Class 9 Civics: Chapter 1 - What is Democracy?

Introduction

• Main topic of the chapter: What is Democracy
• Key topic: Features of Democracy
• All chapters will be completed in ten days, following a monthly roadmap from October
• Democracy: A form of government where decisions are made by rulers elected by the people

Definition of Democracy

• Democracy = A type of government in which rulers are elected by the people
• The ruler can be anyone, whether hereditary or elected by the people
• All people should have the right to vote in elections
• Elections should be free and fair
• Citizens' rights should be according to the law and governance should be according to the rules of the constitution

Important Features of Democracy

1. Rulers are elected by the people

   • Example: Pakistan (Military coup by Pervez Musharraf claimed democracy but in reality, it was not)

2. Elections should be free and fair

   • China: Elections are held but only candidates approved by the Chinese Communist Party can run
   • Mexico: Elections were held from 1930-2000 but the PRI party always won, unethical methods were used

3. One person, one vote (One person, one value)

   • Example: Saudi Arabia (women do not have voting rights), Estonia (Russian minority faces difficulties), Fiji (the value of the vote of native inhabitants is higher)

4. Governance should be according to the constitution and citizens' rights

   • Zimbabwe (Robert Mugabe): Elections are held but the constitution is frequently changed, control over media, and violations of citizens' rights

Arguments For and Against Democracy

Arguments Against Democracy

• Changing leaders frequently leads to political instability
• Political competition, no morality
• Slow decision making
• Elected leaders may not necessarily make decisions in the best interest of the people
• Chances of corruption
• Common people do not have the knowledge to make decisions

Arguments For Democracy

• More responsible government
• Quality decisions
• Provides ways for conflict and dispute resolution
• Promotes citizens' dignity
• Provides an opportunity to correct mistakes

Broader Meaning of Democracy

• Not just a system of government, but a way of life
• Collective decision and consensus
• Aim of democracy: Striving towards good democracy through ideal standards

Conclusion

• An expanded definition of democracy helps us understand current democracies and identify our weaknesses
• It is necessary to strive towards an ideal democracy