sit a bit sit. [Music] kiss up now. Okay. So where we have to start it from? We have to start from another topic. So we are going to do what? Mineral resources. Any doubt you have with regarding Hello online students. A very good evening to everyone. mineral resources like okay so what are mineral resources how we'll define resources mineral resources resources. Daily Please, please. Good afternoon. Good evening. Mineral natural substance. found in earth crust. Okay, fair enough. Or online students participate. Okay with the important So conscious is naturally occurring in organic. Correct. They have some economic. Yes. Good. Minerals provide Minds provide the material. Mindles provide the material. used to make. Used to make most of the things industry waste Q. Why? Because provide used to make most of the things which are industry based application. This is an application of minerals. difference. Write down minerals provide. Sorry, sorry. A mineral is a pure inorganic substance. A mineral is pure. Please underline the word pure in organic substance. A mineral is pure inorganic substance that occurs that occurs naturally in Earth's crust. So we have to spend some time on the definition itself. Pure inorganic. Why pure inorganic? Why the word pure? Because all the particles which are containing in this are consisting of same. If I say this is a iron mineral then all of it will contain iron only have a copper. That's why the word pure inorganic why? Because inorganic means something which is not having life. Something which is not having life will not have what? Carbon in it. Okay. So there is absence of carbon content. Just maybe we also have we do have life. It occurs naturally. Naturally means Rock have different particles iron, right? And different other particles is particles. Minerals are nothing. Sedimentation. Sediment geomorphic agents particimentation. Sedimentation. Can I say it's a reversible sediment differentlay? Consolidation of consolidation of silt particles or sediment particles. Call it as rock structure. Clear. Okay. Next. All of the Earth's crust. All of the Earth's crust. Except rather small portion of the crust that contains organic matter that contains organic matter. Comma is made up of is made up of minerals. definition. Full stop. Some minerals consist of single element. Some minerals consist of single element. Does it work? Okay, it consists of single element such as gold, silver, comma, diamond and sulfur. See everything has an exception. I told you it should be inorganic, right? carbon is called as inorganic diamond it's a form of a car so you can see this is one of the exception okay you should know if I'm saying something and if there's any exception which is existing why it is existing okay next point more than 2,000 minerals have been identified. More than 2,000 minerals have been identified and most of this contain inorganic compounds. And most of this contain inorganic compounds. formed by various combinations. formed by various combinations of the eight elements. of the eight elements bracket. Oxygen. Silica. Oxygen. Silica. Aluminium. Ferrus. Aluminium. Ferrus. Comma calcium comma sodium and magnesium and magnesium. Okay, that make up that make up 98.5 that make up 98.5 of the earth's crust. 98.5 of the Earth's crust. Okay. Next point. A mineral deposit. A mineral deposit is the concentration of is the concentration of naturally occurring. Naturally occurring solid liquid or gaseous material in or in or on Earth's crust in such form in such form form and amount that it's extraction that's its extraction and its conversion ma'am in such form in such form and amount that its extraction and its conversion That's its extraction and its conversion into useful materials into useful materials or or items or items are profitable or items are profitable. Next line. Mineral resources are nonnewable and include metals. Mineral resources are non renewable and include metals such as iron, copper and aluminium. And also they do contain And also they do contain non-metals non-metals such as salt gypsson sand and phosphate and phosphate the answer. Please read that twice, thrice and let me know. Take a moment, read it and let me know. You read this how many times? Start telling me what what does it mean? One by one. Come on. Start. 1.5. Now you can interact with me. Starting statement statement starting with nonrenewable non-renewable because it will take lot of time huh millions of years for the formation limited Then huh includes metals and nonmetals. It includes metals and nonmetals. What kind of metals we have described in that? Iron, copper and aluminium. These are metals. What about nonmetals? Just just sorry gypsum, salt, sand, phosphorus. Then what else it is saying? requires uh mainly consist of the combination of what are those eight elements? Oxygen, silica, minium, ferrus, calcium. What is ferrus? Iron, calcium and sodium. Sodium, magnesium. Then what is next? Make made up of 98.5% of earth crust because 98 maximum portion is consisting of minerals because rest of them are in no organic rest of them are organic inorganic minerals. Then what next? Naturally occurring solid liquid or gas. Naturally occurring solid, liquid and gas material. Gas materials they are like oxygen. Oxygen. Yes. Because what oxygen does? Oxygen forms. oxide or we call it or what is please see for 2 minutes and let me know if you have any doubt online students please if you have any doubt let me [Music] Diamond all of them. Huh? Same, right? done. Okay. Now you said that eight elements of oxygen, silica, aluminium, ferrus, calcium, sodium elements. Yes. Yes. Definitely elements minerals like oxygen, silica, aluminium. Yes. Yes. Yes. You'll find all of them consist of that silicon etc. You'll find in the rocks only gases for oxygen F23 F23 oxygen they oxygen only and then you will extract iron from it mineral we will study about the oats also it's too early to introduce I'm not introducing right now okay doubt is clear or I have to explain again do I have to explain Okay. Who has asked this question? Do I have to explain again? Who has asked? Okay. Thank you. Now, classification of members. This chart is really really important. Classification of minerals. Write down minerals and then write down metallic, non- metallic. Okay. And last write down energy mineral energy mineral. In metallic mineral you further divide it into three types which is ferrris non ferris and and precious precious precious Write an example of ferris member or you can leave it like that. Leave it like that. First draw this chart. done. Okay. Now write down about first write down importance of minerals. Importance of mirror chart. What is the chart that we have done? Classification. Very good. First write on importance. Importance. Importance of noodles. First point, everything we use is classified in minerals. Everything we use is made up of minerals or classified as minerals. Next point. Country owns. Country owns foreign exchange. Country owns foreign exchange through export of through export of minerals. Then after that mining and extraction. Mining and extraction of minerals. Provide employment employment to people. Mining and extraction provides employment to people. Next point ma major minerals major minerals such as coal and petroleum. Coal and petroleum act as an important energy source. Acts as an important energy source. Right. Now the classification that we have done so first part that we are going to do is ferrris mineral. So we'll be writing under metallic first. First description will be metallic. In metallic I'll be explaining ferrris first then non-ferrris then precious. This is how we'll do the first part the first leg of the chart or the table. Okay. So write down metallic minerals. Write down the heading metallic. Metallic heading. We get metals from these minerals. We get metals from these minerals. The first one is The first one is Paris minerals. The first one is Paris minerals. Write down the minerals which contain the minerals which contain iron O. The minerals which contain iron O are called ferrris minerals are called ferrris minerals are called ferrris minerals. Write down the examples under the ferrris mineral. The first one is iron or iron or nickel. Iron O, nickel, cobalt, cobalt and magnes and magnes. Now write down the nonference. Next point non ferris non ferris minerals containing minerals containing iron or minerals containing sorry minerals containing metals other Then iron ore are called non ferris minerals metallic minerals metallic category please do not take it as nonmetallic category but these are ferrris non ferrris whether they are not having iron contact content no iron content or substance in it but they classified under metallic only metal. Write down the example copper. Example copper lead tin copper lead tin boxite. This is also given exactly in your NCERT like that and boxite. Okay. So precious metal. What are the precious metal? Yes. Write down the minerals which have the minerals which have a very high economic value. Minerals which have a very high economic value. What is the gold rate these days? H 90,000. How much carat 22 carat? 90,000 24 characters check Google what is the rate current before COVID or during the co it was 24 carat was 58,000 or 60,000 now it is gone and prices have surged like anything surge means increase but Diwali increase why there's so much of increase in economic value of gold what is the current rate which is coming reserves foreign exchange reserve gold why the gold is known as a very precious in fact Although diamond is also very precious especially gold because gold is the value will very appreciate. It's an appreciating asset right and it's a value for money and when you go it's a kind of a cash only right you can anytime take exchange and take the cash right what is the gold rate which has come Very easy. Huh? Again. 15. So, one lakh 50. Okay. Check. Dakshit. The gold rate that you are telling is of 1 g. I'm talking about 10 g. like 35 Diwali will come see the price. He wanted to buy. Okay. Now write down. Same goes for precious metal. All say silver precious metal or diamond platinum. Diamond, platinum, nonallic, nonmetallic metals chart. We will see this chart. Okay. Non metallic non metallic window. Click here. These are those minerals which do not contain metals. Which do not contain metals. For example, mica salt. Mica salt. Potach sulfur. Potach sulfur. Granite. Very good. Limestone. marble st sandstone non metallic marble and Okay. Energy minerals last. The minerals which provide The minerals which provide energy. The minerals which provide energy or power. The minerals which provide energy or power are known as energy minerals are known as energy minerals. For example, coal for example coal. Petroleum. Petroleum and natural gas. For example, deposits forms. Write down the heading. Mode of occurrence. of minerals. Mode of occurrence of minerals. Write down first point. Minerals in ignous and metamorphic rock. minerals in Beinius and metamorphic rock. I hope you know what are the ignous and metamorphic rock. We have done this. Can anybody where you have submitted the copies. Okay. Saturday I'll see your test. Saturday we get some time and see your test. Write down the minerals are found in the minerals are found in crevices or joints. crevices called joints full stop. The smaller occurrence are called as gains and larger loads. The smaller occurrence are known as beams or larger loads. Spelling larger loads. L A D L O D E S loads. Smaller occurrence. Uh smaller occurrence are called veins. B E I N S. And larger loads L O D E S. rocks that's why we have defined it as crevices and joints you'll find the minerals larger clothes. Okay, write down. Next point. In most cases, in most cases they are formed. In most cases they are formed when minerals in liquid/molton/gaseous in liquid/molton/gous form are forced upward through are forced upward through cavities towards earth's surface. Through cavities towards earth's surface. Okay, full stop. They cool and solidifies. They cool and solidifies as they rise. They cool and solidifies as they rise. Full stop. Major metallic mineral. Important line. Major metallic minerals like tin. Major metallic minerals like tin comma copper. Former zinc and lead are obtained from are obtained from veins and loads. This is a rock structure. Magma solidify when it got solidified what will it what will happen the accumulation of this mineral is happening in the veins and this particular structure. So which kind of structure they follow this kind of pattern or they found in such structures are tin. Tin is one of the most prominent example and apart from that what are the other examples that we have taken copper zinc lead etc. is okay next point. Point number two, minerals in decomposed rocks. Minerals in decomposed rocks. Minerals in decompos rocks. Nik. This involves the decomposition of surface rocks and removal of soluble constituents. This involves decomposition of surface rocks and removal of soluble constituents leaving a residual mass of weathered material. Uh material mass of weather. Could you please repeat ma'am? Yes, I'm repeating from the starting. This involves the composition of surface rocks and removal of soluble constituents and removal of soluble constituents. Leaving a residual mass of Leaving a residual mass of weathered material containing or boxite is formed this way. Okay. Minerals in decomposed rocks. Minerals in decomposed rocks. Huh? [Music] Decomposition surface rocks. decomposition because of some agents. Geomorphic agents removal of soluble constituents constituent leaving a residual mass of weathered material. decomposition. aluminum geomorphic agents. The use of geomorphic agents They will go away. They have just gone. But there are some parts which is unwathered. Unweathered material you will get. Next I third point minerals in aloial deposits. Minerals in aloial deposits. Write down certain minerals may occur in eleial deposits in sand of in sands of valley floors. valley floors and base of hills. These sediments or these deposits are called laser deposits and contain minerals. Could you repeat once again? Yes, I'm repeating. Minerals in ele deposit that is a heading. Then next line certain minerals may occur in as a alial deposits in the sand of valley flows and base of hills. These base of hills B A S E of hills full stop. These deposits are called placer deposits and generally contain minerals which are not not corroded by water. Example gold comma silver, 10 etc. Right now write down minerals in sedimentary rocks. Please explain me what are al deposits. Alvium. What is alo soil? What is al soil? Contain more water man. Contain more water. Contain more right amount of sand particle or clay. Just search what is edible deposits and more moisture is there in edible. Okay. What else deposits formosition of sediments? Very good. Formed by the deposition of sediments. Tightly said. What do you mean by aloial? Yeah, refers toments like sand and silt deposited by flowing water such as mountains. See what is coming? Rivers are coming. Rivers are depositing what? Sediments. This is known as ele deposits. So certain minerals may occur as deposits. Sand sand or valley floors. The base of hills. Deposits. There's a specific name for it. We call it as deposits and contain minerals which are not corroded. Water corrode. due to water. Why women wear the gold? Because they do not fade away or corrode away by the water and external agents. So they unaffected by all that. If you get the imitation jewelry someday, what do they say? Preserve it in a tight packet bag so that it should not get in contact with air. You have to preserve it. When you come back from anywhere, you have to preserve it like anything. The moisture content should not go inside. This is how you preserve it. Right now, next minerals in sedimentary rocks. Write down in sedimentary rocks number of minerals occur number of minerals occur in beds or layers. In sedimentary rocks, a number of minerals occur in beds or layers. They have been formed as they have been formed as the result of deposition. from our accumulations and concentration in horizontal strea horizontal stret and horizontal stratas. S T R A T A S S T R A T A S T school. I should write it. I guess lot of students are having doubt. Thank you. Write down men and sedimentary rocks. Slide down please sediment. In sedimentary rock, numbers of minerals occur in beds. occur in beds or layers. They occur in beds or layers. Pull stop. They have been formed as a result of deposition, deposition, comma, accumulation and concentration. Concentration in horizontal stretal stret this this is s r a t a s if some sediments are here and they're depositing somewhere else a sediment right then again they will deposit here they will form a different layer right then again it will deposit and form a different layer this thing is known as nothing but stratas so horizontally they are aligned in different layer these are called as stratas stratus means layer coal and some forms of coal and some forms of iron ore. Whole and some forms of iron ore have been concentrated have been concentrated as a result of long periods. long periods under great heat under great heat and pressure. For example, for example, salt. For example, salt. Gypsum. Potach. Sodium salts are formed under the effect of are formed under the effect of or result of evaporation especially in especially in add regions especially in aid regions please. Then result of uh result of evaporation especially in arid regions a r i regions. Please revise and ask me any question if you have What's up with me? These are your practice questions. you will get an overview dimension pak I'm doing from my side everything but then your thinking power will Peace. exploitation question to GS main parts. Everyone has written Have you started reading the newspapers? Newspaper start. Why you guys are not starting newspapers? Start reading editorials because that will also take some time to understand. What are the pros and cons? problem. Language issue is language. language people. Do you use dictionaries? Yes. Everything is available. This is how you have to do. Last two topics points. Mode of occurrence. minerals in ocean water. minerals in ocean water. Akancha is saying ma'am but the thing is that while reading it don't I don't understand that what is it what are important I get confused in that only aa that is a very nice question by aa because she has set with her newspaper that's why she's asking this question first you will understand GS1 GS2 2, GS3 and GS4. message GS2 governance or GS3 economic biodiversity, environmental biodiversity, economics, disaster management, uh environmental problems etc. Economic disaster management internal security topics or GS4 ethics integrity and aptitude. See my handwriting is coming. Okay. So what you have to understand in this Iran and Isra. So I will quickly say that okay this is the news related to GS2. Why? Because GS2 IR international relations topic. This tiger has been abandoned from this national park environment GS3. Next page. City news. City. You don't have to get into the political stuff. You are a bureaucrat. You have to only you have to be just concerned with the issues. You have to nothing to do with party. So there's nothing to do with parties. So pages then you come to editorial. editorial two pages a very big editorial on the left side and there's another editorial just then you have another uh site in which you have this editorial and there's another editorial just right so when you have the two editorials like this what will happen then so this partitorial this is becomes very important just for example Somebody's talking about defining rebuilding the image of India with respect to operation operation right. So this will come the operations it is what operations defense very good defense defense comes in GS3 GS3 news GS3 GS2 because there might be a question based on this. So that you can use such statements, quotes, statement, conclusion, conclusion, editorials, you can use them as it is. Most of the time question, right? context world news world affairs world I don't need to get into all that is not giving this access to students for H1 B1 visa because there could be poss possibility that they might ask about what is H1 visa. Have you decided your options? What is your option? History yours geography option. You decided okay optional no for freshers. Very nice. Very nice [Music] preference. Management. Okay. Who is having geography online? Sociology. Very good. Aa hersa. What is yours? Management. I know. Not decided. answer. What about Suri? Rakshhat any tips? What was your background? What is your background? What you have taken in your graduation? engineering very overlapping with other subjects overlapping history but geography important And then I import this you will have an upper handology to four questions. You can fetch more marks by being an optional student. You have enough choices of also selecting other subjects as well. But analytical subject what do you say application They have that knack. Are you satisfied with the answer? What about others? Anchel has not replied yet. Yes. A what is your optional? PSI. Good. That is also good. Geography optional. Please do update me because when new batch will start now start when you are planning to join. You have to start your optional ASAP. Please do not delay and then start preparing. They have already completed one month. I will do a round six months. What is your option? Best time to start now. by now July he has given this same statement said the same statement Right. If you have any 2025 December Here next 10 months September I can't make it July. Next July cet preparation essay preparation. Why? Because before revision, no doubt. When you have wasting it while you're thinking is special case he is giving exam in 28. So you have time. Okay. Done. You take your time to decide. Okay, thank you so much class. We'll continue with another topic. Please do practice this question which I've given to you.