foreign what's up Ninja nerds in this video today we're going to be talking about anatomical position Regional terminology and directional terminology this is a very core topic to the introductory information to Anatomy physiology hey if you guys like this video it makes sense it helps you please support us hit that like button comment down the comment section and please subscribe also if you guys want check out our website we have some awesome information there go down the description box below it'll take you to our website without further Ado let's talk about this first concept that we have to tackle anatomical position what is it really it's the way skelly's kind of standing there and looking at you right now his head is facing forward his feet are shoulder length apart and his hands are like this with his palms facing forward and his thumbs pointing outward that's really really crucial because sometimes the exams will trick you when you actually think about this so again don't forget that part very very crucial so we got an atomical position easy right the second concept is regional terminology we have to get used to some terms that we're going to be seeing a lot when we go forward in future topics of anatomy and physiology as well as become a clinician so let's talk about those let's focus on the axial skeleton terminology and then we'll go into the appendicular okay so axial skeleton will start up here at the top right the most will get you to some directional terms here soon but towards the top of the head is the most Superior portion of Skelly up here we actually don't like to call it the head region we call it the cephalic region so in this cephalic region all this portion here we have the anterior portion or the point towards the four or the front of the actual scale and then back here the dorsal or the posterior portion so towards the back of Skelly on the anterior ventral portion we have some specific things that we have to know first thing is this right here is called The frontal region then these are called the orbital region this is called the nasal region this here where his old goal it is is going to be the oral region and the chinny chin chin is the mental region that's the important parts for the overall cephalic portion on the anterior aspect of Skelly for the posterior aspect of Skelly are the dorsal aspect of Skelly if I were to turn him around you know be careful he's a little self-conscious but back here we have the occipital region of Skelly okay and again that's going to be on the dorsal aspect or the posterior aspect and then on the sides here where his ears would be is the odic region the odic region okay that covers the cephalic portion while we're here though and the dorsal portion we go into the next part we have this region here called the cervical region the cervical region it's both on the dorsal or posterior side and guess what if I flip scalley around here let me fix Skelly up we got to make them look all good and Purdy here then we have the cervical region here and the anterior or ventral portion we've covered cephalic into your post here we covered cervical region anterior posterior now we go into this portion here this is the thoracic region in the thoracic region there's a couple different parts there's the sternal region the midline point here of the thoracic region then you have this portion here so this is usually where the breast tissue is so we call it the mammary region and then over here towards the armpits of Skelly is the axillary region okay so again thoracic region here we've covered that part sternal mammary and axillary if we were to go in the post here aspect though on the dorsal aspect again then what we have we'd have the scapular region here this is where his scapula bone is we'd have the scapular region right here and then we have this whole vertebral region right here okay so this is where his thoracic vertebral region is okay so this is the vertebral region now if we were to continue to kind of keep flipping Skelly all over the place here we covered the thoracic region both the anterior and posterior portions the next part that you can't really see well down here is we get into this portion so what I'm going to do is I'm just going to take and give Skelly a little break here and zoom in on my big Behemoth belly here so right here is the abdominal region okay this is the abdominal region there's one particular point it's where their little belly button is that's called the umbilical region this is the abdominal region and a part of that is the umbilical region the last part here for Skelly is if we were to kind of like think about this we talked about the anterior portion which was again the abdominal region with the umbilical region if we were to flip Skelly over on the back on the dorsal part here guess what this is called This is called the lumbar region that's his like lower back part okay that's what we call the lower back the lumbar region then if we were to go down we get into the sacral region that's like that tailbone area okay let's flip Skelly back over so we've covered the thoracic region we've covered the abdominal region on both the anterior and posterior aspects the next part is you get into the pelvic region here on the pelvic region is you have again two parts of it so for the pelvic region which is going to be right here you'll have this region here which we're going to call the inguinal region so right here is the inguinal region and then here is the pubic region okay so this whole area here is the pelvic region this here inguinal this here pubic region okay and we already covered the back part which would be the sacral region that would really cover the axial component of scaly now let's cover the appendicular part of Skelly so we're going to cover the upper Limbs and then the lower limbs for the upper limbs here first thing is the tip of the shoulder that's called the acromial region this is called the acromial region right here then we get into the upper part of the arm right you get a big beefy part this is the brachial region that's the brachial region on the back part of the arm if you will there's this region the elbow we don't like to call it the elbow though we call it the olecranon region the olecranon region it's on both sides of Skelly that's in the posterior aspect okay then this little part here on scally this little divot here where we kind of get ready to go from the brachial region into this forearm part this is the anti-cubital region anti-cubital region anti-cubital region then we go brachial anticubital into the forearm we don't call it forearm we call this the anti-brachial region this is the anti-brachial region then once we've covered that so we've covered again the arm the forearm we've covered the elbow we've covered the shoulder area the acromial region now we start coming into the Manus which we also call the hand region the Manus or the hand region has this part here what's this that's the wrist but we call that the carpal region that's the carpal region now technically if you're really being specific on the back part of the hand here this is called you see these bones there they're actually called the metacarpals so we call this the metacarpal region so the metacarpal region then again with the Palms facing forward what's this region here that's the Palmer region this is the Palmer region right here then after that you come into the digital region which is digits five four three two but you know what we call this one we call it the Pollux all right so you have the digital region but this digit their thumb is called the polex that covers skelly's upper extremity of his appendicular skeleton now we got to cover the regional terms for the lower limbs of his appendicular skeleton so when we talk about this part here let me sit down we're going to start from these parts here so we kind of talked a little bit about the pelvic region right this was the pelvic region with the inguinal and the pubic region so this bone here which is connecting to our femur this bone here is called the coxa so this is called the coxa region see this whole big bone right here that's connecting to our femur this right here this region here is the coxyl region okay then we have this region here called the femoral region this is the femoral region that's where the femoral bone is then if we take and lift skelly's big old leg up here he's he's jacked this is the patellar region here that's the patellar region it's right around the knee area right now that's on the front if I were to turn Skelly around a little bit into the back of his knee that's called the popliteal region that's the popliteal region there my friends all right so we've covered so far the coxal region the femoral region the patellar popliteal the next aspect here is taking the front of the lower part of his leg so this is actually called The Crow region this is the cruel region on the side here because this is called the fibular bone here this is the tibia on the fibular portion we call this the fibular region or the peroneal region the peroneal region and then on the back so this was the popliteal I just dislocated his Daily's hip this is the popliteal region back here on the calf region would be the surl region okay all right so so far we've covered all of these points here let's come down to the next part which is the pedal portion so we're getting to the foot so we're going to bring Skelly up here look at that look how much Mobility he's got here we get into the kind of region around the ankle right so this is our tarsal region this right here is our tarsal region right here okay this region here in the back is called the calcaneal region this is the calcaneal region and again all of this is for what's called so you know how the Manus is the hand the pedal is the foot and for the peel region we've covered the tarsal region the calcaneal region see what these are they're metatarsals that's the metatarsal region and this is the digital region digits five four three two but we do not account for the first one the big toe we don't call it the big toe we call it the holux okay so it's called the holix so that would cover the regional terminology look I don't jack skelly's hip up here there we go give you a little break there Skelly you're a little messed up now sorry buddy but Skelly has given us now a pretty good understanding of the regional terms that are involved with specifically the axial and the appendicular skeleton I hope that helped but there's one more thing that we need to know when it comes to understanding a lot of things for anatomy because you're going to hear these terms used so much so so much in this directional terms I even used them a little bit during this process if you guys heard me so a couple different terms that I want to go over let's talk about first anterior posterior also referred to as ventral and dorsal so anterior ventral synonyms dorsal posterior synonyms what does that mean I'm gonna turn Skelly this way and when Skelly is looking this way right towards me and again from your view here going this way in front of Scalia towards the front of Skelly is going to be an anterior portion or ventral going behind or to the back of Skelly is going to be the posterior or dorsal Direction so a simple way of explaining this is if I were to use an example the nasal region is anterior to the occipital region or the occipital region is posterior to the nasal region okay that's it let's come back bring Skelly to the anatomical position where he's facing forward towards you and now we're going to say is let's do another term we're going to use the term Superior and inferior what does that mean Superior means towards the head so towards skelly's head inferior meaning going towards skelly's Toes or its feet so if I were to use an example I could do many skelly's frontal region is superior to his nasal region his nasal region is superior to his oral region his oral region is superior to his mental region you get the point but here's the key thing Superior and inferior only apply to the axial skeleton they do not apply to the appendicular skeleton inferior towards the feet I could do the exact opposite the mental region is inferior to the oral region the oral region is inferior to the nasal region the nasal region is inferior to the frontal region so that's the terminology for Superior and inferior the next concept is medial and lateral so medial and lateral refer to terms that are with respect to the midline of Skelly so if I go away from the midline let's say here's his midline away from the midline is lateral towards the midline of Skelly is medial example in this particular situation here for Skelly if I were to use his forearm for example right or his arm for example this bone here which is called the radius an anatomical position remember that anatomical position his radius is lateral because it's away from the midline in comparison to the ulna his polex is lateral to his fifth digit right so that's the concept but then if we were to use the term medial his ulna is medial to his radius and his fifth digit is medial to his polex okay and again you could apply that to all these aspects if I really wanted to the otic region is lateral if you will it may be a little bit more kind of like posterior and lateral so you get a little bit more complicated if you want but I could kind of say okay my otic region may be lateral to my orbital region if you really wanted to kind of do that but there's many different ways for that concept so that covers lateral and medial the next one is proximal and distal so this applies to the appendicular skeleton okay Superior inferior axial proximal distal to the appendicular so proximal I mean it's going towards the actual point of like in this case the acromial region you're going towards the actual the beginning point of that actual limb the distal is you're going down further away from the the beginning point of that limb for example the acromial region is going to be proximal to the brachial region the brachial region is proximal to the anticubital region the anticubital region is proximal to the anti-brachial region that's the whole concept but then if you were to do the other way the carpal region is distal to the anti-brachial region the antebrachial region is distal to the median cubital region and the median cubital region is is actually distal to the brachial region so that's the concept of proximal and distal there is other terminologies such as superficial and deep there's really no specific example here but if you were to pretend superficial means towards the top surface deep meaning it's going deep into the actual body for example lungs should be right here the lungs would be deep to my ribs my ribs would be superficial to my lungs so that's an example for that particular situation but my friends that covers anatomical position that covers Regional terms and directional terms I want to give a big thanks to Skelly here for being our awesome participant here and I thank you guys for tuning in I hope it made sense I hope that you guys enjoyed this video and as always until next time [Music] [Music] thank you [Music]