anatomy musculoskeletal system muscles of the leg we will see in this video the various muscles that make up the various groups of the leg and that contribute to all the possible actions of this body segment we begin with the group of anterior muscles among the anterior muscles the most superficial is the tibialis anterior certainly the tibialis anterior originates at the level of the lateral condyle of the tibia anteriorly and moves downwards to the middle of the leg it becomes a long Tend that passes under the extensor retinaculum at the level of the ankle it goes to insert on the first cuni Fore and on the base of the first metatarsal bone with its action this muscle flexes the foot dorsally It adducts it and rotates it medially we then have the extensor digitorum longus muscle this muscle originates from the lower part of the lateral condyle of the tibia and from the head of the fibula and moves downwards sliding along the fibula at the level of the ankle It passes under the extensor retinaculum After which its tendon descends to the inside of the foot and divides into four muscle bellies that will go to by inserting onto the dorsal surfaces of the phalanges through a tripartite structure, a trident will then form, the intermediate tongue of which will insert onto the intermediate phalanx, and the lateral and medial tongues of which will insert laterally and medially with respect to the distal phalanx. Its action will be to extend the toes and therefore the foot. Then we have the extensor hallucis longus, a muscle that originates from the medial surface of the 2nd and 3rd lower phalanx of the fibula, which passes beneath the extensor retinaculum and which is inserted onto the dorsal surface of the proximal and intermediate phalanx of the big toe. Its action will be that of extension with respect to the big toe. The last muscle is the anterior peroneal or third peroneal muscle, which originates from the distal part of the fibula at the level of its anterior surface. It passes beneath the retinaculum and is inserted with a widened tendon onto the external surface of the fifth metatarsal. Its action will therefore be to abduct the foot, rotate it externally and flex it dorsally. The group of lateral muscles includes the peroneal muscles. The peroneus longus muscle originates from the head of the fibula, moves downwards and in the middle of the leg becomes a long tendon that passes under the fibular retinaculum. This means immediately behind the lateral malleolus and is inserted onto the plantar surface at the level of the base of the first metatarsal and at the level of the medial forefoot. With its action, this muscle flexes the foot plantarly, as well as rotating it externally and abducting it. The peroneus brevis muscle, on the other hand, originates from the distal third of the fibula at the level of its lateral surface. Its tendon passes behind the lateral malleolus, therefore under the fibular retinaculum, and is inserted onto the tubercle of the fifth metatarsal. With its action, as well as ventrally flexing the foot, it also causes extension and lateral rotation. The group of posterior muscles of the leg is divided into a superficial portion and a deep portion. The superficial portion is formed almost entirely by the triceps asa muscle, a very interesting muscle since it is formed by the union of three individual muscles. These are the two twins that form the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscle which is located deep down. The two twins originate from the epicondylitis and the medial one. They move downwards and form large bellies that join at their intermediate point. They then form a large flattened tendon that joins with the soleus tendon and will be inserted on the posterior surface of the calcaneal tumour. The soleus instead originates from the posterior surface of the tibia and from the head of the fibula along a line called the arch of the soleus muscle. It moves downwards and in the middle becomes a large laminar tendon that will be inserted at the same insertion point of the gastrocnemius tendon. Since the large tendinous structure that is formed in this way now fuses, it is also called the Achilles tendon. The triceps auricle is extremely important since its main action is the plantar flexion of the foot. Furthermore, by pivoting on the forefoot, it is capable of extending the leg on the foot for walking. It is one of the most important muscles without a doubt the muscle The plantaris is this slender muscle that runs between the gastrocnemius and the soleus. It originates at the level of the lateral epicondyle of the femur and also at the level of the lateral condyle. It moves downwards as the Vastus tendon which is inserted more or less at the point of insertion of the Achilles tendon. Its action is superfluous as it follows that of the triceps asa but with an extremely lower force. Let's now look at the deep posterior muscles. The popliteus is a very important muscle. This small triangular muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the femur and also from the lateral condyle. It moves downwards posteriorly, fanning out and inserting on the posterior surface of the tibia at the level of its most medial end. Its action will therefore be that of internal rotation of the leg as well as performing a certain flexion. Then we have the posterior tibial muscle, a muscle that originates from the medial margins of the tibia and fibula, especially from the two upper terts. To move downwards in the leg, it passes behind the medial malleolus below the retinaculum. flexors and then inserts at the level of the scaphoid. Its action mainly flexes the foot plantarly but also has a certain capacity for internal rotation. The flexor digitorum longus originates from the posterior surface of the tibia, mainly from its lower two-thirds and passes under the retinaculum of the flexor muscles through the groove located behind the medial malleolus. In this way it accesses the plantar surface of the foot where it divides into four tendons that will insert with a single insertion on the plantar surface of the distal phalanx of the last four toes. The last muscle is the flexor hallucis longus which originates from the lower two-thirds of the medial and posterior margin of the fibula and moves downwards. It passes under the medial malleolus, running in a groove on the posterior surface of the talus and then on the medial surface of the calcaneus. It then moves onto the plantar surface of the foot and inserts at the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe. Its action therefore flexes the big toe and consequently also the foot. This The video was shot with Anatomy, an interesting web app whose link can be found in the description.