe arthrosis but we also find a ligament holds your teeth to the bone when we talk about the tooth and bone joints this is also another type of syndesmosis but we refer to these as gum foe sees now what do we call all the pink that surrounds your teeth so yes we call this area the gums do um if you look at a gum Phocis it's a GOM so it kind of sounds like gums so that can kind of help you remember the location so gum folks e's are a type of syndesmosis but they have a very specific location where do we find gampo C's yeah they're your teeth so it's your teeth joints so if you look right here in this picture we see that there is a ligament which is fibers that holds your tooth into the bone now in general do your teeth move no so what would the classification be functionally what is the red tell us syn arthrosis can your teeth move okay what do we do what do we pay a lot of money up to move our teeth yeah orthodontist orthos boned honest his teeth so basically orthodontist manipulate the placement of your teeth in the bone and they do that through braces retainers Invisalign as they move as they put pressure on the teeth the teeth actually wears away bone so if we wanted to move this tooth that way they would put pressure on the tooth right here it would slowly wear on this bone on the side so the tooth would shift to that side and then new bone would form on this side so it's just slight movement to reform at the position of your teeth but we are doing that ourselves so it's not natural so we still consider your teeth to be immovable which is what classification again then our third ik you got it okay now our last fibrous joint is known as an interosseous membrane what is inter tell you yeah and osseous sounds like the this is the membrane between what you got it we only find this in two places in the body we find it between the tibia and fibula and radius and ulna those are the paired bones in your body so lower arm and lower leg when you put a fitted sheet on your bed it's secure but can you wiggle that sheet around okay the interosseous membrane is basically the same thing it's holding those bones together so it's more of a support mechanism but it's not so tight that there's no movement so interosseous membrane allow a little bit of movement so what would that fancy word be for that and see arthrosis but which one usually it's dense regular usually interosseous is usually dense regular - and then sutures can be both regular and irregular okay so fibrous is the category what this tells us is those bones bone and teeth are held together by fibers what do they lack what do they never have no synovial cavity and then these are the three types of fibrous joints in the body teachers only found where okay syndesmosis if I called it a gum Phocis where would we call that find those yeah basically your teeth okay but the other syndesmosis is just a ligament that holds two bones together so there's quite a few of those in the body but the easiest example is gonna be at the lower leg and then interosseous membrane we only find them between what type of bows they are paired so lower arm lower leg so tibia fibula radius ulna this is a clicker up y'all okay so the key here admit my think it's funny the key here amove abour which one of these means immovable then arthrosis and here's another one okay so freely movable right here that's one of your clues if it's freely movable what's the fancy word for freely movable okay so when we talk about diarthrosis okay that gives us two options B and E diarthrosis are only seen with what type of structural joint it shinobi is so which is the correct answer B those answers in okay about to stop it okay so this is asking about a fibrous joint so have we talked about the pubic symphysis yet every talked about the first rib and the sternum have you talked about the parts of the sternum have you talked about the plate yet not in this chapter so what's the only one left that we talked about inner osseous membrane okay so fibrous joints we have the three types cartilaginous you're going to see we have two types cartilaginous joints are going to be known as synchondrosis and syntheses when you hear the word Kandra what do you think you got it and then sin just means together so sin chondros cities or joints held together by what yeah cartilage all synchondrosis in your body are held together by hyaline cartilage the other type of cartilaginous joints are syntheses sympathies are gonna be held together by a much stronger cartilage which is eyebro cartilage okay so we're first gonna talk about synchondrosis we're gonna find synchondrosis in two major spots all of your epiphyseal plates are synchondrosis now what happens to our plates when you hit around late teens early 20s they become lines so what happens to these synchondrosis do we still have them in adulthood no so these are only present up until we stop growing in length so synchondrosis in your epithelial plates disappear whenever we stop growing what have you made out of what type of cartilage okay so you all actually learned all about synchondrosis when we talked about growth in length growth in length a positional or interstitial remember that big eyes for length what's the app for but apples okay so one place we find some controversies is the plates the second place we find them is only that first pair of ribs where it attaches to the sternum only where the first pair of ribs so that cartilage that attaches to the sternum so here is the costal cartilage hostel cartilage is composed of hyland and the synchondrosis is only this first pair of ribs okay now if you look at this I coated this as red so does that mean little movement or no movement there all synchondrosis are sin arthritic so again this is just showing your close-up of where the cartilage meets the sternum right here this is a synchondrosis and it's no movement it's only this first pair and I'm emphasizing that for a major reason when you breathe for go back to this picture when we breathe what does your chest need to do to accommodate your lungs expand which means all of these ribs have to have a lot of movement with them to allow that expansion if we're allowing a lot of movement what type of joints allow a lot of movement diarthrosis which are what joints it shinobi oh so that first rib is synchondrosis no movement but the second through seventh pair allow tons of movement so those are synovial diarthrosis so that's why I keep emphasizing first pair only okay now the other type of cartilaginous joints are syntheses what type of cartilage do we find in syntheses fiber cartilage okay syntheses contain fiber cartilage which is way stronger than Highland fiber cartilage allows your allows to absorption of shock decreases tension and in places you really abuse so one place we find syntheses are your intervertebral discs so the cartilage between your vertebrae and then the second place we find it is a pubic synthesis and that's the cartilage between the two pubic bones so here's a pubic bone here's a pubic bone this is the fiber cartilage between them is the pubic synthesis now because the fiber cartilage is found in areas that we abuse put a lot of pressure or a lot of tension we basically really have a lot of weight in these areas that they have to be able to absorb all of the movement if they didn't allow movement at all they would be very rigid and break so by allowing a little movement it allows them to absorb more tension in shock so what would the classification be empty arthrosis so syntheses are empty arthritic whereas synchondrosis are which one yep so synchondrosis is our sin arthritic typica sees our MV I'd get those clickers people okay okay so a gum Phocis kind of sounds like gum where do we what joint are you talking about in your body teeth teeth are held into the place by a ligament so would that be fibrous cartilagenous or synovial okay so that gets us down to a and B so we know it's gonna be fibrous where's the only place we find sutures and the skull so that means this fibrous joint held in place by a ligament is going to be send s Moses the word decimo which I forgot that over here but the word decimo means band are ligaments Hey two people missing one person okay so intervertebral discs are made out of super strong fiber cartilage and what type of joints are fiber cartilage syntheses okay now what are y'all noticing about this chapter is it really understanding content or is it more just knowing the definitions this chapters heavy vocabulary do all the words kind of sound alike yeah so that's why these charts are helpful color coding is helpful writing the material down tell focus the more you write it you'll become more familiar with the terms okay but these vocabulary words which I consider to be kind of your give me points like when you go on the test if you know your vocabulary these are just definitions if you don't know your vocabulary is it easy anymore you've got to practice that vocabulary okay this chapter really important but it's just a lot of vocab a lot of just anatomy okay now our last major joint category is synovial and what color have synovial in so what does that tell you he's in a pod if I say diarthrosis you should only think synovial if I say synovial what's your the only thing diarthrosis those two words they don't mean the same thing but they're always together okay when we talk about synovial joints there's gonna be a few things always present okay all synovial joints are gonna have that's just the list of the different types of joints it's not talking about the actual structure yet okay when we talk about synovial joints they're gonna all have starting things present one thing that's always present is articular cartilage we already talked about articular cartilage where do we find this at the ends yeah if you remember what type of cartilage it's made up of the weakest in the body Highland so articular cartilage we learned about it in the last chapter it's at the ends of Bones and it's composed of hyaline cartilage all synovial joints have it though of all synovial joints have articular cartilage is it safe for me to say that all synovial joints have Highland cartilage present yeah all synovial joints have that joint cavity remember how we said cartilage Ennis and fibers don't have a synovial cavity well this is what makes the no veal joint special they have the synovial cavity and the synovial cavity is composed of two different layers that fibrous layer is the out layer outside layer so if it's the outside layer and it's called the fibrous layer what do you think it's made out of divers this outer layer is important for structure and support and it's an important attachment spot for ligaments and tendons structure and support and an important attachment spot for ligaments and tendons so fibrous is the outer layer what is the name of the sheet of tissue that surrounds the ends of bones around the outside I said ends of bones I'm in the outside yeah periosteum basically your fibrous layer is continuous with the periosteum so it's not something different it's just continuous and connects to bones together that inner layer is known as the synovial layer also the synovial membrane it is going to be made up of a tissue similar to areolar and they have special cells called synovial sites so this areolar like tissue is going to have special cells called synovial sites so novita sites are basically modified fibroblasts based on the name synovial sites what type of fluid do you think they produce the novio fluid okay so the synovial membrane it's super similar to areola it's like modified areola because of those Sanofi sites which are modified fibroblasts that produce our fluid the fluid it's actually such a little amount in the bone but it's really in the joint but it's super important the fluid helps to bring nutrients to the articular cartilage because what do we know cartilage does not have yeah Lexx blood vesicles which means no nutrients get to it that easily so that fluid helps to bring nutrients to the cartilage the fluid also helps reduce friction between the bones so has anyone been in a swimming pool the ocean or any type of water you're playing with like a beach ball and you push the beach ball really hard down on the water is it easy to push that beach ball down through the water no basically what your synovial fluid does is it helps protect the two bones from hitting each other as easily so as those two bones go down towards each other that fluid helps keep them from touching so it helps buoyancy reducing friction lubricates the ends of the joints helps with nutrients circulation as well as getting waste away because when something's living it needs nutrients and it produces waste so the fluid kind of takes place of some of the cartilages health issues so when we look at a synovial joint this is basically what one looks like okay we have our two bones notice those two bones don't even touch each other okay do y'all see this outer area right here okay this is made up of fiber so what later do you think this is what layer of the cavity in the joint cavity the fibrous layer okay and it's really just an extension of the periosteum so you can see that it's just continuous with it right here okay now what do you think we call this inner red layer that's your synovial membrane okay what do we call the stuff that lines the ends of the bones particular way and what type of cartilage is it actually made out of okay and then you see all this yellow area right here this is the actual cavity area and what is the cavity filled with got it so synovial cavity filled with fluid okay so every single synovial joint in your body has these same parts every single one so we got our cartilage you can see let me erase this up off of here say I can see the real bone okay so del see this glossy cartilage right here very glossy it lines the end of every bone when people talk about I have arthritis most of the time they referring the osteoarthritis which is wear and tear osteoarthritis is when this cartilage is when this cartilage just wears away if you live long enough you will get this your body is a machine do machines break down over time yeah your so does your body okay so this cartilage over time will start to wear away now some people that it's really early onset some people doesn't happen till later but if you live long enough this cartilage will start to wear down so when people usually say they have arthritis this is what they're referring to is osteoarthritis there's about a hundred types of arthritis in the body okay and now those were the major types are major components of synovial joints but there's a lot of other stuff people talk about when they hurt a synovial joint you hear about injuries all the time they tore a ligament they tore meniscus they have inflammation in a fluid sac around their joint so all of this stuff our accessory structures these are structures that may be present or they may be right outside the cavity of the joint so they may not be directly in the cavity so we're gonna go over a few of the accessory structures lots of them you're already familiar with the first accessory structure our minutes guy you have min this guy in your TMJ which is right here or temporomandibular joint and you have it in your knee menisci are fibrocartilage discs fibrocartilage discs all synovial joints do not have them okay now man this guy their whole function is the absorb shock and to allow two ill-fitting bones to fit together better so menisci I absorb shock and they allow two ill-fitting bones to fit together better so let me draw this out so it kind of makes sense your femur as condyles at the bottom of it those are round your tibia is flat across the top if you put something round on something flat what's gonna happen do you think it's gonna stay on top pretty easily that's gonna roll roll around slip off okay so what the meniscus does is the meniscus is going to take the shape of both bones now do these bones put together a little better okay so man this guy helped ill-fitting bones fit together properly and they absorb a lot of shock are you nice to knees nope so this really helps absorb shock decrease tension stuff like that what I mean this guy made out of fibrocartilage okay do all synovial joints have fibrocartilage no - all synovial joints have hyaline cartilage okay these are great questions for me to be asking them the test and this they're not you know complex but it's knowing the content it's knowing definitions in structure let me clear this cuz I drew over the next stuff oops okay the next accessory structure that almost every synovial joint has I'm pretty sure they actually all have them are bursa bursa are fluid-filled sacs the fluid is almost identical to synovial fluid so bursa are fluid-filled sacs and they keep adjacent structures from rubbing against each other so they reduce friction bursa are fluid-filled sacs that keep adjacent structures from rubbing together okay bursa are not usually inside a synovial joint they're usually on the outside if someone has an infected Bursa it's associated with the synovial joint but it's not actually part of the synovial joint so if we look at this picture there is a bursa between the patella and your skin there's a bursa between the tibia and the ligament there's a bursa between the femur and the ligament or that's actually a tendon if we had if the Bursa was missing basically it would be bone rubbing against fibers what would the bone eventually do to those fibers yeah we're tearing out it's basically like frizzing and fraying so over time the bone would basically tear those fibers so the bursa helps cushion the area between it so there's no direct friction okay and then another accessory structure is called a tendon sheath so tendon sheath lie down there tendon sheaths are elongated versus the same principle but they're just very long tubes what do you think a tendon sheath wraps around based off its name a tendon so we're gonna find these where the tendons are really long and they cross over bones or multiple bones so if we look in this picture this let me get different color so it's not the same here this is a tendon sheath following the purple here's a tendon sheath following this hey this right here is the ligament are this actually attended sorry by wrapping around the tendon it's decreasing the friction between your humerus and the tendon if it was the humerus against a tendon the tendon would eventually fray we can potentially tear have you ever heard of tendonitis a lot of athletes get it tendonitis can be inflammation of the tendon or it could be inflammation of the tendon sheath it just depends on the severity of it all of these again are accessory structures meaning they may be present or they're on the outside of the actual cavity so they're not in the joint but they support the joints function okay you're gonna have to click send' after this so make sure when you click send you see that you have a check mark there basically supporting the function of the joint but they don't have to be present and they are often not inside the cavity take this missing four people usually now it's like a meniscus is inside of it but first Bursa and the tendon sheets on the outside okay so let's go over these parts okay be points to what lines the ends what's lining the ends hyaline cartilage one we call that articular so this is a good chance for me to explain this if I ask you the name of the structure that lines joints that's articular but if I ask you for the tissue that composes that structure what's that that's Highline so again they are talking about the same instance but the questions asking for different context so always read those questions carefully that's why we do all of this review in class you understand how to take tests okay F is the bones now look at D D is only pointing to this fiber stuff right here so what is D the fibers layer okay what does see there's synovial membrane or you can say layer and D and C together make up your synovial cavity hey what is a pointing to it whoops I'm aware the whole stuff that went I think I switch pages there we go okay this is the fluid okay now of these three I mean of these letters which one is made up of areolar thing okay now let's go to the next question same concept just a different question make sure you click send afterwards they'll read what it's asking these are great questions to start to understand reading comprehension see people okay the synovial fluid of a joint is secreted by what that's what it's asking it's not asking where a synovial fluid is located it is asking where it's secreted by so everyone we answer so it reenter quickly it's in two people one person okay which joint secretes the fluid I mean which structure secretes the fluid and which is the membrane the net which letter C okay so it was the same answer totally different question okay so this is not something we're gonna go over this are the types of synovial joints we have six of them I have that list for you where you can fill in yourself okay what I want you to know about the types of synovial joints is that they are named based on the shapes of the articulating bones now based on how synovial joints are put together determines the type of movements that can occur there how Sandoval joints are put together determines the type of movements that can occur okay my elbow joint this is known as a hinge joint it's just like a door hinge what's the only things that doors can do open and close my elbow can only open the angle and close the angle now look at my shoulder though circles can go away from my body towards my body can open an angle close an angle it can rotate back and forth they're both synovial joints which one can do more their shoulder and that's because of the shape of the joints and the shoulder are different than the shapes of the joints are the shapes of the bone in the elbow they still both allow free movement do they both allow the same exact type of movement yeah so depending on the shape of how the bones fit together that determines how much in what type of movement can occur if a joint has tons of movement do you think it's very stable do you think it's pretty easy to the heart okay if a joint doesn't move at all do you think it's more stable yeah much more stable so basically it's what we call it inverse relationship more mobility not stable super stable no movement okay so this just kind of shows you the relationship your skull does not move at all or shouldn't move once you're an adult your teeth we know can move over time but in general don't pubic synthesis and your intervertebral discs allow some movement ball and socket of the synovial allow the most movement so your ball and socket joints that's gonna be your shoulder in your hip they're going to be the least stable because they allow the most movement so you compare those to maybe your elbow joint you're gonna be injuring your shoulder or your hip probably more readily than your elbow joint okay let me get this going these are true/false so they're all ABS a for true or B for false through falses are the hardest because you have to be able to read those questions carefully and pick out the right and wrong answers one way to do this is make it true somethings false figure out why it's false and two people missing one okay okay man this guy are made of hyaline cartilage and help ill-fitting bones fit together okay now this part is true what will make that first part true yep so then these are there's no such thing as trick questions there are poorly written questions but this wasn't this was just do you know your facts okay Highland is located in all synovial joints where is that hyaline cartilage located in all synovial joints okay synchondrosis that is going to be your epiphyseal plate and that first rib and gum Fotis which are what teeth gums are both movable synarthrosis synovial fluid supplies nutrients to cartilage a synthesis we found those in your discs between your vertebrae and your pubic bones are examples of slightly movable sure okay now this is a good example of all the S words we've got synchondrosis synovial synthesis it's tough so vocabulary super important yeah you've got to make sure you know your terms those answers in okay crescent-shaped pads that provide shock absorption and allow bones to fit together better what are these meniscus okay a lot of y'all pit versa bursa are sacks filled with fluid that reduce friction between two parts they just reduced friction so two things from rubbing together let's skip this one okay now type some movements I'm not gonna go over but I do want you to know them so the best way to learn the types of movements is to lock yourself in a room so no one sees you and act them out because what you're doing is you're associating the movement with the term movements can occur at many different joints almost every joint can perform flexion and extension but certain joints can only perform certain movements so if you stand on your tippy toes does anyone know what type of flexion that's called plantar only can occur basically at your ankle joint if you roll back on your heels what type of flexion is that dorsiflexion only can occur at your ankles but regular flexion elbow I'm closing my angle closing my leg closing my hip joint closing my neck joint that can occur at tons of joints so you just got to go through that again heavy vocabulary okay so the last thing is just three major types of joints in the body three major synovial joints okay the first one is glenohumeral this is a fancy word for shoulder joint your glenohumeral joint is ball and socket which means it's a ball shaped head on the humerus that fits in the socket of your glenoid cavity so this is how this is basically the description of it head of humerus which is the ball glenoid cavity which is the socket this is your most freely movable joint in the body which means it's very stable or very unstable very unstable it's the most commonly dislocated joint in the body the most commonly dislocated joint in the body so you can see it right there the head of the humerus is no longer in place and it popped out and then this is what it looks like in an x-ray okay the reason it's the most commonly dislocated joint is the socket is really shallow so it's easy for the head of the humerus the slide right out they and the tendons of the muscles that hold the joint in place are very loosely connected the tendons that hold the joints in place are very loosely connected the sense they're not holding those bones together really tight it allows the bones to come out of socket really easily so between the shallowness of the socket and the looseness of the tendons it's super easy to pop your shoulder at a percent place compared the shoulder the glenohumeral to the coxal joint axle is a fancy term for hip joint and it's where the head of the femur meets the acetabulum if you look at this look at this socket way way way deeper than the shoulder joint since it's much deeper the head fits in better do you think it's as easy for that head to slide out okay even though the hip joint is a ball-and-socket it's much more secure because the socket is deeper and I'm gonna go to a ligament picture and the ligaments hold the bones together much more tightly they're much more ligament reinforcements so the sockets much deeper and the ligaments are much more tightly reinforced they allow the same movements but your shoulder is more freely movable because it has less support so everything that you can do with your shoulder your hip joint can do now if you're really inflexible like me my hip joint can't do any of it but in theory it should be able to so if you look at this you can see how deep this socket is right here you see how deep that acetabulum is almost the entire head of the femur will fit into that acetabulum okay now let's go back to that shoulder do you see how shallow that stock it is huge difference so which one do you think's going to be more secure in your body yeah your weren't much more secure and then the last major joint I want to go over is your knee joint which is known as tibia for morale your knee joints actually three joints in one cavity this is the most complex and largest joint in your body there are three joints there's the lateral tibial femoral the medial tibia femoral and then I'll go back to a picture and then we're the patella and the femur mate patella femoral so it's three separate joints in one cavity lateral and medial tibia femoral that's two separate because there are different sides and then patello femoral so because it's three joints in one cavity it's considered the largest joint but because there's three joints in one cavity you have more chances of hurting it so this is also the most damaged joint in your body so this one gets hurt the most your knee joint is what we call a modified hinged joint a modified hinge joint what's the other two motions the hinge joint can make open it closed you know the technical terms for opening and closing I open the angle so I'm extending and now closing my angle flexion so modified hinge joint your knee can flex and extend but it's modified because it can do slight rotation when it's extended and what that does is it helps you from tearing more ligaments and minutes guy as easily so that slight rotation allows you need to take a little bit more friction and tension otherwise you would tear your ligaments in minutes guys even more easily okay so this is y'all choice I don't really care we can move the test till Tuesday and I'm going to start chapter 10 on Thursday and that gives you the weekend or we can have the test Tuesday I real every Thursday I really don't care who's they good okay now this is what I'm going to tell y'all everything is still do Thursday because what that's gonna do is that you get all the work out of the way and then you use the week in the study I'm gonna post all the reminders through Thursday what are you gonna want to have with you in class chapter 10 because we're gonna start chapter 10 okay we'll do a quick five-minute quiz though over chapter 9 just our usual typical quiz in the morning but it'll be over chapter 9 content okay I'll post everything make sure you check announcements okay do you want you're gonna hear Monday yeah you want a come on okay so second office Monday okay