Essential Networking Concepts for Cybersecurity

Feb 3, 2025

Networking for Cybersecurity

Introduction

  • Understanding networking is essential for entering cybersecurity.
  • Common misconception: extensive networking knowledge required.
  • Focus on essential networking concepts for job interviews and certifications.

Key Networking Concepts

TCP vs UDP

  • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
    • Reliable delivery through acknowledgment of received data.
    • Three-way handshake: SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK.
    • Handles out-of-order data packets.
    • Common in scenarios where data integrity is crucial.
  • UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
    • Connectionless, sends data without acknowledgment.
    • No guarantee of data delivery or order.
    • Used in applications where speed is prioritized over accuracy.

IP and Ports

  • IP Delivery sends data between IP addresses.
  • Ports function like rooms in a house, each assigned a specific task.
  • Common port examples:
    • HTTP: port 80 (can also run on 8080, 8081, etc.)
    • SSH: often on port 22, but can be assigned to other ports.

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)

  • Encrypted connection between web servers and browsers.
  • Ensures data privacy through encrypted data transfer.

OSI Model

  • Seven Layers of OSI Model
    1. Physical
    2. Data Link
    3. Network
    4. Transport
    5. Session
    6. Presentation
    7. Application
  • Understanding these layers is crucial for diagnosing network issues and communicating effectively in cybersecurity roles.

Tools and Protocols

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

  • Maps IP addresses to physical machines on a local network.
  • Useful in identifying and targeting machines in a network.

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)

  • Creates secure tunnels within a local network.
  • Allows specific communication between groups of machines.

Additional Tips

  • Memorize common ports to efficiently diagnose and attack networks.
  • Focus on the practical application of networking concepts in cybersecurity scenarios.

Conclusion

  • These core networking concepts are essential for cybersecurity job interviews and certifications.
  • Understanding these basics will aid in efficiently navigating the cybersecurity landscape.