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Overview of Australian Occupational Performance Model

Oct 24, 2024

Australian Occupational Performance Model (OPM)

Introduction

  • Developed by Christine Chapparo & Judy Ranka in 1986 at the University of Sydney.
  • Based on assumptions about human occupations, performance, and self-organization.

Key Assumptions

Human Occupations

  • Holistic belief: Interacting elements of mind, spirit, and body.
  • Engagement provides reality, mastery, competence, autonomy, and temporal organization.
  • Promotes health and occupational identity.

Human Performance

  • Goes beyond action to include knowing and being.
  • Involves reacting under circumstances or fulfilling purposes.

Self-Organization

  • People create patterns of behaviors.
  • Behaviors occur based on interaction with the environment.

Relationship Focus

  • Revolves around person, environment, and occupation.

Major Constructs

  1. Occupational Performance

    • Every purposeful action related to daily living.
    • Involves motor, physical, mental, and emotional processes.
    • Ability to perceive, desire, recall, plan, and carry out roles for self-maintenance, productivity, leisure, and rest.
  2. Occupational Performance Roles

    • Complex behaviors for social involvement and productivity.
    • Includes family, social, occupational, cultural, and sexual-personal roles.
    • Aim to preserve, maintain, and develop valued roles.
  3. Occupational Performance Areas

    • Self-Maintenance: Tasks for health and well-being (e.g., dressing, cooking).
    • Productivity/School: Tasks for producing goods/services.
    • Leisure/Play: Tasks for entertainment and creativity.
    • Rest: Purposeful non-activity like relaxation.
  4. Occupational Performance Components

    • Involves human and task components (physical, psychosocial, cognitive, sensory, motor).
    • Focus on analyzing components for better understanding and intervention.
  5. Core Elements

    • Spirit, mind, and body interaction for health and well-being.
    • Spirit: Harmony, hope, and search for meaning.
    • Mind: Conscious and unconscious intellect.
    • Body: Physical human structure.
  6. Environment

    • Categorized into physical, sensory, cultural, and social environments.
  7. Space

    • Describes external and internal space, including physical matter and spatial experience.
  8. Time

    • System of relating successive events.
    • Includes physical time and felt time.

Conclusion

  • Key aspects of the OPM highlight the complex interaction between various constructs and their impact on occupational therapy.

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