hi, if you find the music in this video disturbing, you can watch the improved version with better audio sound the link is in the comments column very important to know the basics of using a tool or know the components that we will use don't let us embarrass ourselves The intention is to be cool on social media, but it makes you laugh and even worse we can harm ourselves and people around us because we don't know how it works an instrument or component this video we will discuss the components dasar electronics and make a simple circuit like a flip lop circuit with 2 transistors or make a cellphone charger using IC 7805 even we will make ldr circuit or light sensor very easily we also discuss the characteristics of electronic components so keep watching this video until it's finished To know the basics of electronic components before mas the basics of electronic components friends can follow my Instagram there I upload electronic photos and videos outside of YouTube and my video will be uploaded to YouTube just follow my Instagram I have given the link in the video description so click now before we could build a control system monitoring tool build robots or tools that make our lives easier we have to know the basics first in this video is a brief description of electronics base from the most basic explanation until Get to know some of the components that are often used in the world of electronics so watch this video until it's finished almost all people have felt the usefulness of electricity but maybe not many understand that electric current flows in two ways the first is alternating current or the Karen alternative which is often abbreviated as AC and there are also others, namely directional or derekaren currents which is abbreviated with DC in the world of electronics we often use current DC talk about electricity usually defined as having voltage and the current voltage can be called volts current in amperes eg battery then the voltage is 1 2 volts and has a current of 1900 mah what i mean here is the milliampere house so if the calculated load is 1900 then the battery can work for 1 hour circuit electricity is a collection of electrical component components which form a network connected by conductors or wires electrical circuit usually the name for the stoves electronics strung on the board printed circuit or often called PCB there are two names for the circuit namely closed circuit and open circuit now we will discuss briefly what is meant by closed circuit and open circuit when a series complete electricity is installed and forms a circle which allows electric current to flow This circuit is called a closed circuit and when available the circuit is interrupted until the circle is incomplete formed and electricity does not flow then this is called an open circuit in physics lessons we often come across the term series and parallel circuits Both of these circuits can be applied in everyday life like putting together a battery center home lighting and much more in a sense A draw network is a network that all its parts are connected sequentially or in a row while a parallel circuit is circuit that how to connect it to its parts in parallel and parallel circuits are also called branched network Of course both of these circuits have advantages and disadvantages characteristics of a series circuit are the flowing current is the same large on each load or component connected in series while parallel circuit the flowing voltage is the same big on each loads or components arranged in parallel friends can see this experiment here friends can see series and parallel circuits friends can see current at each load on a series network is the same size while the current in a parallel circuit is not the same but the voltage on the load is connected in parallel the same at all loads this is what causes the lights to be connected in parallel brighter than series series there must be some friends who have questions like this why is the series of lights dim? while the parallel circuit of bright lights because the nature of the series circuit is a voltage divider whereas in parallel circuits are current dividers until the flame of the tie becomes dim than parallel to be skilled in the world of electronics friends must first know some of the basic components maybe these components seem simple but if friends learn more This simple component is simply amazing friends project electronics guys before discussing its electronic components we must first know the types of components electronics which we will discuss the first is tht through hole technology This type of component is most often encountered in the market because with the practicality of this type of component friends can install it on a PCB test board or PCB vents and we continue to smd surface mount device component this type is most commonly found in-equipment electronics like cell phones laptops and various electronic equipment friends superiority this type of component is the first to save PCB space because of its very small size of course we save the installation place besides the price of this type of component very cheap when compared with tht type in addition to the two types of components that we have already discussed there is also such a thing as d IP dual inlane package This component is usually the designation for IC I demonstrated using IC DS 1307 so if friends want to mention IC it or its component type friends can say di-ip8 dip is meant 8 is the number of legs from the IC can friends see the number of feet This IC is 8 pins there is also a DP 28 40 and many more of course the last one is tqfp thin quad flat package components of this type usually used for microcontrollers and microprocessors well friends already know types of electronic components now we will enter in the discussion of electronic components the first we discuss is the led led we often find in many places even in-electronic equipment almost all use led but what are leds for the meaning of the led itself, namely Light Emitting Diode led is an electromagnetic component which can emit light semiconductor led which is a family of diodes leds have polarity anode and minus cathode now we will discuss the legs anode and cathode or know which legs are plus and minus if friends see from the foot of the led which is long then it is the anode and the short leg is the cathode the second way friends can see from inside the led the long one is the cathode while the short one is the anode now we will try led with position the anode and cathode are powered by a battery now we will try reversing the polarity of the led then the leds don't will work or turn on and we return the polarity of the led again then the led will work again Currently LED has a variety of colors from red to green yellow white UV infrared the diversity of these led colors is influenced by the wave length or wavelength and semiconductor compounds used each led requires a forward voltage forward voltage for led relatively small so that we need a resistor to limit current and voltage so that the led is not damaged earlier we have mentioned the resistor in the led section well we will try to discuss resistors resistors are components electronics which functions as a current-flowing arrester a network in the form of terminals two electronic components which produces a voltage across the terminals which is proportional to the current flowing through it according to ohm's law v equals i times r i will read ohm's law electric current i that flows through an introductory or comicor will be directly proportional to the difference potential or voltage v which is applied to him and inversely proportional to the resistance r mathematically om law can be formulated for resistors have no polarity or poles pluses and minuses if reverse the terminals of the resistor will not affect a network we go into the types of our resistors starting from a fixed resistor fixed resistor is a resistor whose resistance value is fixed and cannot be changed an example of a carbon film resistor is the most common type of resistor found on the market Next up is the metal film resistor have shape which is exactly the same as the carbon film resistor wire resistors are called wire resistors Because The main material of this resistor is nickel wire which is rolled on insulating ceramic rods wire resistors generally have the same power higher than other types of resistors so therefore resistor with power 5 watts and up will use this type of resistor let's move on to variable resistors is a type of resistor value can be changed with how to rotate or shift the lever the first is the potentiometer potentiometer the resistance can be changed by rotating the lever contained in the potential Potentiometers are widely used in electronic circuits like adjusting the volume tones and many more furthermore tripod is another form of potentiometer in appearance A tripod is smaller than a potentiometer This makes it easier for us to install the tripod on the PCB to adjust the resistance friends can use a screwdriver ldr stands for light dependent resistor resistor ldr its representation value can be changed when exposed to light that hits the LDR resistor to read resistors friends can use this color table and the easiest friends can read resistors using an ohm meter which is available in the multimeter Next we will discuss capacitors capacitor also has fixed and variable capacitors we start from the most basic understanding of the capacitor capacitor or also called kodensator has the letter symbol c is a passive electronic component which can store an electric charge or temporary electric current The unit for capacitance is Farad (F). Capacitors function much like batteries i.e. save current there must be friends who have questions capacitor and battery are the same of course different I will try to explain briefly the most noticeable difference is the battery only save a voltage of a certain voltage according to the label while the capacitor can be fed up to label if the label is 400 then it can be given 1 400 volts the 2nd Capacitors can store electricity depending on the amount while the battery strength is determined by the amperage clock or as it is known Ah ampere hours the 3rd battery is a store of electric power can take a long time depending on amperage and can be used as a cell phone voltage source laptops and toys while the capacitor can store electricity temporarily but not for the voltage source only as a filter for power supply The main function of the capacitor is capacitance namely the ability to store electric charge while the battery is a tool that can change energy stored chemical energy into electrical energy that can be used by a network electronic I hope my explanation can be understood friends further we return to discuss the capacitor we already know that the unit of capacitor is farad but the farad itself is a very large unit and therefore generally capacitors are used in electronic equipment is a reduced farad unit as follows pico nano and micro the farad unit conversion is as follows now we discuss the types of our capacitors starting from a fixed capacitor in-capacitor there are still 2 types of non-polar and some have polarity examples that have no polarity is a ceramic capacitor so friends can install free ceramic capacitors without having to find the polarity Ceramic capacitor values range from 1 pico to 0 01 microfara and for that capacitor have polarity are electrolytic capacitors or what is often called elco capacitor Electrolytes have positive and negative qualities In general, the value of electrolytic capacitors ranges from 0 47 micro to thousands of microfara usually on the elco body a value will be listed capacitance voltage and negative terminal things to note electrolytic capacitor may explode if the polarity of installation is reversed and beyond voltage limit and we continue to discuss variable capacitors variable capacitors can be set or changed indeed for variable capacitors are rarely used on simple network for example verco variable condenser and there is also a trimmer is a type of capacitor variable that has a smaller form so you need a tool like a screwdriver to regulate setting shaft additional tips to find out if Elco is still good or not feasible friends can use the esr meter the way friends have to short the circuit this purpose in order to get rid of the electric charge stored in the elco as well as capacitors if you have connected elco to the ESR meter here friends can see the resistance and Vloss for reference good bad capacitors friends can see this table one more time This is only a reference, not a definite reference I will give my experience the smaller the resistance esr of an elco the better the condition of the elco and the opposite the greater the resistance esr of an elco then bad the elco the word diode comes from the term approximation di-which means 2 and the word ode which means path has 2 electrodes namely the anode and cathode Diodes are included in the category of electrical components active and functional to conduct electric current in one direction but inhibits the electric current in the opposite direction Therefore Diodes are often used as transmitters in electronic networks have principles work based on meeting technology p and n semiconductors namely by flowing current on the p-type side the anodard goes to the n type cathode but no can raise the current in the opposite direction let's do a simple diode experiment to clarify principles diode work in conducting and inhibiting electric current watch can see this video when the circuit is energized the diode will conduct current to the led now we will reverse the diode as resistor current to the led we're going to reverse the anode and the diode cathode then the led will not get current because he already blocking the current to the led in general digital multimeter provides diode function measurement if not there friends can use the ohm function on the multimeter set the switch to the ohms position black prop connection on the cathode that has bracelet sign connect the red prop to the anode display must show a certain value eg 0 4 mega ohms reverse the black prop on the anode and prop terminals red to the cathode read the measurement results its value is infinity or open circuit if there is a certain value then the diode is probably damaged next we will read diode in-function dioda display multimeter set the position of the switch on the diode position connect the black profit to the cathode terminal red pro connection to the anode terminal Read the results using the on-display multimeter display must show a certain value eg 0 52 volts return the black gain to the anode terminal and red pro to the cathode Read the measurement results on the multimeter display then there is no voltage value pada display multimeter if there is a certain value then the diode is practically already broken now we will discuss the types of diodes actually we already mentioned a type of diode namely led at the beginning of the discussion LED is also included in the diode family hence the grandfather of led is also called anode and cathode then normal diode or pn junction diode diode type this is the diode we most often use find in-network electronics especially on the power supply network and the network radio frequency the word PN here is a diode made of bush material p and n type inductors are used thus the diode is often called the pn junction there is also a zener diode Zener diode is a specially designed type of diode to be able to operate networked rivers bias or reverse bias characteristics this zener diode can pass an electric current under biased conditions return when tension occurs its breakdown voltage point but when the gas is advanced the diodazener this can deliver electric current like a normal diode in general diodazener can provide a stable reference voltage so it is widely used as a voltage regulator and power supply power supply A laser diode is a type of diode that can generate radiation or light that can be seen by the eye and infrared spectrum when electrified These laser diodes are often used in audio devices like DVD players laser pointer or distance meter and printer laser-laser basically stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation and many more types of diodes we have already discussed diodes of the types until do a simple experiment and check the diode still good or not now we will go into transistors transistor is an electronic component which is used for many things for example as an amplifier as a circuit breaker as a connector as a stable voltage and signal modeling and much more the function of the transistor as well as faucets electricity which is based on the input voltage allows accurate switching of electricity originating from a power source in short the transistor is an electronic switch the transistor actually comes from the data transfer which means transfer and resistor which means inhibitor along with its development transistors at this point has been designed various types of designs with features electric current flow unique controller which is based on bjt input current or fed input voltage which allow very accurate electrical control from the circuit the power source transistor has 3 pieces of electrodes i.e. emitter emitter collector collector and base or basis a brief explanation of the transistor leg The emitter is responsible for generating electrons collector works turns the electrons out of the transistor base governs movement electrons from the emeter coming out of the via collector foot Currently there are two types or two type of transistor the first is type npn and there is also the second type, namely pnp npn type is transistor which has a cathode at the base while pnp cathode elements are located at the emitter and collector example of a pnp transistor npn and mosfet for mosfet explanation Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor is an effect transistor Fields that use insulators between the gates the mosfet consists of 3ft i.e. terminal get dryn dan source now we will try to determine the transistor npn or pnp type the easiest friends can see the data sheet those transistors and can also use the esr meter now we will check pnp with a digital multimeter we try whether it is still good or not set the position of the on-connection diode switch black prop on the base terminal and a red prop on the terminal emitter if the multimeter display shows a value certain voltage means the transistor in good condition move the red prop on the collector terminal if the multimeter displays a certain voltage means the transistor in good condition for npn transistors actually the same only we change the prop set the position of the switch on the diode position connect prof red on the base terminal and black prof on the emitter terminal if the multimeter shows a certain voltage value means the transistor is still good move prof black on the collector terminal if display multimeter shows a certain voltage value means still good notes for pnp and npn if the prop layout is reversed from what we've discussed then it will not show the value of voltage or open circuit IC Integrated Circuit is another name for chips ICs are made of semiconductor materials IC or chip is the forerunner of a computer and everything types of devices that use microcontroller technology other IC is an electronic component semiconductor which is a combination of hundreds or even thousands of other components IC form is a solid piece of silicon usually black which has many legs or pins up its shape similar to a comb IC is a combination of several components like resistors diode capacitor and transistors which has become a network in the form of small chips based on application and function IC is divided into IC linear IC digital and there is also a combination of both IC linear or also known as analog IC is ICs that generally work a lot of things like a power amplifier signal booster operational amplifier micro signal amplifier rf and if amplifiers radio frequency receiver voltage regulators and many more of course A digital IC is basically a switching network whose input and output voltages have only 2 levels ie high and low or in binary code denoted by 1 and 0 Digital ICs generally function as flip-flops logic gates timer counter calculator memory clock micro processor and many more I take the example for IC 7805 and linear IC 555 dan IC digital microcontroller for clarification IC 7805 is a 5v regulator while IC 55 is one of the electronic components quite famous simple and versatile with a very small size with a market price of around 2000 5000 basically the main application of IC The 555 is used as a timer by operation monostable and plus generator circuits and microcontroller is a computer small in-one The IC that contains the CPU timer memory communication channel serial and parallel port input output dan adc analog to digital konverter we enter in-part components supporting the experiment electronics friends the first is a breadboard or trial board test board is used to do experiments very easily and can be disassembled the 2nd one has a jumper cable function of this cable enabled to connect one component to the rest of the network and there are 2 types of jumper cables the male and female types friends also need batteries as a network resource friends can use a 9 volt DC battery and lastly friends can prepare a switch it's not complete if we do not do simple experiments of our components discussed earlier to train in reading network and component assembly friends can do this experiment now friends follow this circuit and plug in the test-board if friends follow this video from the beginning then this network is very simple because in-every component I provide symbols for electronic components if a friend has succeeded we just test it here the battery is used to provide the power supply and the switch works as an on off led we immediately turn on the led by using the switch and turn off the led using the switch if a friend has succeeded means friends already understand basis of reading network and component assembly continue to the 2nd chain we try to use the 7805 linear AC, namely the AC regulator 5v we must know what components are used on the 2nd try the first we discuss the USB female type and we will discuss the pins found in this USB This USB has 4 pins we only use 2 pins i.e. 5 volts and ground or minus the rightmost one is ground the one with the in-body mark is next ace 7805 here's the ace changing the DC source 7 24 volts ke 5 volts dan 1 ampere friends also need elco 100 microfarat 16 volts for the volts friends can use even more I think 16 volts is enough and elco 10 microfarat 50 volts actually 16 volts is enough because I use it i have it 50 volts so we just use it we are just doing a simulation so we use a DC 9v source to facilitate the installation of USB female to the board experiment we can solder pins 1 and 4 using jumper cables this is the network followed by assembling all the components onto the trial board final stage we provide the source of the battery to read voltage I use a charger detector this charger director shows the voltage and current used to make sure more sure friends can use a multimeter to check the voltage the plus and minus relationships on the multimeter will show 5 volts DC furthermore I will use a power supply 12 volts DC as the source of this as an in-motorcycle simulation because in-bike battery is 12 volt DC and we managed to get 5 volts DC friends have succeeded in making a cellphone charger using IC 7805 if friends, look at the cellphone charger, the specifications are 5 volts DC let's see this adapter let's try to focus friends can see 5 volts DC and we try to give the cellphone load in this circuit we try to read the load and read about 320 ma But I do not recommend this series for cellphone chargers to go on and on there are several reasons I might say the most important because the in-section ic is too hot even with a small load but it can friends overcome by adding a cooling plate here's an example of a cooling heatsink and thermal pass for essi This heatsink can be used behind the IC to dissipate heat from the IC This circuit is suitable for electronics experiments which requires a 5 volt DC source So I highly recommend this series to ensure network we work on hp we just connect and our circuit successfully chargers cellphones we enter the 3rd experiment this experiment is training friends in reading circuit schematics even deeper so friends must observe each of these series let's start right away we start from the components the first is two 2n 2222 npn transistors why do we need two transistors because the transistor here serves as a turn so the led can turn on alternately then prepare 2 led free color I use red and green then prepare elco 100 microfarad 16v prepare two 470 ohm size resistors and 10k resistor 2 pieces friends also need a 9 volt DC battery test board and jumper cables this is the network I will provide input to make it easier for friends watch can see this arrow here the circuit is not connected an example of a connected circuit can see this arrow hopefully these tips are useful for friends if you already understand the network friends can immediately assemble on the test board final stage we plug in a 9 volt source then turn on the lite alternately or flip-flop we enter the 4th chain last try this time we use ldr sensor or light sensor I have made this sensor turning on electrical equipment 220 volts AC those who don't know can click on the top right corner this last experiment trained the friends to get to know the sensor very easily so keep watching this video till the end prepare the ldr sensor transistor npn 2n 2 2 2 2 prepare led with free color prepare a 100k tripod friends can also use a model like this and it's the same or of course use a potential meter 1 piece of resistor 1k om and 330 ohms prepare a 9 volt battery as the source test board and jumper cables this is the network and I will give tips to make things easier for friends can see in-pin 1 and 3 in-section such tripod must be connected hopefully these tips are useful for friends if you already know the network friends immediately practice everything on-board experiment the final stage we provide a 9 volt DC source here friends have to set up a tripod to adjust the sensitivity of the sensor set according to friends if it fits then the led will die if exposed to light This sensor many friends find in Street-lights almost all use this ldr sensor now know the secret Street lights around where friends live and we're at the end of the video we have thoroughly discussed the electronic components until basic theory hopefully this video is useful for friends in the world of electronics if friends like this video please like and subscribe for free at atmo production and share this video if it is useful for others Finally, I say thank you very much thank you for watching this video and see you in the next videos until found