Chapter Summary: Crop Production and Management

foreign students and welcome to Baidu 6 7th and 8th grade Channel I'm your biology teacher Aishwarya and in this particular video we are going to be covering the chapter crop production and management where we will be doing a chapter summary in just under 30 minutes and this is a part of our ongoing series on our Channel crash course where we will revise your entire syllabus in 30 minutes each for every chapter so I hope all of you today are excited I hope all of you have your notebooks and pens ready with you as you are watching this video now if you have been a regular visitor and a regular subscriber of the Channel please make sure that you quickly hit the like button of this video so that we can get started but for those of you out there who've stumbled across this particular video and you are seeing us for the first time and wondering what happens in baiju 6 7th and 8th grade Channel I'm just going to take one minute of your time to quickly tell you what we do in Baidu 6 7th and 8th we believe that Champions are made here because what we believe is to make sure that we give you the highest quality of academics making sure that you have in-depth knowledge of all of your chapters because at the end of the day this is where you build your foundation so we pay a lot of attention to making sure that all of your academics gets covered in the best way possible but that's just not it we also make sure that we take a lot of upskilling classes for you like how to manage your time effectively helping you with effective note making methods easy tips to improve your English so we just don't focus on one thing but we look at your holistic development all together and repair this along with some engaging classes to make sure that this is your One-Stop destination for everything so if you believe that Champions are made here and you want to be a champion then please make sure that you subscribe to the channel and hit the Bell icon next to it so that you get the notifications of the channel at all times but then again if you feel like why should I subscribe then I will tell you to just stay here for five minutes and five minutes into this video you will be convinced that this is where you will get everything so without wasting any more time let's get started with today's chapter summary now of course for this particular chapter crop production and management which is as a part of ncrt I've already done a detailed One-Shot class so I will be tagging the video as well and you can click on the tag above in case if you want an in-depth One-Shot explanation with all of the details of this particular chapter but of course in this chapter I will be giving you a quick summarized version as a capsu now of course when we talk about crop production and management we are talking about the large-scale production of food and animal based products because at the end of the day when we talk about sources of food we know that they are both plant-based as well as animal based and we need food because they are the few food food is nothing but the fuel that drives our body now we know that we are able to do this large-scale production by a practice called agriculture so what is agriculture agriculture is nothing but a branch of science that deals with a large-scale production of commercially necessary crops and animal-based products now I did use a word crop and this whole chapter revolves around crops so what are these crops now this will be a one more question that you will definitely get so make please make sure that you put a star Mark in your textbook so crops are nothing but groups of plants that are cultivated on a large scale on the same piece of land so what do you see right behind me you see that there are different plots of land and in each plot of land you see that the same type of crop is being grown so this is what we call as a crop now the thing is we don't just use one kind of crop we use different we have different kinds of crops and different kinds of crops are nothing but different kinds of plants and at the end of the day they all require different climatic conditions they require a lot of water different types of water availability different amounts of temperature so on and so forth which is why based on their cropping season yes look at the word I'm using based on their cropping Seasons they can be classified into three categories that is cariff crops Robbie crops and Zed crops now of course on an ncrt front we see that cbse talks about these two tariff crops and Robbie crops but there's nothing wrong in learning a little bit more of course that is on Zed crops but this of course will not come on an examination fraud so let's first focus our attention into learning about tariff and Robbie crops now this easily is going to be a tumor question that will come as a difference based question differentiate between tariff and Robbie crops now when we talk about tariff crops we often also call them as Monsoon crops because they are sown during the Rainy Seasons around June July and they're harvested around September October time right and we see that Paddy Maize cotton groundnut are all examples of Cardiff crops but on the other hand when we talk about Robbie crops they are often known as winter crops right and we see that they are normally sown around October November time and they're harvested around you know February March time around that time and we see that wheat be grams mustard are all examples of gravy crops then of course we have our Zed crops Now Zed crops are often known as summer crops because they are grown during the summer season normally between March to May and we see that pumpkins cucumbers you know watermelons are all of the crops that we normally categorize as that crops because they are grown at you know during that summer season so with this of course on an examination front this is what you need to remember so please make a star Mark in your textbook but now of course to grow all of these crops right it's not like growing a plant in our garden just take the plant put it there allow it to grow maybe water it occasionally yes that's not how we go about it and because we're doing it at a large scale we need to make sure that the practices that we follow are proper which is where our seven agricultural practices come into the picture now this again is very important on an examination front where they will ask you to list down the seven agricultural practices in sequence right so please make sure that you know the sequence of agricultural practices now our first step is preparation of soil baby make sure that the soil is prepared to grow these crops at a large scale then we saw our seeds once the seed is sown if at all any additional nutrients are needed to be added they should be added to the soil once that is done we see that we provide it with water and irrigate it and after that we see that we allow the plant to grow now while the crops are growing if it also undesirable plants grow we get rid of them and of course eventually once it is fully mature we will harvest it post harvesting of course we will store it and then of course it will be sold to all of us so this right here starting with preparation sewing addition of nutrients irrigation removal of weeds harvesting and storage are the seven steps that you must know so let's Deep dive into understanding more about preparation of soil now preparation of soil is done by loosening and turning the soil which is what we call as flowing or tilling right and we see that this preparation of soil needs to be done it's a very very important step why because it allows for the roots to penetrate deeper right so it allows the roots to penetrate deeper into the soil and this is necessary so that it allows for the absorption of water and at the end of the day this water is also necessary for the crops to grow and we also know that loosening and turning of the soil also allows and affects the nutrient distribution making sure that the nutrients are distributed properly in the soil now how do I prepare my soil that is where certain tools or agricultural implements come into the picture now we see that these tools can be traditional tools or they could be modern tools right now we see the traditional tools normally require a lot of Labor and it takes a lot of time while modern tools on the other hand are more efficient and they require less labor and we see the large areas of land can be covered in lesser amount of time so for by preparation of soil I can use traditional implements like upload or a hoe now upload that is there is normally used for tilling but it is also used for removal of beads and we see that no at times it can be done manually with you know Farmers employed or we see that a ploy normally has a beam which can be attached to bulls and these bulls will then carry it while hose also can be used which is again a very manual tool which is normally used for Preparation and of course at times used for removal of weeds but of course in this case we see that a lot of time is taken to cover a large area right which is why over time modern implements have come into a picture where we have a cultivator that is attached to a tractor now the tractor would be driven and you see that at one go the cultivator prepares a large area of soil which thereby saves time and labor so now with this of course we have prepared our soil but then again The Next Step that we need to do is to sow our seeds now what is sowing sewing is nothing but laying of seeds in the soil now this is a very important step and how do we do this it is done in multiple ways in the earlier times of course there was a broadcasting method which was followed wherein the farmers would just randomly scatter the seeds or over time they have been using funnel sowing where they would use this particular tool they would attach it to a you know maybe a pair of bulls and using these funnels at the bottom they would sow the seeds but there were some disadvantages because first and foremost the seeds were not sown at a deep at a proper depth and they were not equidisted and if they are not equidistant they would compete with each other which is why a sea drill had more benefits because at the end of the day the seed drill would make sure that it was sown at a proper depth and they were spread properly across in the soil now of course good quality seeds had to be chosen not any random kind which is why normally seeds would be immersed in water and all the damaged seeds would normally float up on top and the healthy seeds would be at the bottom so healthy seeds would be then taken and then they would be sold now once it is sewn of course we feel like our job is done but the thing is for the seeds to grow and germinate they require nutrients now nutrients are of course naturally present in the soil right but again over time until now I have been using this word a lot that is large scale we're talking about large-scale production of all of these things right large scale production of crops so if I am growing a crop one after the other yes I'm growing crops simultaneously on my same piece of land I'm not giving my soil enough time to replenish its nutrients which is why at times I may need to add these nutrients so how will I add my nutrients I can add my Essential nutrients either in the form of manure or fertilizers now this right here is very very important on an examination front because a lot of questions can be asked from this particular topic so what are manures manures are organic matter which is obtained after decomposition of plants and animals right dead plants and animals and we see that it is obtained from the nature by the process of decomposition so they are eco-friendly while on the other hand when we talk about fertilizers we see that they are in organic salts right so we see that these are inorganic salts which are normally manufactured in factories and as compared to manuals and not very eco-friendly so let's Deep dive into learning more about manures now when we talk about advantages of mania first and foremost I told you it's obtained from nature right so on mixing the manure with the soil we see that it enhances the water holding capacity allowing more water to be retained allows more water to seep through the soil and because the soil is made porous also allows with the movement of gases as well now along with this what we also observe is that it improves or in increases the friendly microbes in the soil and improves soil texture now these advantages are very important to remember they can ask you this for four marks on a long answer format question but you also should be made aware of the disadvantages now the main disadvantage is that you don't know how many nutrients are there in the soil right we see that in this case It Could lack some of the essential nutrients because at the end of the day it's obtained from nature and again we see that storage is not easy right storing manual does not become easy but some added benefits that could also be there is that getting manure is relatively cheap and as mentioned it is also eco-friendly so if they ask you one of the advantages and disadvantages of manual you have definitely you know what to write long answer format question is a Sure Shot for this particular topic now moving on to the next one which is fertilizers now like I told you fertilizers are in organic salts and they have a definite amount of nutrients so we see that on adding the right amount of fertilizers it can improve the fertility of the soil and it's also very easy and portable and along with this we see that it's a quick solution for improving the yield so because it's a definite amount of our essential nutrients like nitrogen phosphorus and potassium we see that the yield is almost definite right Improvement of yield is almost definite but then again excessive use understand the term that I'm using excessive use of fertilizers can be harmful because at the end of the day they are chemicals right and we see that too much of chemicals in the soil can cause chemical imbalance right and this again can affect soil fertility fertilizer runoff can cause water pollution and it can be injurious to health also so this again is an easy four marker on writing and elaborating on advantages and disadvant pages of fertilizers now a compare contrast questions between fertilizers and manure can also be asked so please make sure that you do list both of them down as well if at all you are making your notes now along with this apart from you know using of manure and fertilizers there could be cropping patterns that could be used right so what are these cropping patterns that could be done so one such thing is crop rotation where you grow two crops alternatively or what I would say is one after the other right so one after the other when you grow crops what happens is that your choice of crops becomes important so here what do You observe behind me you can see that there at first I'm growing corn or Maize and post that I'm growing soya bean now soya bean Here Comes under the category of leguminous plants now leguminous plants are those plants wherein in their root nodules right so in their root nodules we see that there is a bacterium called as rhizobium and this rhizobium has the ability to perform nitrogen fixation where an atmospheric nitrogen is converted into usable forms so this right here becomes very very important to replenish the soil with nutrients so technically on growing soya bean I'm not only growing a plant or growing a crop but I'm also improving the soil fertility so that I can grow my next crop which is why crop rotation is most preferred when it comes to you know usage when we talk about improving soil fertility right so this is very very important again on an examination front so with this we have Sona we have prepared us our soils sonar seeds and we have added nutrients when necessary now the next thing comes is irrigation now irrigation is nothing but but providing water at regular intervals and we know that irrigation is necessary because at the end of the day water is also necessary for germination and it's required for a lot of processes which is why water can be provided in different ways or there are various methods of irrigation now again we have traditional methods wherein we have you know more chain Palm daily Rahat which were all used in the earlier days but one of the biggest disadvantages of using traditional methods was that there was a lot of wastage of water excess amount of water was being used which is why over time the modern methods came into the picture now in modern methods of course we have sprinkler method and of course we have the drip irrigation now in sprinkler method of course we saw that there were various tubes with nozzles on top right so we saw that there were these nozzles and from these nozzles we would see that water would be sprinkled across now normally a sprinkler method was used for uneven land right so for uneven land sprinkler method was used but for places which already experienced water scarcity or where there was not enough water and saving every drop of water was essential drip irrigation was used now in drip irrigation we saw that there were various networks and there would be these small nozzles that were there which would provide water drop by drop near the roots of the plant and that's why it is often known as drip irrigation and this of course conserves more water when compared to your sprinkler method right so these are different ways of which modern methods can be implemented now that we have provided it with water as well a crop will start to grow right our crops are growing everything is fine but there could be that at times along with our crops some unwanted or undesirable plants could be grown now these undesirable plants that grow along with our crops is what we call as wheat and why are these weeds not good for our crops because at the end of the day they will compete with our crops for sunlight nutrients and water and if there is a competition happening between the crops that we want or our desirable plant which is undesirable plant it could affect the growth of this oil as well right which is why they need to be removed and this process of removal of weeds is what we call as weeding now weeding can be done using traditional tools like kurpi or it could be done by using certain chemicals like 2 4 D which is a weedy site so what are we decides we decides are chemicals that will destroy the Weeds now we also see that there could be some biological agents right which could be used in this case as well so now of course what have we done we have gotten rid of the weeds as well now as we allow our crops to grow there will reach a point when all the crops will mature and then we will harvest it right so we see that if this was my piece of land where I'm growing my crops and all my crops have matured I will cut my crops closer to the base and this process is what we call as hard resting making sure that we get all of these matured crops now this can be again done using a sickle manually or we see that there are you know modern tools by which we are able to carry this out now once we have harvested at times maybe for you know rice and wheat where we need to obtain the grains right so here in this case it's not that I need the whole crop as it is I need a part of it for rice and wheat I require the grains so how do I get the grains so first and foremost I need to separate my grains from the stock and this process of Separation so I'm writing this down because this is also very important on an examination front so separation of grains from straw and how do we separate it by beating it right by beating it and separating it out is what we call as threshing and once we have separated it all the shaft or the undesirable parts that remain also need to get separated out and this is again done manually so separation of seeds from Chef is what we call as binoing so that the shaft being a little more lightweight will separate out and the green grains being more denser will fall down as it is and this process is what we call as benoing and we see that threshing and minnowing are two very important steps when it comes to the post harvesting techniques now that we have separated out all the unwanted things it's time for me to sell it now it's not there at one go whatever I produce as a farmer I will be able to sell it out there will be a part of it which I will need to store right so storage also is necessary so that at the end of the day when I'm cultivating it at Large Scale I store my crop so that it can then be transported to different parts now storing can be done either by you know storing it in jute bags or in metallic bins but storing steps or while storing certain precautions need to be taken because we see that these grains that are there could be you know subjected to damage by some pests or maybe small animals that are there there could be certain microorganisms that could grow on it like certain fungus because at the end of the day if there is moisture that is there on the grains this will serve as a source for the growth of these microbes and again of course they could be attacked by insects as well which is why in order to overcome this we see that sun drying is very very important Sun drying and making sure that it is absolutely dry and there's not enough moisture present and we've gotten rid of it that is Step number one step number two is addition of neem leaves because neems tend to have a characteristic smell right and we see that this characteristic smile and certain chemical components will drive away the pests and prevent growth of microbes so with this of course we see there are storage challenges and they will ask you what are the storage challenges and what precautions can we take so again on an examination front this is very very important right so please make a note of this so with us of course we come to the end-to-end understanding of how crops are grown at a large scale but I told you agriculture was not just about growing crops but it was also about rearing animals so this process right or this branch of Agriculture that deals with rearing of animals at a large scale is what we call as animal husbandry so we see that we have cattle we have poultry we have fish farming all of these different branches under animal husbandry where we rare these animals for commercial benefits so with this if you see under 30 minutes we have finished our entire chapter summary now do you want to check if you have understood this chapter thoroughly if you have done your end-to-end preparation if you want to check here's a exam prep test now in the link or in the description below you will find a link to a Google form where you will have a few questions now I need you to solve those questions and in the comments below right so in the comments below I need you to tell me how much you scored what was your score for this particular prep test and after every chapter summary we will be doing this to make sure that you have end to end thorough understanding of every chapter so if you found this session helpful and if you have taken your exam prep test trust me you have covered or you are a master at crop production and management and of course before I wind up here's a reminder for the buyer choose National Scholastic and personality test which is happening from 21st of Jan to 5th of Feb so it's happening during the weekends right and you have three slots wherein it will be a test for Matson signs and of course it is happening for free in the by juice tuition Center or in the BTC centers now why is this particular test imported first and foremost this particular test will also be serving you like a mock test and it'll help you understand how much you are aware of but at the end of the day this particular test will also be giving you a personalized academic report that will tell you what are your strong points what are your weak points where you need to work on what are some of your behavioral analysis that it will do it will also identify your capabilities and will also give you suggested career options so this right here is not just a normal academic mock test that's happening but it will also give you an in-depth analysis and this is something that you need to go for and along with this you stand a chance to win scholarship as well so this is something that will definitely help you for your future so everybody again the link is there in the description below to register for the bnspt test so do not forget to register and of course you know we've got you covered right and if you believe that byju 628 is where you need to be then please make sure that you hit the like button and you do not forget to share this video with your friends and tell them that hey I learned from here and I found Crop Production easy and this is where you need to be and of course to have more updates on what we do on the channel do not forget to subscribe so with this of course I will be signing you or I'll be signing off see you very soon up until then bye everybody take care

foreign students and welcome to Baidu 6 7th and 8th grade Channel I&#39;m your biology teacher Aishwarya and in this particular video we are going to be covering the chapter crop production and management where we will be doing a chapter summary in just under 30 minutes and this is a part of our ongoing series on our Channel crash course where we will revise your entire syllabus in 30 minutes each for every chapter so I hope all of you today are excited I hope all of you have your notebooks and pens ready with you as you are watching this video now if you have been a regular visitor and a regular subscriber of the Channel please make sure that you quickly hit the like button of this video so that we can get started but for those of you out there who&#39;ve stumbled across this particular video and you are seeing us for the first time and wondering what happens in baiju 6 7th and 8th grade Channel I&#39;m just going to take one minute of your time to quickly tell you what we do in Baidu 6 7th and 8th we believe that Champions are made here because what we believe is to make sure that we give you the highest quality of academics making sure that you have in-depth knowledge of all of your chapters because at the end of the day this is where you build your foundation so we pay a lot of attention to making sure that all of your academics gets covered in the best way possible but that&#39;s just not it we also make sure that we take a lot of upskilling classes for you like how to manage your time effectively helping you with effective note making methods easy tips to improve your English so we just don&#39;t focus on one thing but we look at your holistic development all together and repair this along with some engaging classes to make sure that this is your One-Stop destination for everything so if you believe that Champions are made here and you want to be a champion then please make sure that you subscribe to the channel and hit the Bell icon next to it so that you get the notifications of the channel at all times but then again if you feel like why should I subscribe then I will tell you to just stay here for five minutes and five minutes into this video you will be convinced that this is where you will get everything so without wasting any more time let&#39;s get started with today&#39;s chapter summary now of course for this particular chapter crop production and management which is as a part of ncrt I&#39;ve already done a detailed One-Shot class so I will be tagging the video as well and you can click on the tag above in case if you want an in-depth One-Shot explanation with all of the details of this particular chapter but of course in this chapter I will be giving you a quick summarized version as a capsu now of course when we talk about crop production and management we are talking about the large-scale production of food and animal based products because at the end of the day when we talk about sources of food we know that they are both plant-based as well as animal based and we need food because they are the few food food is nothing but the fuel that drives our body now we know that we are able to do this large-scale production by a practice called agriculture so what is agriculture agriculture is nothing but a branch of science that deals with a large-scale production of commercially necessary crops and animal-based products now I did use a word crop and this whole chapter revolves around crops so what are these crops now this will be a one more question that you will definitely get so make please make sure that you put a star Mark in your textbook so crops are nothing but groups of plants that are cultivated on a large scale on the same piece of land so what do you see right behind me you see that there are different plots of land and in each plot of land you see that the same type of crop is being grown so this is what we call as a crop now the thing is we don&#39;t just use one kind of crop we use different we have different kinds of crops and different kinds of crops are nothing but different kinds of plants and at the end of the day they all require different climatic conditions they require a lot of water different types of water availability different amounts of temperature so on and so forth which is why based on their cropping season yes look at the word I&#39;m using based on their cropping Seasons they can be classified into three categories that is cariff crops Robbie crops and Zed crops now of course on an ncrt front we see that cbse talks about these two tariff crops and Robbie crops but there&#39;s nothing wrong in learning a little bit more of course that is on Zed crops but this of course will not come on an examination fraud so let&#39;s first focus our attention into learning about tariff and Robbie crops now this easily is going to be a tumor question that will come as a difference based question differentiate between tariff and Robbie crops now when we talk about tariff crops we often also call them as Monsoon crops because they are sown during the Rainy Seasons around June July and they&#39;re harvested around September October time right and we see that Paddy Maize cotton groundnut are all examples of Cardiff crops but on the other hand when we talk about Robbie crops they are often known as winter crops right and we see that they are normally sown around October November time and they&#39;re harvested around you know February March time around that time and we see that wheat be grams mustard are all examples of gravy crops then of course we have our Zed crops Now Zed crops are often known as summer crops because they are grown during the summer season normally between March to May and we see that pumpkins cucumbers you know watermelons are all of the crops that we normally categorize as that crops because they are grown at you know during that summer season so with this of course on an examination front this is what you need to remember so please make a star Mark in your textbook but now of course to grow all of these crops right it&#39;s not like growing a plant in our garden just take the plant put it there allow it to grow maybe water it occasionally yes that&#39;s not how we go about it and because we&#39;re doing it at a large scale we need to make sure that the practices that we follow are proper which is where our seven agricultural practices come into the picture now this again is very important on an examination front where they will ask you to list down the seven agricultural practices in sequence right so please make sure that you know the sequence of agricultural practices now our first step is preparation of soil baby make sure that the soil is prepared to grow these crops at a large scale then we saw our seeds once the seed is sown if at all any additional nutrients are needed to be added they should be added to the soil once that is done we see that we provide it with water and irrigate it and after that we see that we allow the plant to grow now while the crops are growing if it also undesirable plants grow we get rid of them and of course eventually once it is fully mature we will harvest it post harvesting of course we will store it and then of course it will be sold to all of us so this right here starting with preparation sewing addition of nutrients irrigation removal of weeds harvesting and storage are the seven steps that you must know so let&#39;s Deep dive into understanding more about preparation of soil now preparation of soil is done by loosening and turning the soil which is what we call as flowing or tilling right and we see that this preparation of soil needs to be done it&#39;s a very very important step why because it allows for the roots to penetrate deeper right so it allows the roots to penetrate deeper into the soil and this is necessary so that it allows for the absorption of water and at the end of the day this water is also necessary for the crops to grow and we also know that loosening and turning of the soil also allows and affects the nutrient distribution making sure that the nutrients are distributed properly in the soil now how do I prepare my soil that is where certain tools or agricultural implements come into the picture now we see that these tools can be traditional tools or they could be modern tools right now we see the traditional tools normally require a lot of Labor and it takes a lot of time while modern tools on the other hand are more efficient and they require less labor and we see the large areas of land can be covered in lesser amount of time so for by preparation of soil I can use traditional implements like upload or a hoe now upload that is there is normally used for tilling but it is also used for removal of beads and we see that no at times it can be done manually with you know Farmers employed or we see that a ploy normally has a beam which can be attached to bulls and these bulls will then carry it while hose also can be used which is again a very manual tool which is normally used for Preparation and of course at times used for removal of weeds but of course in this case we see that a lot of time is taken to cover a large area right which is why over time modern implements have come into a picture where we have a cultivator that is attached to a tractor now the tractor would be driven and you see that at one go the cultivator prepares a large area of soil which thereby saves time and labor so now with this of course we have prepared our soil but then again The Next Step that we need to do is to sow our seeds now what is sowing sewing is nothing but laying of seeds in the soil now this is a very important step and how do we do this it is done in multiple ways in the earlier times of course there was a broadcasting method which was followed wherein the farmers would just randomly scatter the seeds or over time they have been using funnel sowing where they would use this particular tool they would attach it to a you know maybe a pair of bulls and using these funnels at the bottom they would sow the seeds but there were some disadvantages because first and foremost the seeds were not sown at a deep at a proper depth and they were not equidisted and if they are not equidistant they would compete with each other which is why a sea drill had more benefits because at the end of the day the seed drill would make sure that it was sown at a proper depth and they were spread properly across in the soil now of course good quality seeds had to be chosen not any random kind which is why normally seeds would be immersed in water and all the damaged seeds would normally float up on top and the healthy seeds would be at the bottom so healthy seeds would be then taken and then they would be sold now once it is sewn of course we feel like our job is done but the thing is for the seeds to grow and germinate they require nutrients now nutrients are of course naturally present in the soil right but again over time until now I have been using this word a lot that is large scale we&#39;re talking about large-scale production of all of these things right large scale production of crops so if I am growing a crop one after the other yes I&#39;m growing crops simultaneously on my same piece of land I&#39;m not giving my soil enough time to replenish its nutrients which is why at times I may need to add these nutrients so how will I add my nutrients I can add my Essential nutrients either in the form of manure or fertilizers now this right here is very very important on an examination front because a lot of questions can be asked from this particular topic so what are manures manures are organic matter which is obtained after decomposition of plants and animals right dead plants and animals and we see that it is obtained from the nature by the process of decomposition so they are eco-friendly while on the other hand when we talk about fertilizers we see that they are in organic salts right so we see that these are inorganic salts which are normally manufactured in factories and as compared to manuals and not very eco-friendly so let&#39;s Deep dive into learning more about manures now when we talk about advantages of mania first and foremost I told you it&#39;s obtained from nature right so on mixing the manure with the soil we see that it enhances the water holding capacity allowing more water to be retained allows more water to seep through the soil and because the soil is made porous also allows with the movement of gases as well now along with this what we also observe is that it improves or in increases the friendly microbes in the soil and improves soil texture now these advantages are very important to remember they can ask you this for four marks on a long answer format question but you also should be made aware of the disadvantages now the main disadvantage is that you don&#39;t know how many nutrients are there in the soil right we see that in this case It Could lack some of the essential nutrients because at the end of the day it&#39;s obtained from nature and again we see that storage is not easy right storing manual does not become easy but some added benefits that could also be there is that getting manure is relatively cheap and as mentioned it is also eco-friendly so if they ask you one of the advantages and disadvantages of manual you have definitely you know what to write long answer format question is a Sure Shot for this particular topic now moving on to the next one which is fertilizers now like I told you fertilizers are in organic salts and they have a definite amount of nutrients so we see that on adding the right amount of fertilizers it can improve the fertility of the soil and it&#39;s also very easy and portable and along with this we see that it&#39;s a quick solution for improving the yield so because it&#39;s a definite amount of our essential nutrients like nitrogen phosphorus and potassium we see that the yield is almost definite right Improvement of yield is almost definite but then again excessive use understand the term that I&#39;m using excessive use of fertilizers can be harmful because at the end of the day they are chemicals right and we see that too much of chemicals in the soil can cause chemical imbalance right and this again can affect soil fertility fertilizer runoff can cause water pollution and it can be injurious to health also so this again is an easy four marker on writing and elaborating on advantages and disadvant pages of fertilizers now a compare contrast questions between fertilizers and manure can also be asked so please make sure that you do list both of them down as well if at all you are making your notes now along with this apart from you know using of manure and fertilizers there could be cropping patterns that could be used right so what are these cropping patterns that could be done so one such thing is crop rotation where you grow two crops alternatively or what I would say is one after the other right so one after the other when you grow crops what happens is that your choice of crops becomes important so here what do You observe behind me you can see that there at first I&#39;m growing corn or Maize and post that I&#39;m growing soya bean now soya bean Here Comes under the category of leguminous plants now leguminous plants are those plants wherein in their root nodules right so in their root nodules we see that there is a bacterium called as rhizobium and this rhizobium has the ability to perform nitrogen fixation where an atmospheric nitrogen is converted into usable forms so this right here becomes very very important to replenish the soil with nutrients so technically on growing soya bean I&#39;m not only growing a plant or growing a crop but I&#39;m also improving the soil fertility so that I can grow my next crop which is why crop rotation is most preferred when it comes to you know usage when we talk about improving soil fertility right so this is very very important again on an examination front so with this we have Sona we have prepared us our soils sonar seeds and we have added nutrients when necessary now the next thing comes is irrigation now irrigation is nothing but but providing water at regular intervals and we know that irrigation is necessary because at the end of the day water is also necessary for germination and it&#39;s required for a lot of processes which is why water can be provided in different ways or there are various methods of irrigation now again we have traditional methods wherein we have you know more chain Palm daily Rahat which were all used in the earlier days but one of the biggest disadvantages of using traditional methods was that there was a lot of wastage of water excess amount of water was being used which is why over time the modern methods came into the picture now in modern methods of course we have sprinkler method and of course we have the drip irrigation now in sprinkler method of course we saw that there were various tubes with nozzles on top right so we saw that there were these nozzles and from these nozzles we would see that water would be sprinkled across now normally a sprinkler method was used for uneven land right so for uneven land sprinkler method was used but for places which already experienced water scarcity or where there was not enough water and saving every drop of water was essential drip irrigation was used now in drip irrigation we saw that there were various networks and there would be these small nozzles that were there which would provide water drop by drop near the roots of the plant and that&#39;s why it is often known as drip irrigation and this of course conserves more water when compared to your sprinkler method right so these are different ways of which modern methods can be implemented now that we have provided it with water as well a crop will start to grow right our crops are growing everything is fine but there could be that at times along with our crops some unwanted or undesirable plants could be grown now these undesirable plants that grow along with our crops is what we call as wheat and why are these weeds not good for our crops because at the end of the day they will compete with our crops for sunlight nutrients and water and if there is a competition happening between the crops that we want or our desirable plant which is undesirable plant it could affect the growth of this oil as well right which is why they need to be removed and this process of removal of weeds is what we call as weeding now weeding can be done using traditional tools like kurpi or it could be done by using certain chemicals like 2 4 D which is a weedy site so what are we decides we decides are chemicals that will destroy the Weeds now we also see that there could be some biological agents right which could be used in this case as well so now of course what have we done we have gotten rid of the weeds as well now as we allow our crops to grow there will reach a point when all the crops will mature and then we will harvest it right so we see that if this was my piece of land where I&#39;m growing my crops and all my crops have matured I will cut my crops closer to the base and this process is what we call as hard resting making sure that we get all of these matured crops now this can be again done using a sickle manually or we see that there are you know modern tools by which we are able to carry this out now once we have harvested at times maybe for you know rice and wheat where we need to obtain the grains right so here in this case it&#39;s not that I need the whole crop as it is I need a part of it for rice and wheat I require the grains so how do I get the grains so first and foremost I need to separate my grains from the stock and this process of Separation so I&#39;m writing this down because this is also very important on an examination front so separation of grains from straw and how do we separate it by beating it right by beating it and separating it out is what we call as threshing and once we have separated it all the shaft or the undesirable parts that remain also need to get separated out and this is again done manually so separation of seeds from Chef is what we call as binoing so that the shaft being a little more lightweight will separate out and the green grains being more denser will fall down as it is and this process is what we call as benoing and we see that threshing and minnowing are two very important steps when it comes to the post harvesting techniques now that we have separated out all the unwanted things it&#39;s time for me to sell it now it&#39;s not there at one go whatever I produce as a farmer I will be able to sell it out there will be a part of it which I will need to store right so storage also is necessary so that at the end of the day when I&#39;m cultivating it at Large Scale I store my crop so that it can then be transported to different parts now storing can be done either by you know storing it in jute bags or in metallic bins but storing steps or while storing certain precautions need to be taken because we see that these grains that are there could be you know subjected to damage by some pests or maybe small animals that are there there could be certain microorganisms that could grow on it like certain fungus because at the end of the day if there is moisture that is there on the grains this will serve as a source for the growth of these microbes and again of course they could be attacked by insects as well which is why in order to overcome this we see that sun drying is very very important Sun drying and making sure that it is absolutely dry and there&#39;s not enough moisture present and we&#39;ve gotten rid of it that is Step number one step number two is addition of neem leaves because neems tend to have a characteristic smell right and we see that this characteristic smile and certain chemical components will drive away the pests and prevent growth of microbes so with this of course we see there are storage challenges and they will ask you what are the storage challenges and what precautions can we take so again on an examination front this is very very important right so please make a note of this so with us of course we come to the end-to-end understanding of how crops are grown at a large scale but I told you agriculture was not just about growing crops but it was also about rearing animals so this process right or this branch of Agriculture that deals with rearing of animals at a large scale is what we call as animal husbandry so we see that we have cattle we have poultry we have fish farming all of these different branches under animal husbandry where we rare these animals for commercial benefits so with this if you see under 30 minutes we have finished our entire chapter summary now do you want to check if you have understood this chapter thoroughly if you have done your end-to-end preparation if you want to check here&#39;s a exam prep test now in the link or in the description below you will find a link to a Google form where you will have a few questions now I need you to solve those questions and in the comments below right so in the comments below I need you to tell me how much you scored what was your score for this particular prep test and after every chapter summary we will be doing this to make sure that you have end to end thorough understanding of every chapter so if you found this session helpful and if you have taken your exam prep test trust me you have covered or you are a master at crop production and management and of course before I wind up here&#39;s a reminder for the buyer choose National Scholastic and personality test which is happening from 21st of Jan to 5th of Feb so it&#39;s happening during the weekends right and you have three slots wherein it will be a test for Matson signs and of course it is happening for free in the by juice tuition Center or in the BTC centers now why is this particular test imported first and foremost this particular test will also be serving you like a mock test and it&#39;ll help you understand how much you are aware of but at the end of the day this particular test will also be giving you a personalized academic report that will tell you what are your strong points what are your weak points where you need to work on what are some of your behavioral analysis that it will do it will also identify your capabilities and will also give you suggested career options so this right here is not just a normal academic mock test that&#39;s happening but it will also give you an in-depth analysis and this is something that you need to go for and along with this you stand a chance to win scholarship as well so this is something that will definitely help you for your future so everybody again the link is there in the description below to register for the bnspt test so do not forget to register and of course you know 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Transcript for:Chapter Summary: Crop Production and Management

Transcript for:
Chapter Summary: Crop Production and Management