Lecture Notes: Computer Programming 1 - Introduction to C++

Introduction

• Good morning students of IDE 61.2
• Instructor: Vida
• Welcome to the virtual class

Previous Modules Recap

Essential Components of Programming Environment

1. Operating System
   • System software that manages computer hardware and software resources.
   • Provides common services for computer programs.
2. Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
   • Software application providing comprehensive facilities for software development.
   • Comprises:
     • Source code editor
     • Build customization tools
     • Debugger
3. Compiler
   • Translates code written in a programming language into machine language.
4. Revision Control (Version Control)
   • Manages changes made over time in source code.

Configuring Work Environment

• Create a GitHub account
• Download Visual Studio Code (includes C++ extension)
• Install MinGW Installation Manager and other components

Introduction to C++

Overview

• C++ is a popular, cross-platform programming language.
• Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of C language.
• C was developed by Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kernighan in 1972.
• C++ provides high-level control over system resources and memory.
• Updated versions: C++11, C++14, C++17

Why Study C++?

• One of the world's most popular programming languages.
• Used in operating systems, GUIs, and embedded systems.
• Object-oriented, allowing code reuse and lower development costs.
• Portable across multiple platforms.
• Easy to learn and similar to C# and Java.

C++ Environment Setup

• Need a text editor and a compiler to start coding.
• Example C++ Program: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Hello World"; return 0; }

Code Explanation

• Line 1: #include <iostream> - includes header file for input/output.
• Line 2: using namespace std; - allows usage of standard library objects.
• Line 4: int main() - signifies the main function.
• Line 5: cout << "Hello World"; - outputs "Hello World".
• Line 6: return 0; - ends the main function.

Notes for Executing C++ Programs

• Every statement ends with a semicolon.
• White spaces and comments are ignored by the compiler.
• Use multiple lines for readability.
• The cout object with << does not insert a new line unless specified with .

Comments in C++

• Single Line Comments: Start with //.
• Multi-line Comments: Start with /* and end with */.

Variables in C++

• Containers for storing data values.

Types of Variables

1. int - stores integers.
2. double - stores floating-point numbers.
3. char - stores single characters.
4. string - stores text.
5. bool - stores true/false values.

Variable Declaration

• Syntax: type variable = value;
• Example: int myNum = 15; cout << myNum;

Identifiers in C++

• Must be unique names for variables.
• Can include letters, digits, and underscores.
• Case-sensitive (e.g., myVar vs myvar).

Constants in C++

• Values that cannot be changed during execution.
• Use the const keyword.
• Example: const int MINUTES_PER_HOUR = 60;

User Input in C++

• Use cin to get user inputs.
• Example: int x; cout << "Type a number:"; cin >> x;

• This class covered essential basics of C++ programming, including syntax, variables, and user input methods.