Understanding Transcription and Genetic Code

The teaching of Vedantu was amazing. One aspect where Vedantu teaching differed from a normal offline coaching was the attention teachers gave to our doubts. No matter how many times we asked a doubt, the teachers would patiently clear the doubt every single time. And they made learning a very fantastic experience for us. Hi kids! Good evening, welcome to the super cool, super awesome and absolutely amazing class. We are doing molecular basis of genetics which is very very important. Or in today's class I am going to be doing transcription as well as the genetic code with you. So stay tuned both transcription and the genetic code. Good evening, very important. I know you are tired. Yes. Hey, don't worry. After that you will get time to relax and do your self studies. But I can only tell you one thing. Replication we finished in the last class if you remember. When I revise it, I will do it again with you. So you remember we did topoisomerase, gyrase, helicase, leading, ladding strand, all of this in the next class. Yes? How are you Sona? Hello everybody. So let's start with transcription and genetic code. Done? Shuru kare aaj ki class everybody? Yes? And don't forget, kal hum koshish karenge ki hum translation again in the evening kare. Not tired you guys? Excellent. And I'm trying to do translation in the evening tomorrow. Not at all. I'm not at all tired. See this. Yes. Not at all tired. It's just this that I have a sore throat. So that will take some time. Done everybody. Let's start. Hi Josh. Everybody. Right. Let's go. So tomorrow at 11 o'clock, tomorrow in the evening again we'll do class 12. And the morning class at 11 o'clock, I'm going to be telling you everything you need to know about AFMC. Done? Chaliyar. So let's start today's super cool class. Any doubts? Let's start today's super amazing super cool class. Get fresh in the next half an hour. We will finish off total transcription and genetic code. This is our amazing telegram group. Amazing, amazing, amazing telegram group. So make sure that you join our telegram group. It will solve all your doubts, you know, you have a little problem in understanding, you don't know how to do revision. All these things will be solved. And today, after 5 minutes, there will be a mentee quiz. Did you see the announcement of our super cool Chotu Motu channel? If you haven't seen it, then go and see it now. And today's surprise is that we have a micro course for you. In which you can do one one chapter. Like yesterday we are going to meet again for webinar. So we have a micro course. It's very cool. Use the code VDMIC. That's my name. VDMIC is the code to get 95% off. How much off? 95% off. Everybody. There is Menti too. So use the code VDMIC. Micro courses, Kana, Kishan, one chapter in two or three classes. They are very, very efficient. The chapter with problem, look at the micro course of that chapter. So, VDMIC is the code. Done? You can see it on Vedantu. I will make it 95% for my favorite biotonians. 95%. Where do you want to see? Go to the app. Download the app. You will get micro courses there. Done? Is it Manvi? Thank you. Let's go. So can we start today's class? Can we start today's class? Come on. And don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our amazing channel. Done? Let's go. So let's start. Do you know how important chapter is? Out of this, one question is 100% genetic code. Or transcription say I said a hundred percent you understand do you understand how important this chapter is so sure to carry sugar curry Charlie So let's come to transcription before I start transcription. You need to understand cake A scientist, Pindrop Silence, the whole study has started now. The whole study has started, Pindrop Silence. So there was a scientist, his name was F.H.C. Crick. What was his name? F.H.C. Crick. What did F.H.C. Crick say? F.H.C. Crick said something which is called Central Dogma of Molecular... Molecular biology. What did he say? Central dogma of molecular biology. What is dogma? Dogma is any situation which we don't understand. So there is a... English word called dogmatic it's a English word called dogmatic dogmatic is any situation just some management I any situation which we don't understand is called a central dogma of molecular biology so I'm gonna be in a key bar Karo DNA DNA banata with a process called as replication so there's a process called replication by which DNA makes DNA there's a process which I'm going to teach you today just come transcription KT by which it makes RNA and this RNA will make proteins with the help of a process which is called as translation so job the creek may yes sorry but may he Katie the job the FFC creek may yes sorry but in the heat I think I may We didn't know whether such a process even happens or not. We didn't know. Only FHC Crick said this and we came to know. In today's class, I am going to be focusing on DNA making RNA. In today's class, I am going to be focusing on DNA making RNA. You should know that RNA has to be made into proteins. Is that clear? So, amino acids have to be attached to make proteins. To make proteins, amino acids are used to make proteins. attach hona hai. So amino acids ko attach hona hai. Amino acids ko lekar aara hai tRNA and transfer RNA. So, is process ko hone ke liye, RNA ko single stranded hona hai. Tabhi, mRNA ke upar tRNA attach hoga. That is why the RNA has to be single stranded. Abhi baat nikli hi hai toh main aapko kuch batati hoon. Aaj ki class itni important hai ki yeh mera aapse promise hai. Okay. It's my promise right at the beginning of the class. See the whole class, 100% a question will be answered in the exam. There is no doubt in this. The kids who had only 5 or 6 classes of KVPY, only 5 or 6 classes of KVPY, their questions have also been answered. Direct. So please listen to this carefully. RNA, if it is mRNA, then it is taking the message of protein synthesis. That is why it is called messenger RNA. If it is carrying amino acid, then it is TRNA. If it is making ribosome, then it is rRNA. So these are the three types of RNAs. Is that clear? Can you see that this enzyme is RNA polymerase? The large grey colour enzyme. Hi Ayesha, long time. Can you see this big grey colour enzyme? Can you see this big grey colour enzyme? What is the name of this enzyme? RNA polymerase. What is the name? Can you see this blue colour DNA? You have unwind this. And what is this pink colour in the middle? RRNA. Or? Which RNA? mRNA. mRNA. tell me is this single stranded or double stranded? is this single stranded or double stranded? what is single stranded? RNA is made it becomes 5 to 3. This is its polarity. What is polarity? What is polarity? 5 to 3. In which direction is it being formed? 5 to 3. So, in which direction will we read the DNA? In which direction will we read? 3 to 5. To make 5 to 3, we will do read 3 to 5. So this strand, on which RNA is being formed, can you see? That strand on which RNA is being formed, is called template. What is it called? template yes yeah they template template pay up RNA but not they whole very important done template chalo so what is transcription transcription is the process of copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into RNA DNA say RNA copy carne information coquette a yes transcription Adenine makes a base pair with T But T is not present in RNA What is there? U Instead of A, T, G, C, what will be there in RNA? A, U, G, C This is your DNA and this is your RNA This has T What is there in RNA? U Transcription is only 5 to 3. This is called polarity of RNA. All MCQ questions are like this. 3 to 5 acts as template and 5 to 3 acts as coding strand. I am going to tell you something very important. Are you there? Are you understanding? There should be code in RNA. Whose code? Pin drop silence. The kid who understood this, the kids who understood this, will get MCQ question. For 5 minutes, maintain pin drop silence in my class and understand what I am going to explain to you. There should be protein code in RNA. Do you know complementarity of base pair? Meaning, if A is applied here, then T will be applied here. If T is here, then A will be applied here. If G is here, then C will be applied. If C is here, then G will be applied. Did you understand? There is code in RNA. If I write codon here, then there should be no doc. Do you understand? If I wrote codon above, then there should be no doc below. Do you understand or not? In reverse. So, if I want to make code in RNA, So what should be the anti-code of DNA? So that it can be made into a code. If I copy the code of DNA, This is the code of DNA. If I copy the code of DNA, If I copy the code of DNA, Then what will I get? Anti-code. Do I need an anti-code? No, I need a code. So whom will I copy? I will make a code with an anti-code. I will make a sense with an anti-sense. Did you understand? So, DNA ka anti-code. DNA ka anti-sense. template hai so that the anti code and the anti Oh, how many of you are doing? Oh, come on, raise your hands. The anti-code and anti-senses template so that I can make code and sense in our head. Hey Naruto! Because if I copy anti-code, then I'm getting code. If I copy anti-sense, then I'm getting sense. Did you understand? If I copy anti-code, then I'll get code. If I copy code, then I'll get anti-code. Is that clear? Is that clear? so I need to copy the anti code to get code I need to copy the anti sense to get sense understood what I'm trying to tell you very good very good so the DNA Which needs to be copied into the RNA. From this slide, 100% question will come. From this slide, the child who will leave today's class and go from today's class. Or the child who is not attending today's class. I cannot tell you how much loss will be there. Yes. So. It consists of three regions. Promoter, structural, terminator. Promoter, that. Look, what do you want to make? RNA? To make RNA, you need an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The enzyme that makes RNA is called RNA polymerase. So promoter will attach RNA polymerase. This will do this work. Start. After that structural gene will come. This is the code. The real code. For making proteins. For example, in Lac operon, ZY. Finally, you have to finish the work. You have to work on RNA polymerase and go home. Yes or no? After watching the lecture, you have to close YouTube and study again. So, to end the work, you require Terminator promoter. Structural gene which will do the work. Right, and finally you will have the Terminator on the template strand. Yes, structural gene, if it makes one protein, amazing slide, comes in direct exams. Amazing slide, will come in direct exams. If structural gene makes one protein, mono, one, cistron is the smallest part which can make a protein. The smallest part which can make, which can undergo mutation, muton. The smallest part which can undergo recombination, recon. The smallest part which can make a protein, says strong So if we make one protein, eukaryotes, do you know how complex a human being's protein is? Menti is coming in 2 minutes. Do you know how complex a human being's protein is? Do you know? So can we make a lot of proteins? No. Polycystronic. Lacoperone. Prokaryotes. Bacteria can make many proteins. Human beings have one protein for poly and one for prokaryotes. Human beings have one protein for each protein. We are monocystronic. Is that clear? polycystronic genes can make several proteins at once. You cannot make them. Human proteins are very complex. We cannot make several proteins together. Right? So, it can make bacteria. It can make chloroplasts. head it's make leader sequence of that John lead cut tie just like a promoter correct first G then interstitial means beach car region and finally the ending region so mono cistronic is us poly cistronic is prokaryotes is that clear mono cistronic gene set of egg protein manager come Come on! Come on! Monocystronic genes will make only one protein. You can't... carry-ons karte hain. They have interrupted codes. Very important. Humara protein kaisa hota hai? Yeh dekho. I and word kiske le likhai? Come on, pin drop silence. Bio lingo, bio thorn, vanikshanari, bio bombs are starting very soon. Aap logon chahiye? Do you want vanikshanari? You want vanikshanari? Say yes or no. Come on. Arey show some josh guys. You want more BioLingos? You know, in the KVPY question, direct question came from Vanakshanari and BioLingo. Yes, we are starting it very soon. We are starting it very soon. Very soon, we are relaunching all our programs. Yes, big yes. Now, pay attention. Interon ka matlab hota hai Interruption Ye word hi issse aaya hai Interruption Kiska matlab hai Interruption Samajh mein aaya Interruption Interruption Interruption Interruption Exon ka matlab hai Expressed Expressed Expressed To can you see protein Bakwaas Protein Nonsense Protein Can you see Can you see this Yes Rupa, can you see protein interruption, protein interruption, protein interruption, interruption, intron, interruption, interruption, stop. So, to make proteins, we have to remove intron, remove intron and join exon. Exon is useful. Join Exons Is that clear? Is that clear? So I am going to show you this, see Show me a video See From here work will start Where work starts What is that? Your Tata ball See, protein is being made And 5 Finally, terminate is happening. I am going to explain you in detail. Come on. Yes, initiate, elongate, terminate. Who will be the initiator? Promoter. Who will be the initiator? Tata box. What is this? Elongation. And finally, what is it? Termination. Is that clear? So, let's start with initiation. Tell me, have you cleared 3 steps? There are 3 steps. Initiation, elongation, termination. Yes, is that clear? So can we start the 3 steps? Initiation. Initiation means to start the work. Yes, to start the work. So here, RNA polymerase will come and will be attached. What will it do after being attached? It will start the work. What will it do after being attached? It's going to start the work. You get my point? Yes? So, RNA polymerase will come, will be attached to the promoter. Why will it be attached to the promoter? Why will it be attached to the promoter? Why? Because the promoter has more adenine and thymine. Write it down. Very important. This is 80 rich region. Write it down. Come on. 80 rich region. 80 80 80 80 Is it looking like Tata? Right? It's initiated. There is an initiation factor too. Can you see sigma? RNA polymerase. It initiates. And 80 rich region. So there is an 80 rich region and an initiation factor. 80 rich. 80 will be more. Adenine thymine, adenine thymine, adenine thymine, adenine thymine, adenine thymine. That's called the TATA box. Understood? TATA box is an 80 rich region. What is 80? Just like choco chips are added in ice cream, similarly 80 is added in RNA polymerase. Menti quiz is going to come in the next 2 minutes. Come on. Right elongation. What is happening in elongation? Is this your template DNA? Listen to me carefully, kiddo. Is this your template strand? If ATGC is written in the template strand, can UACG be applied in RNA? If ATGC is written in the template strand, can UAGC be applied in RNA? Is it complementary? Is it following the complementarity of the base pairs? Is it following the complementarity of the base pairs? With the exception that RNA will have uracil instead of thymine. With an exception. So is it complementary? With A, no T, but U? But U? Is it attaching in that way? Yes ma'am. And finally, In the termination region, you will come to Rho factor. Right? Where there is Rho factor, RNA polymerase will be different. Alingon, you are very late. I am very angry. I see after every lecture how many students have applied for the class and how many have not. Kareena Wadikar, you are coming after a long time. Right? So what is applied at the end? Rho. Right? Because of which transcription will end. So transcription is very simple. You should know. All the proteins that are made, they don't need introns, they need exons. Introns are not needed and exons are needed. What do you have to do with introns? Do you have to remove introns? Do you have to remove non-coding regions and introns? Yes Divya. Do you have to remove introns and interruptions? How will you remove them? One enzyme will come, SNURP. What will be the name of the enzyme? SNURP. And you will remove introns and what will you do with exons? You will join exons. Can you see? Whenever protein... Whenever a protein is formed, it contains introns and exons. Introns are interrupting units. I am explaining again. Introns are interrupting units. We don't want introns. We have to remove introns and join exons. Who will join exons? The enzyme that joins exons is called ligase. The enzyme that removes introns is called SNURP. Is that clear? Are you getting my point? Come on. SNURPS, what is this process called? This process is called SPLICING. What is this process called? This process is called SPLICING, SPLICING, SPLICING, SPLICING. And you have joined them with the help of ligase. Right? And now when this is final, this is final, you have made a house, a very beautiful house. So what do you do? Before you invite someone to your house, before you go to your house, you give a house warming party. Do you give a house warming party after the final house? So you made protein, you started with sigma factor. You started by calling RNA polymerase. Come RNA polymerase. Please listen to me carefully. You coded the whole thing according to the complementarity of base pairs. You terminated it by going to the row. Your whole protein was made and ready. Now you removed the introns from it. How did you remove the introns? You removed the introns by snubs. You joined the exons with the help of ligase. Now what will you do? Will you give it a start and stop type? Will you cover it properly? Is this your final? You should know that this is your final. You should know that this is your final. Very good Trishala. You should know that. So you will wear it with a cap and a tail. Did you understand? You will give it very good cheshta. Capping. You will wear a cap of 7-methylguanosine. Kis ki cap pehna hoge? 7-methylguanosine. 7-methylguanosine. Aur tail me kya laga doge? A, A, A, A. A raised to power infinity. Bohot saare A's laga doge. Bohot saare A's. Is that clear? Right? So that aap yaha kya karoge? 5 prime end, yeah. Yeh 5 prime end. Yaha kya karoge? Complete ho gaya. Capping. 7-methylguanosine What will you apply on the tail? 3-prime Polyadenylation Whose tail? Polyadenylation So now I will tell you what I have told you Is it the starting point? Is it the starting point? Just answer yes or no I have told you everything I am also getting revised in one class Tata box is shown, 80 rich region 80 rich region Enzyme is applied Transcription factors will be applied And enzyme is applied As soon as transcription factors are applied, enzyme is applied Is that clear? Then as soon as 80 rich region is formed That start point is formed Factors will be applied After factors, Tata Box, promoter, factor. Then who will be applied? Polymerase will come. Menti is going to come in 2 minutes. Correct? Then it will grow. Grow. 5, 2, 3. It will grow. And what will happen at the end? Grow. What will happen at the end? Grow. Because of which the work will be over. Is that clear? Right? RO dependent termination Tell me why termination happens? Why termination happens? RO And RNA will get dissociated Done? Now do some menti Do some menti Do some menti Done? Right? So from here I will show you, look, it's different, look, this is your 5 and 3 radio, look, here comes the snurp, look, snurp removed it, look, how beautiful it is, look, intron removed it, look again, look, This is intron. See how good it is. See, snurps removed it. We will do evolution after this. See how good the diagram is. See, intron, snurps came. Snurps removed intron. Yes. Can you see the splicing? So, first we will do menti, then we will come back to this. Done. Let's do menti. Should we do menti? Let's go. okay come on everybody www.menti.com and use the code 402254 come on 402254 come on 402254 come on quickly open another window quickly open another window menti.com Menti.com for thank you PUBG 402254. Come on. Jaldi aaye Menti.com. Menti.com is one more window. Open the window and come to 402254. Fast. Yes, Alan on. Yes. Start kare. So, genetic code we will continue in tomorrow's class. Is that clear? Genetic code we will continue in tomorrow evening's class. Done? Yes? Thank you, Khushi. Come on. Chalye. So I'm starting. Everybody come to Menti. Lucy, you need to come to Menti. Go to www.menti.com. One more. Vindo, Ratna, Pranil, Amar, Jyoti. I can see a lot of new students in today's class. I hope you enjoyed the lecture. Thank you, Manju. A lot of new students I can see like Dhanush. Yes? Chalo. So start the quiz. Let's see who tops the lead about today. what is meant by sense come on hi Kana thank you Rana come on everybody don't forget to see the AFMC video I think it will greatly greatly greatly motivate you don't forget to see the AFMC video it will really motivate you tomorrow we are coming live with life in AMC at 11 o'clock come on everybody Hi new students, hello new students, hi Dhanush Hello to lot of new students Openmenti.com, use the code 402254 You've made a lot of mistakes Bacho Yes? Is that clear? Is that clear? So, it is coding and template. Is that clear? In reality, it is the same sense. In reality, the sense is the same as coding and template. In reality, the sense is in it. That's why people are doing anti- code code kehlata hai right is that clear the strand of mRNA involved in protein synthesis no the strand of tRNA no gradually growing molecule of protein no no yeh galat a MRN the strand of mRNA sense is not a mRNA my name is the codon straight sense strand is always of the DNA sense is always of the DNA the code is written for 0 to 254 the template right the trend of TRNA no TRNA to aake lagega which I'm going to be teaching you in trance Translation and let me promise you let me promise you translation is going to be the epicest class Don't miss it. So sense is basically the part of the DNA Not the mRNA not the rRNA Yes Neha you are always doing well Tejinder is doing well Well, sonam always does well. Rafida, Rupa, Tejinder, Rachna, Neha, Saloni. Arpan, Stingylicious, who is it? I don't know. Ayesha, Rafida, very good. You won't make a mistake, right? You will remember. You will remember. Very good, Ayesha. Will you remember it? Good, Trishala. You will remember. That is why come to class. Come on, let's do one more question. Let's do one more question. Question. Dono processes ek ke baat bataye. No problem, Kanu. Try to do it now. Chalo, jaldi. You have 24 seconds. Come on, everybody. Process ko kya molte hai? Chalo, batao. Thank you, Dhanush. I hope you're understanding the class. I have a lot of people who watch my lectures from Tamil Nadu. Very good, Ayesha. Very good. mRNA made by DNA. I told you central dogma of molecular biology. Very good. What is central dogma of molecular biology? Central dogma of molecular biology was given by scientists. called FHC crick who gave it FHC crick so mRNA made by DNA transcription proteins made by mRNA translation DNA made by DNA replication very well answered very well answered good cushy very well answered come on let's check the leaderboard hi pranil come on RNA to DNA reverse transcription. Cheshtha Rathi, very good. Deepshika Nayam, good. Sakir, I see your name on the leaderboard. Rupa, Tuba, Aman, Anushka, happy Naruto, is a snowflake, Sadaf Ali and Doremon. Excellent, correcto, correcto, correcto. One more, one more. You want one more? Very good, Sakir, come on. Okay, come on Saraswati try try Transcription key important enzyme bataya. Yes selling on Transcription key important enzyme bataya chalaya. Sochke bataya. Mene apko padhaya hai aaj Come on do options may confuse o sakte ho aap bas Transcription is DNA to RNA. This thing will end your doubt. DNA to RNA is transcription. Tell me doubt. Tell me. Very good. DNA to RNA. Very good. It is DNA to RNA. 100% What is RNA dependent RNA polymerase? Are you making RNA from RNA? Are you making RNA from RNA? RNA dependent Are you making RNA from DNA? It is DNA dependent RNA polymerase Is that clear? How can you make RNA to RNA you tell me? It is DNA dependent RNA polymerase Come on Come on you people Come on Yes, Roopa, Cheshta, Deepshika, Tuba, Rachel, Doraemon, Smart. Smart. Sudhafali, Anushka, Aman. Good, good, good, good. Massive response. Very good. Chalo. One more. Last question. Last question of the day. Let me see the final leaderboard. Mono, Systronic. Come on, Saraswati. Come on, Alingor. I want to see you there. Vasan, very good. Come on. You know the answer guys. We've done it guys. Come on. Guys, we've done it. Wow, Dhanush. 11 members. Wow. Come on. I'll do that Dhanush. Why can't I? Come on everybody. What is mono? Mono means one. Cystron means protein. So if you make one protein, like human beings, it's called monocystronic. If you make many proteins, like bacteria, it's called polycystronic. Is that clear? Is that clear? so that has codons for synthesizing only one protein cistron is a protein muton means ability to mutate recon means ability to recombine so muton is protein if you make only one protein guys you're doing a lot of mistakes yes yes will you go back home and see the recording okay tell me one thing leave this If you have listened to the lecture carefully, all of these are previous year questions. If you have listened to the lecture carefully, will you be able to solve them? Yes or no? Just tell me this much. Come on. If you have listened to the lecture carefully, all of these are previous year questions. lecture If you have listened carefully, all of these are previous year questions. If you have just listened to the lecture carefully, will you be able to solve them? Yes. Did I explain monosystronic? Yes. Did I explain sense-antisense strand? Yes. When I am telling you, I am giving you a promise that if you listen to the lectures carefully, you will be able to do all the MCQs that come in the exam. You need to come for all the lectures and you really need to solve the MCQs, right? So let's see the leaderboard one last time and then we will do one more question. Yes. Hey, Naruto. Swarupa. Racial, smart, Aman, Anushka, Sadaf, Tuba, Prerna, Kaushik. Yay, yay, yay. Chitra and Sapna Yadav. Excellent. So should we move ahead? Should we do one more question? No problem, Khushi. One more question. One more question. Chalye. No problem, Alingon and Sonam. This is the easiest question on earth. Come on. This is the easiest question on earth. Come on, guys. Come on, guys. Wow, Hazardous Toilet. Thank you. But you must change your name, Hazardous Toilet. Please change your name. I don't like your name. Come on. So? Eukaryotes, mRNA transcribed is called as heterogeneous. It's made in the nucleus. Yes, Sneha, please tell me it's heterogeneous. Why is it heterogeneous? Because it is made up of introns and exons. Expressed units are called exons. Interrupting units are called introns. No problem, Ritvik. Is that clear? It's made up of, it's heterogeneous. It's made up of two types of things. Introns, exons. that's why it's called as heterogeneous now smile do like this yes and with that we come to the end of today's class i'm going to be seeing you tomorrow sharp at 10 o'clock in the evening we will continue with translation in the morning when i meet you my dear children we will finish off cell division is that clear rupa is the topper of our leaderboard we have racial smart aman tuba Sapna, Anmol, Prerna, Smriti and Sakshi Patidar. Very good. don't forget to use the code you know the code guys so rupa very well done guys you know the code i'm going to be seeing you from this in the next class do you all know the code which i've already done with you so what is the code you can use the code vdmic and get 95% off in the micro courses right don't do that don't forget to do that and don't forget to like share and subscribe to our amazing channel i hope you will not yes the links will be shared with you the pdfs will be shared with you bye bye kids i'm going to see you in the next class and happy birthday rupa happy birthday god bless you bye kids i'm going to see you in the next class bye bye kids bye

And they made learning a very fantastic experience for us. Hi kids! Good evening, welcome to the super cool, super awesome and absolutely amazing class.

We are doing molecular basis of genetics which is very very important. Or in today's class I am going to be doing transcription as well as the genetic code with you. So stay tuned both transcription and the genetic code. Good evening, very important. I know you are tired.

Yes. Hey, don't worry. After that you will get time to relax and do your self studies. But I can only tell you one thing. Replication we finished in the last class if you remember.

When I revise it, I will do it again with you. So you remember we did topoisomerase, gyrase, helicase, leading, ladding strand, all of this in the next class. Yes? How are you Sona?

Hello everybody. So let's start with transcription and genetic code. Done? Shuru kare aaj ki class everybody?

Yes? And don't forget, kal hum koshish karenge ki hum translation again in the evening kare. Not tired you guys? Excellent. And I'm trying to do translation in the evening tomorrow.

Not at all. I'm not at all tired. See this.

Yes. Not at all tired. It's just this that I have a sore throat. So that will take some time. Done everybody.

Let's start. Hi Josh. Everybody.

Right. Let's go. So tomorrow at 11 o'clock, tomorrow in the evening again we'll do class 12. And the morning class at 11 o'clock, I'm going to be telling you everything you need to know about AFMC. Done?

Chaliyar. So let's start today's super cool class. Any doubts?

Let's start today's super amazing super cool class. Get fresh in the next half an hour. We will finish off total transcription and genetic code.

This is our amazing telegram group. Amazing, amazing, amazing telegram group. So make sure that you join our telegram group.

It will solve all your doubts, you know, you have a little problem in understanding, you don't know how to do revision. All these things will be solved. And today, after 5 minutes, there will be a mentee quiz.

Did you see the announcement of our super cool Chotu Motu channel? If you haven't seen it, then go and see it now. And today's surprise is that we have a micro course for you.

In which you can do one one chapter. Like yesterday we are going to meet again for webinar. So we have a micro course. It's very cool.

Use the code VDMIC. That's my name. VDMIC is the code to get 95% off.

How much off? 95% off. Everybody. There is Menti too.

So use the code VDMIC. Micro courses, Kana, Kishan, one chapter in two or three classes. They are very, very efficient.

The chapter with problem, look at the micro course of that chapter. So, VDMIC is the code. Done? You can see it on Vedantu. I will make it 95% for my favorite biotonians.

95%. Where do you want to see? Go to the app.

Download the app. You will get micro courses there. Done?

Is it Manvi? Thank you. Let's go.

So can we start today's class? Can we start today's class? Come on. And don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our amazing channel.

Done? Let's go. So let's start. Do you know how important chapter is?

Out of this, one question is 100% genetic code. Or transcription say I said a hundred percent you understand do you understand how important this chapter is so sure to carry sugar curry Charlie So let's come to transcription before I start transcription. You need to understand cake A scientist, Pindrop Silence, the whole study has started now. The whole study has started, Pindrop Silence. So there was a scientist, his name was F.H.C. Crick.

What was his name? F.H.C. Crick. What did F.H.C. Crick say? F.H.C. Crick said something which is called Central Dogma of Molecular...

Molecular biology. What did he say? Central dogma of molecular biology. What is dogma? Dogma is any situation which we don't understand.

So there is a... English word called dogmatic it's a English word called dogmatic dogmatic is any situation just some management I any situation which we don't understand is called a central dogma of molecular biology so I'm gonna be in a key bar Karo DNA DNA banata with a process called as replication so there's a process called replication by which DNA makes DNA there's a process which I'm going to teach you today just come transcription KT by which it makes RNA and this RNA will make proteins with the help of a process which is called as translation so job the creek may yes sorry but may he Katie the job the FFC creek may yes sorry but in the heat I think I may We didn't know whether such a process even happens or not. We didn't know. Only FHC Crick said this and we came to know.

In today's class, I am going to be focusing on DNA making RNA. In today's class, I am going to be focusing on DNA making RNA. You should know that RNA has to be made into proteins.

Is that clear? So, amino acids have to be attached to make proteins. To make proteins, amino acids are used to make proteins. attach hona hai. So amino acids ko attach hona hai.

Amino acids ko lekar aara hai tRNA and transfer RNA. So, is process ko hone ke liye, RNA ko single stranded hona hai. Tabhi, mRNA ke upar tRNA attach hoga.

That is why the RNA has to be single stranded. Abhi baat nikli hi hai toh main aapko kuch batati hoon. Aaj ki class itni important hai ki yeh mera aapse promise hai.

Okay. It's my promise right at the beginning of the class. See the whole class, 100% a question will be answered in the exam.

There is no doubt in this. The kids who had only 5 or 6 classes of KVPY, only 5 or 6 classes of KVPY, their questions have also been answered. Direct. So please listen to this carefully.

RNA, if it is mRNA, then it is taking the message of protein synthesis. That is why it is called messenger RNA. If it is carrying amino acid, then it is TRNA. If it is making ribosome, then it is rRNA.

So these are the three types of RNAs. Is that clear? Can you see that this enzyme is RNA polymerase?

The large grey colour enzyme. Hi Ayesha, long time. Can you see this big grey colour enzyme? Can you see this big grey colour enzyme? What is the name of this enzyme?

RNA polymerase. What is the name? Can you see this blue colour DNA?

You have unwind this. And what is this pink colour in the middle? RRNA.

Or? Which RNA? mRNA.

mRNA. tell me is this single stranded or double stranded? is this single stranded or double stranded?

what is single stranded? RNA is made it becomes 5 to 3. This is its polarity. What is polarity?

What is polarity? 5 to 3. In which direction is it being formed? 5 to 3. So, in which direction will we read the DNA?

In which direction will we read? 3 to 5. To make 5 to 3, we will do read 3 to 5. So this strand, on which RNA is being formed, can you see? That strand on which RNA is being formed, is called template.

What is it called? template yes yeah they template template pay up RNA but not they whole very important done template chalo so what is transcription transcription is the process of copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into RNA DNA say RNA copy carne information coquette a yes transcription Adenine makes a base pair with T But T is not present in RNA What is there? U Instead of A, T, G, C, what will be there in RNA?

A, U, G, C This is your DNA and this is your RNA This has T What is there in RNA? U Transcription is only 5 to 3. This is called polarity of RNA. All MCQ questions are like this. 3 to 5 acts as template and 5 to 3 acts as coding strand.

I am going to tell you something very important. Are you there? Are you understanding?

There should be code in RNA. Whose code? Pin drop silence.

The kid who understood this, the kids who understood this, will get MCQ question. For 5 minutes, maintain pin drop silence in my class and understand what I am going to explain to you. There should be protein code in RNA. Do you know complementarity of base pair? Meaning, if A is applied here, then T will be applied here.

If T is here, then A will be applied here. If G is here, then C will be applied. If C is here, then G will be applied.

Did you understand? There is code in RNA. If I write codon here, then there should be no doc.

Do you understand? If I wrote codon above, then there should be no doc below. Do you understand or not? In reverse.

So, if I want to make code in RNA, So what should be the anti-code of DNA? So that it can be made into a code. If I copy the code of DNA, This is the code of DNA. If I copy the code of DNA, If I copy the code of DNA, Then what will I get? Anti-code.

Do I need an anti-code? No, I need a code. So whom will I copy?

I will make a code with an anti-code. I will make a sense with an anti-sense. Did you understand?

So, DNA ka anti-code. DNA ka anti-sense. template hai so that the anti code and the anti Oh, how many of you are doing? Oh, come on, raise your hands. The anti-code and anti-senses template so that I can make code and sense in our head.

Hey Naruto! Because if I copy anti-code, then I'm getting code. If I copy anti-sense, then I'm getting sense.

Did you understand? If I copy anti-code, then I'll get code. If I copy code, then I'll get anti-code.

Is that clear? Is that clear? so I need to copy the anti code to get code I need to copy the anti sense to get sense understood what I'm trying to tell you very good very good so the DNA Which needs to be copied into the RNA. From this slide, 100% question will come.

From this slide, the child who will leave today's class and go from today's class. Or the child who is not attending today's class. I cannot tell you how much loss will be there. Yes. So.

It consists of three regions. Promoter, structural, terminator. Promoter, that. Look, what do you want to make?

RNA? To make RNA, you need an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The enzyme that makes RNA is called RNA polymerase. So promoter will attach RNA polymerase. This will do this work.

Start. After that structural gene will come. This is the code.

The real code. For making proteins. For example, in Lac operon, ZY.

Finally, you have to finish the work. You have to work on RNA polymerase and go home. Yes or no? After watching the lecture, you have to close YouTube and study again. So, to end the work, you require Terminator promoter.

Structural gene which will do the work. Right, and finally you will have the Terminator on the template strand. Yes, structural gene, if it makes one protein, amazing slide, comes in direct exams. Amazing slide, will come in direct exams.

If structural gene makes one protein, mono, one, cistron is the smallest part which can make a protein. The smallest part which can make, which can undergo mutation, muton. The smallest part which can undergo recombination, recon.

The smallest part which can make a protein, says strong So if we make one protein, eukaryotes, do you know how complex a human being's protein is? Menti is coming in 2 minutes. Do you know how complex a human being's protein is?

Do you know? So can we make a lot of proteins? No.

Polycystronic. Lacoperone. Prokaryotes.

Bacteria can make many proteins. Human beings have one protein for poly and one for prokaryotes. Human beings have one protein for each protein.

We are monocystronic. Is that clear? polycystronic genes can make several proteins at once.

You cannot make them. Human proteins are very complex. We cannot make several proteins together.

Right? So, it can make bacteria. It can make chloroplasts. head it's make leader sequence of that John lead cut tie just like a promoter correct first G then interstitial means beach car region and finally the ending region so mono cistronic is us poly cistronic is prokaryotes is that clear mono cistronic gene set of egg protein manager come Come on! Come on!

Monocystronic genes will make only one protein. You can't... carry-ons karte hain.

They have interrupted codes. Very important. Humara protein kaisa hota hai? Yeh dekho.

I and word kiske le likhai? Come on, pin drop silence. Bio lingo, bio thorn, vanikshanari, bio bombs are starting very soon.

Aap logon chahiye? Do you want vanikshanari? You want vanikshanari? Say yes or no.

Come on. Arey show some josh guys. You want more BioLingos?

You know, in the KVPY question, direct question came from Vanakshanari and BioLingo. Yes, we are starting it very soon. We are starting it very soon. Very soon, we are relaunching all our programs. Yes, big yes.

Now, pay attention. Interon ka matlab hota hai Interruption Ye word hi issse aaya hai Interruption Kiska matlab hai Interruption Samajh mein aaya Interruption Interruption Interruption Interruption Exon ka matlab hai Expressed Expressed Expressed To can you see protein Bakwaas Protein Nonsense Protein Can you see Can you see this Yes Rupa, can you see protein interruption, protein interruption, protein interruption, interruption, intron, interruption, interruption, stop. So, to make proteins, we have to remove intron, remove intron and join exon.

Exon is useful. Join Exons Is that clear? Is that clear?

So I am going to show you this, see Show me a video See From here work will start Where work starts What is that? Your Tata ball See, protein is being made And 5 Finally, terminate is happening. I am going to explain you in detail.

Come on. Yes, initiate, elongate, terminate. Who will be the initiator?

Promoter. Who will be the initiator? Tata box.

What is this? Elongation. And finally, what is it?

Termination. Is that clear? So, let's start with initiation.

Tell me, have you cleared 3 steps? There are 3 steps. Initiation, elongation, termination. Yes, is that clear? So can we start the 3 steps?

Initiation. Initiation means to start the work. Yes, to start the work.

So here, RNA polymerase will come and will be attached. What will it do after being attached? It will start the work.

What will it do after being attached? It's going to start the work. You get my point?

Yes? So, RNA polymerase will come, will be attached to the promoter. Why will it be attached to the promoter? Why will it be attached to the promoter? Why?

Because the promoter has more adenine and thymine. Write it down. Very important. This is 80 rich region. Write it down.

Come on. 80 rich region. 80 80 80 80 Is it looking like Tata?

Right? It's initiated. There is an initiation factor too. Can you see sigma?

RNA polymerase. It initiates. And 80 rich region. So there is an 80 rich region and an initiation factor. 80 rich.

80 will be more. Adenine thymine, adenine thymine, adenine thymine, adenine thymine, adenine thymine. That's called the TATA box.

Understood? TATA box is an 80 rich region. What is 80?

Just like choco chips are added in ice cream, similarly 80 is added in RNA polymerase. Menti quiz is going to come in the next 2 minutes. Come on. Right elongation. What is happening in elongation?

Is this your template DNA? Listen to me carefully, kiddo. Is this your template strand? If ATGC is written in the template strand, can UACG be applied in RNA? If ATGC is written in the template strand, can UAGC be applied in RNA?

Is it complementary? Is it following the complementarity of the base pairs? Is it following the complementarity of the base pairs? With the exception that RNA will have uracil instead of thymine.

With an exception. So is it complementary? With A, no T, but U?

But U? Is it attaching in that way? Yes ma'am.

And finally, In the termination region, you will come to Rho factor. Right? Where there is Rho factor, RNA polymerase will be different. Alingon, you are very late. I am very angry.

I see after every lecture how many students have applied for the class and how many have not. Kareena Wadikar, you are coming after a long time. Right?

So what is applied at the end? Rho. Right?

Because of which transcription will end. So transcription is very simple. You should know.

All the proteins that are made, they don't need introns, they need exons. Introns are not needed and exons are needed. What do you have to do with introns? Do you have to remove introns?

Do you have to remove non-coding regions and introns? Yes Divya. Do you have to remove introns and interruptions? How will you remove them? One enzyme will come, SNURP.

What will be the name of the enzyme? SNURP. And you will remove introns and what will you do with exons?

You will join exons. Can you see? Whenever protein...

Whenever a protein is formed, it contains introns and exons. Introns are interrupting units. I am explaining again. Introns are interrupting units.

We don't want introns. We have to remove introns and join exons. Who will join exons?

The enzyme that joins exons is called ligase. The enzyme that removes introns is called SNURP. Is that clear?

Are you getting my point? Come on. SNURPS, what is this process called?

This process is called SPLICING. What is this process called? This process is called SPLICING, SPLICING, SPLICING, SPLICING.

And you have joined them with the help of ligase. Right? And now when this is final, this is final, you have made a house, a very beautiful house. So what do you do? Before you invite someone to your house, before you go to your house, you give a house warming party.

Do you give a house warming party after the final house? So you made protein, you started with sigma factor. You started by calling RNA polymerase. Come RNA polymerase. Please listen to me carefully.

You coded the whole thing according to the complementarity of base pairs. You terminated it by going to the row. Your whole protein was made and ready.

Now you removed the introns from it. How did you remove the introns? You removed the introns by snubs.

You joined the exons with the help of ligase. Now what will you do? Will you give it a start and stop type?

Will you cover it properly? Is this your final? You should know that this is your final.

You should know that this is your final. Very good Trishala. You should know that. So you will wear it with a cap and a tail. Did you understand?

You will give it very good cheshta. Capping. You will wear a cap of 7-methylguanosine.

Kis ki cap pehna hoge? 7-methylguanosine. 7-methylguanosine.

Aur tail me kya laga doge? A, A, A, A. A raised to power infinity. Bohot saare A's laga doge. Bohot saare A's.

Is that clear? Right? So that aap yaha kya karoge?

5 prime end, yeah. Yeh 5 prime end. Yaha kya karoge? Complete ho gaya. Capping.

7-methylguanosine What will you apply on the tail? 3-prime Polyadenylation Whose tail? Polyadenylation So now I will tell you what I have told you Is it the starting point?

Is it the starting point? Just answer yes or no I have told you everything I am also getting revised in one class Tata box is shown, 80 rich region 80 rich region Enzyme is applied Transcription factors will be applied And enzyme is applied As soon as transcription factors are applied, enzyme is applied Is that clear? Then as soon as 80 rich region is formed That start point is formed Factors will be applied After factors, Tata Box, promoter, factor.

Then who will be applied? Polymerase will come. Menti is going to come in 2 minutes.

Correct? Then it will grow. Grow. 5, 2, 3. It will grow. And what will happen at the end?

Grow. What will happen at the end? Grow.

Because of which the work will be over. Is that clear? Right?

RO dependent termination Tell me why termination happens? Why termination happens? RO And RNA will get dissociated Done? Now do some menti Do some menti Do some menti Done?

Right? So from here I will show you, look, it's different, look, this is your 5 and 3 radio, look, here comes the snurp, look, snurp removed it, look, how beautiful it is, look, intron removed it, look again, look, This is intron. See how good it is.

See, snurps removed it. We will do evolution after this. See how good the diagram is. See, intron, snurps came.

Snurps removed intron. Yes. Can you see the splicing? So, first we will do menti, then we will come back to this.

Done. Let's do menti. Should we do menti?

Let's go. okay come on everybody www.menti.com and use the code 402254 come on 402254 come on 402254 come on quickly open another window quickly open another window menti.com Menti.com for thank you PUBG 402254. Come on. Jaldi aaye Menti.com.

Menti.com is one more window. Open the window and come to 402254. Fast. Yes, Alan on. Yes. Start kare.

So, genetic code we will continue in tomorrow's class. Is that clear? Genetic code we will continue in tomorrow evening's class. Done? Yes?

Thank you, Khushi. Come on. Chalye.

So I'm starting. Everybody come to Menti. Lucy, you need to come to Menti. Go to www.menti.com. One more.

Vindo, Ratna, Pranil, Amar, Jyoti. I can see a lot of new students in today's class. I hope you enjoyed the lecture. Thank you, Manju. A lot of new students I can see like Dhanush.

Yes? Chalo. So start the quiz. Let's see who tops the lead about today. what is meant by sense come on hi Kana thank you Rana come on everybody don't forget to see the AFMC video I think it will greatly greatly greatly motivate you don't forget to see the AFMC video it will really motivate you tomorrow we are coming live with life in AMC at 11 o'clock come on everybody Hi new students, hello new students, hi Dhanush Hello to lot of new students Openmenti.com, use the code 402254 You've made a lot of mistakes Bacho Yes?

Is that clear? Is that clear? So, it is coding and template.

Is that clear? In reality, it is the same sense. In reality, the sense is the same as coding and template.

In reality, the sense is in it. That's why people are doing anti- code code kehlata hai right is that clear the strand of mRNA involved in protein synthesis no the strand of tRNA no gradually growing molecule of protein no no yeh galat a MRN the strand of mRNA sense is not a mRNA my name is the codon straight sense strand is always of the DNA sense is always of the DNA the code is written for 0 to 254 the template right the trend of TRNA no TRNA to aake lagega which I'm going to be teaching you in trance Translation and let me promise you let me promise you translation is going to be the epicest class Don't miss it. So sense is basically the part of the DNA Not the mRNA not the rRNA Yes Neha you are always doing well Tejinder is doing well Well, sonam always does well. Rafida, Rupa, Tejinder, Rachna, Neha, Saloni. Arpan, Stingylicious, who is it?

I don't know. Ayesha, Rafida, very good. You won't make a mistake, right? You will remember. You will remember.

Very good, Ayesha. Will you remember it? Good, Trishala.

You will remember. That is why come to class. Come on, let's do one more question.

Let's do one more question. Question. Dono processes ek ke baat bataye. No problem, Kanu. Try to do it now.

Chalo, jaldi. You have 24 seconds. Come on, everybody. Process ko kya molte hai?

Chalo, batao. Thank you, Dhanush. I hope you're understanding the class. I have a lot of people who watch my lectures from Tamil Nadu.

Very good, Ayesha. Very good. mRNA made by DNA. I told you central dogma of molecular biology. Very good.

What is central dogma of molecular biology? Central dogma of molecular biology was given by scientists. called FHC crick who gave it FHC crick so mRNA made by DNA transcription proteins made by mRNA translation DNA made by DNA replication very well answered very well answered good cushy very well answered come on let's check the leaderboard hi pranil come on RNA to DNA reverse transcription. Cheshtha Rathi, very good. Deepshika Nayam, good.

Sakir, I see your name on the leaderboard. Rupa, Tuba, Aman, Anushka, happy Naruto, is a snowflake, Sadaf Ali and Doremon. Excellent, correcto, correcto, correcto. One more, one more.

You want one more? Very good, Sakir, come on. Okay, come on Saraswati try try Transcription key important enzyme bataya.

Yes selling on Transcription key important enzyme bataya chalaya. Sochke bataya. Mene apko padhaya hai aaj Come on do options may confuse o sakte ho aap bas Transcription is DNA to RNA.

This thing will end your doubt. DNA to RNA is transcription. Tell me doubt. Tell me.

Very good. DNA to RNA. Very good.

It is DNA to RNA. 100% What is RNA dependent RNA polymerase? Are you making RNA from RNA?

Are you making RNA from RNA? RNA dependent Are you making RNA from DNA? It is DNA dependent RNA polymerase Is that clear? How can you make RNA to RNA you tell me?

It is DNA dependent RNA polymerase Come on Come on you people Come on Yes, Roopa, Cheshta, Deepshika, Tuba, Rachel, Doraemon, Smart. Smart. Sudhafali, Anushka, Aman.

Good, good, good, good. Massive response. Very good.

Chalo. One more. Last question. Last question of the day.

Let me see the final leaderboard. Mono, Systronic. Come on, Saraswati.

Come on, Alingor. I want to see you there. Vasan, very good.

Come on. You know the answer guys. We've done it guys.

Come on. Guys, we've done it. Wow, Dhanush. 11 members.

Wow. Come on. I'll do that Dhanush.

Why can't I? Come on everybody. What is mono? Mono means one.

Cystron means protein. So if you make one protein, like human beings, it's called monocystronic. If you make many proteins, like bacteria, it's called polycystronic. Is that clear? Is that clear?

so that has codons for synthesizing only one protein cistron is a protein muton means ability to mutate recon means ability to recombine so muton is protein if you make only one protein guys you're doing a lot of mistakes yes yes will you go back home and see the recording okay tell me one thing leave this If you have listened to the lecture carefully, all of these are previous year questions. If you have listened to the lecture carefully, will you be able to solve them? Yes or no?

Just tell me this much. Come on. If you have listened to the lecture carefully, all of these are previous year questions.

lecture If you have listened carefully, all of these are previous year questions. If you have just listened to the lecture carefully, will you be able to solve them? Yes. Did I explain monosystronic?

Yes. Did I explain sense-antisense strand? Yes. When I am telling you, I am giving you a promise that if you listen to the lectures carefully, you will be able to do all the MCQs that come in the exam. You need to come for all the lectures and you really need to solve the MCQs, right?

So let's see the leaderboard one last time and then we will do one more question. Yes. Hey, Naruto.

Swarupa. Racial, smart, Aman, Anushka, Sadaf, Tuba, Prerna, Kaushik. Yay, yay, yay. Chitra and Sapna Yadav. Excellent.

So should we move ahead? Should we do one more question? No problem, Khushi.

One more question. One more question. Chalye.

No problem, Alingon and Sonam. This is the easiest question on earth. Come on.

This is the easiest question on earth. Come on, guys. Come on, guys. Wow, Hazardous Toilet. Thank you.

But you must change your name, Hazardous Toilet. Please change your name. I don't like your name. Come on. So?

Eukaryotes, mRNA transcribed is called as heterogeneous. It's made in the nucleus. Yes, Sneha, please tell me it's heterogeneous.

Why is it heterogeneous? Because it is made up of introns and exons. Expressed units are called exons. Interrupting units are called introns. No problem, Ritvik.

Is that clear? It's made up of, it's heterogeneous. It's made up of two types of things.

Introns, exons. that's why it's called as heterogeneous now smile do like this yes and with that we come to the end of today's class i'm going to be seeing you tomorrow sharp at 10 o'clock in the evening we will continue with translation in the morning when i meet you my dear children we will finish off cell division is that clear rupa is the topper of our leaderboard we have racial smart aman tuba Sapna, Anmol, Prerna, Smriti and Sakshi Patidar. Very good. don't forget to use the code you know the code guys so rupa very well done guys you know the code i'm going to be seeing you from this in the next class do you all know the code which i've already done with you so what is the code you can use the code vdmic and get 95% off in the micro courses right don't do that don't forget to do that and don't forget to like share and subscribe to our amazing channel i hope you will not yes the links will be shared with you the pdfs will be shared with you bye bye kids i'm going to see you in the next class and happy birthday rupa happy birthday god bless you bye kids i'm going to see you in the next class bye bye kids bye

Transcript for:Understanding Transcription and Genetic Code

Transcript for:
Understanding Transcription and Genetic Code