let's talk about naming acids we'll learn how to look at the chemical formula for an acid and write a name for it this video is going to be an introduction to the topic and then the next video is going to be a lot of example problems so you can really get some practice doing this so if we're going to be talking about naming acids let's start out by asking what's an acid in the first place well there are many ways to Define acids but for what we're going to be doing here I will say that an acid is a compound in which one or more H+ ions are bonded or connected to a negative ion now this isn't a perfect definition but it's going to work really well for what we're doing here so here I've got a list of some common acids and we can break each one of these acids down into an H+ part and a negative ion part some of these negative ions are individual elements like f minus or F2 minus here other ones of these negative ions ions are groups of elements that together have a charge these are polyatomic ions like this one and this one now just like in any ionic formula the positive charge and the negative charge has to balance out that means that the charge from the H+ equals the charge from whatever the negative ion is so in this case we have one H+ with a charge of 1 plus balancing out 1 F minus which has a charge of one minus they balance in this case the negative ion has a 2 minus charge so we have to have two H+ to balance out the two minus charge from this now why am I talking so much about ions if what we want to do is name acids well it's for this really simple reason and that is that when we're naming an acid the name of an acid is based on the name of the negative ion that's part of that acid so when I look at the formula for an acid and I want to name it I've got to separate it just like I did here into the H+ part and the negative ion part I got to figure out what this negative ion is then I figure out what the name of the negative ion is and then based on the name of that negative ion that I've figured out I can then write the name for the acid so let's talk about doing this with a few examples there are really two types of acids ones that have oxygen like these and ones that don't don't have oxygen there are different rules for how we name them so let's start out doing some examples with acids that don't have oxygen our first example is HCl definitely no oxygen here so the first thing that I want to do is break this up into the two ions that it's made up of okay one of these is obviously H+ because it's an acid and the second ion is CL minus right I knew that it was going to be CL and it has to be one minus because the charge on H is 1 plus and they have to balance each other out okay so the negative ion that we're going to be working with here is CL minus the first thing that I want to do is figure out what the name of this is so here I've got this list CL minus we call this chloride so in order to name this acid here we're going to use these rules if the negative ion in the acid ends in ide you take off the IDE and then you stick this name between hydro and ick so this is chloride we take off the ID and we put Chlor between hydro and ick so we call this HCL we call this hydrochloric acid let's do another hbr we're going to take this and break it up into the two ions it's made of one of them is H+ because it's an acid and the other is going to be BR and it's going to be BR 1 minus this is 1 minus because it's got to cancel out the 1 plus charge that we get from the 1 H+ okay so the negative ion that we're going to be working with here is BR minus we take a look at this chart BR minus we call it bromide so to name this acid that has bromide in it we're going to follow these rules we take the IDE off we take this stem Brom and we stick it between hydro and I so we're going to get hydro brome I acid hydrobromic acid so that's how we name these acids without oxygen where the negative ion ends in ide now let's take a look at how we name acids that have oxygen in them in acids with oxygen the negative ions are poly Atomic ions like these that have oxygen combined with other elements and that group of elements together has a charge these polyatomic ions end in at and it 8 and it and these endings are what we're going to be looking at when we name acids that contain these polyatomic ions now it's really important to be able to recognize the polyatomic ions so you know what to call them when you run into them I'm going to be using this chart in the video but I re recommend that you memorize a whole bunch of the polyatomic ions hopefully your teacher can suggest a list for you to learn so that you'll be able to do problems like these as we move ahead here's just a little review of what we did previously so here's our first acid with oxygen that we're going to name hno3 we're going to break this up into the ions that make it up one of those ions is going to be an H+ here and the other one of the elements is going to be NO3 NO3 1us it's everything else and the negative charge here the 1 minus balances out the 1 plus on the hydrogen now this NO3 is the negative ion that we're working with so what's its name it's a polyatomic ion so I'm going to look at my list of polyatomic ions this polyatomic ion is called nitrate so that means that I'm going to be using this rule for naming the acid if the negative ion ends in at we take off the at and we add an I so I'm going to go from nitrate here to nitric acid 8 to I let's do another example here we have H2 CO3 we're going to break this into the ions and make it up now there are two hydrogens here so we're going to do 2 H+ that's one part of it and then the other part of it is everything else so it's going to be CO3 and the charge on this is going to be 2us it's got to be 2us to balance out the 2+ charge that we get from the two hydrogens okay this is our negative ion so we want to name it it's a polyatomic ion and co32 minus is carbonate I got that right here so I don't have to write it in carbonate so now using these rules the name of the ion ends in at so I'm going to take off that at I'm going to replace it with I C so I'm going to call this carbon and then I carbonic acid so that's how we name acids that contain ions that end in at we take off the at from the negative ion name and then we put ick and we add acid carbonate goes to carbonic acid nitrate goes to nitric acid now the other type of polyatomic ion ends in it let's look at how we we name acids containing these here we have hno2 we're going to break this apart into H+ and then the polyatomic ion which is everything else NO2 with a one minus charge NO2 1 minus what's the name of it it is nitrite and the rules that we use to name these are that if it ends in it you remove the it and then you put o acid so we go from nitr to nitrous acid so nitrous acid is what we call the acid that contains nitrite as it's negative ion here's one more example of how we do this naming with it we have this acid here we break it apart into H+ and then everything else which is going to be C2 with a one minus charge to balance out the one plus charge the name of this negative ion here C2 2 1 minus is chromite which means that the name of the acid that contains it is going to be Chrome I take off the it I replace it with O and then I add acid so it has chromite in it we call it chromos acid so these are the rules for naming acids based on the name of the negative ion that's in that acid how are you going to remember them here is a great pneumonic that I really like okay my ride has hydraulics this isn't actually how we spell Hydraulics but you know whatever so ID Hydro so that's how you name this type of acid and then I ate something icky because uh acids that contain ions with at at the end are named with IC okay and then finally Sprite it is delicious o us so remember these three sentences you'll never ever have a problem with naming acids I love this it's great particularly this with a ride that has hydraulics it might be a Lona GX cell I don't know I want to talk about some important exceptions with naming acids we learn these rules but there are few acids that don't quite follow them and they actually turn out to be very common acids all right so they are these four acids here that contain the negative ions phosphate phosphite sulfate and sulfite okay so if we took this acid and tried to name it using the rules that we've learned we turn the at from phosphate into ick and so we call it phos fic acid that's actually not quite what it is the name of this acid is actually phosphoric acid you have to add this o before the IC I have no idea why it's like that but I just want to let you know because if you were being very logical about it and follow the rules that that we've learned you'd actually be wrong so I just want to make sure that you know how to name this acid and similarly this here which is phosphite you might think that it should be phosphos acid but we do the same thing we add this o so it's phosphorus acid okay now for sulfate down here it's not sulfi acid but we also add a little something here it's sulfuric acid we add the UR and for this which is sulfite we call this sulfurous acid so for phosphate phosphite we add o for sulfate sulfite we add the UR these are the only acids that have names that are a little bit different from the ones that the rules would suggest just learn these they still end in the right ending it's just this little bit that we got to add in between the ending and the end of the element name now sometimes people get a little bit tripped up when they're naming acids that contain polyatomic ions that start with hypo or per because these are a little bit different and they don't start right away with the element name but naming acids that contain these ions is just the same as any other all we want to do is look at the ending on these ions so for example this acid here that has permanganate it ends in at so that's the only thing you have to worry about we change the at to an IC and we call this permanganic acid this acid here contains hypo chlorite but only pay attention to this it we change it to an ous and we name this hypoc chlorus acid so if you run into a hypo or a per polyatomic ion don't worry about it just focus on the letters at the very end so that's how we name acids we take a look at the negative ion that they have in them we look at the end of that negative ion and then we use these rules to figure out what we should call the acid definitely learn this nemonic so that you won't have to worry about naming it'll just totally make sense because you will have memorized this stuff and then finally check out my next video which is a lot of example problems so you can get a lot of practice with this