hello everyone welcome to the lecture series of generic I Indian knowledge system I your professor shantan kurar from the Department of political science modern College shivaji nagar Pune I'll be covering your lecture 13 and 14 from the module we'll have a series of two lectures in this lecture I will be covering about statecraft and political principles of arth shastra with this I would like to begin my lecture first topic is about introduction to arastra arastra is a comprehensive treze on governance economics and Military strategy dating back to ancient India it is considered as one of the foundational text in ancient Indian statecraft for administration of Kingdom covering a wide range of topics such as law Justice diplomacy Taxation and warfare arastra was a highly influential as a guide for rulers and administrator its teaching has shaped the governance of many Indian kingdoms and have influenced political thought in India demonstrating its lasting relevance and practical value in today's world also arth shastra was authored by cila was also known as chanakya and Vishnu gup he was a scholar strategist and an adviser his Keen observation and deep understanding of human nature nature are evident in the text chanakya played a pivotal role in the establishment of Mori Empire by guiding Chandra Gupta Moria kilia is also believed to have served as prime minister to Chandra Gupta morya the founder of Moran Empire moving on cilia's early life and education in this part we will discuss how coria's early life and education has impacted and influence shastra as a text first subo early life and upbringing cila has been said to be born around 350 BC near takshashila he had displayed early signs of intellect and strong sense of justice he was raised in a scholarly environment which led the foundation for his future achievements he was motivated by a desire to see a United and Powerful India India during that time was divided and fragmented into many small kingdoms which showed us that there was no presence of a central Authority or a leader second subtopic that is education and influence of teachers he was educated at ancient University of tasila tasila was considered to be one of the best universities of that time he had studied a variety of disciplines vas philosophy economics and politics he was greatly influenced by his teacher who had instilled in him principles of logic governance and strategy this education was crucial in shaping his strategic mind third subtopic role of education system in shaping cilas tasila education system was rigorous and holistic emphasizing intellectual and practical skills curriculum included philosophy economics law and military tactics essential for governance it had also emphasized on critical thinking and strategic planning which was Central to cilia's letter work fourth subo early indicators of his political acument he had demonstrated an early understanding of politics and strategy he was known for forcing political outcomes and manipulating events his early involvement in political debates has showed a potential as a future adviser his strategic thinking and decision making skills were evident and crucial in establishing Moria Empire fifth subo cilia's personal philosophy and its influence on AR shastra cila believed in pragmatism and realism he used to talk about what is rather than what ought to be he had advocate for a strong and centralized state which we can see in the foundation of Moria Empire he believed in achieving political stability and Power by any means necessary this philosophy heavily influenced AR shastra which focuses on strategic governance and state craft six subo how cia's education and upbringing contributed to the writing of arastra his education and upbringing were crucial in the cre of arastra his exposure to various field of knowledge at tasila and teaching from mentors provided in him the intellectual tools to form AR shastra the multidisciplinary approach taught in taught in tasila had helped him the lot his experiences and understanding of gance were foundational in the writing of ARA shastra the trz reflects the depth of his education and his commitment to creating a strong and prosperous State moving on to the next topic that is cilla's role in Indian politics first subo cous influence in Indian politics he was a he was of a strategic mind instrumental in shaping 4th Century BC Indian politics he was a key figure in the formation and expansion of Moria Empire he was author of ARA shastra which is considered as a seminal text on state craft and strategy second subo relationship with Chandra Gupta morya he had mentored Chandra Gupta Moria in military tactics and governance and diplomacy Chandra Gupta Moria was the king first king of Moria Empire his partnership led to the overthrow of nand Dynasty and the founding of Mori Empire the ruler of the nand dynasty at that time was Maha padmananda cila remained a close adviser ensuring Empire stability and growth third subo that is role in establishing Mor Empire he played a crucial role in overthrowing N the dynasty through strategic planning he had used alliances Espionage psychological warfare to unify Indian States under Moran rule Espionage here means users of spy system he had aim to create a strong centralized Empire capable of enduring threats fourth subo influence of arastra on Administration the arastra had provided the administrative blueprint for Mor Empire it had focused on taxation law law enforcement and which had contributed to Empire stability and prosperity fifth subo diplomatic strategies he had advocated for pragmatism in foreign policy including alliances and warfare when necessary he had emphasis on the US of espon that is spy system and maintaining a balance of power between the state his strategies helped expand and maintain the Empire's dominance six subo impact on later political thought he had influenced Indian political strategy and governance Beyond Moran era he he is compared to MAV as a pioneer of political realism his legacy continues to shape political and administrative theories moving on to the next topic introduction to arastra as a text first subtopic arastra as a manual for rulers and administrator arthashastra is considered to be a comprehensive guide covering various topics such as governance economics military strategy and statecraft it helps to aim ruler maintain control ensure stability and expand territory it also emphasizes the importance of central Authority and the use of intelligence second subtopic structure and organization of arastra Aras shastra is not a single book it consists of 15 books each divided into chapter focusing on specific governance and topics the topics include role of a king economic policies military strategy and diplomacy it organized to allow ruler quick access to relevant information main themes in arastra arastra five main themes which are realist politics State security economic management Justice and law and last welfare of the people here realist politics here means it advocated for pragmatic and result driven politics State security means focuses on the military strength Espionage and diplomacy to protect the state economic management means detailed guidance on taxation trade and Resource Management where Justice and law means it stresses the importance of fair legal system welfare of the people here means it encourages the ruler to prioritize citizen citizens well-being for loyalty and stability subtopic that is arastra relevance in governance arastra relied on the principle of economic management taxation which are applicable in the modern policies also his insights into diplomacy State craft and Military strategy influence the Contemporary political thought emphasis on welfare and Justice align with the modern democratic value so we can say that the ancient ideas which were given in Aras shastra are still relevant and can be used in modern governance also fifth subo holistic approach of ARA shastra it has integrated economics law military strategy and social welfare into a CO cohesive governance framework it had balanced maintaining order economic growth State protection and people's welfare it had also offered a systematic approach to addressing governance and complexities six sub Point comparison with other political treates arthashastra is considered to be more practical and detailed than Plato's Republic and sunu Art of War it focuses on the pragmatic aspect of ruling of a state while other addresses specific area like philosophy or military it is considered as more comprehensive guide for ruler dealing with wide range of governance and challenges next topic that is concept of State in arastra first introduction to the concept of State in arastra arastra provides a detailed framework for governance and state Administration in Ancient India the state is vived as a complex entity with primary goal of maintaining Law and Order ensuring a economic prosperity and protecting its people it also emphasizes the need of need for a strong and centralized Authority Under a wise and powerful ruler next subtopic that is Seven Pillars or prri ofer set it is also called as sapang theory in Aras shastra according to this these are the seven pillars on which state is based these Seven Pillars are Swami that is King he's considered as a central figure responsible for leadership and protection second is amatya or Minister he is adviser in aiding governance and administration third is janapada or Countryside or country that is land and its people including the resources Durga that is fourth is the capital or stronghold providing the security next is kosha or treasury it is the state finances crucial for prosperity and defenses danda that is Army is a military force protecting the state from the threats Mitra that is allies are friendly states that support and cooperates with the kingdom third subo role of a king as per arastra the king is seen as a guardian of the state responsible for its protection prosperity and Justice he is expected to embodies virtues like wisdom courage and discipline he must be a skilled administrator and strategist ensuring the welfare of subject and maintaining Law and Order fourth subo responsibilities of State towards its subject these responsibilities are protection welfare Justice and security protection here means safeguarding the life and property of citizens welfare means ensuring economic prosperity and meeting the basic needs of people Justice Means maintaining law law and order and delivering impartial Justice and last security means defending against EX internal threat and maintaining the internal stability of the state fifth subo concept of Law and Justice in arastra arastra emphasized the importance of law that is Dharma and Justice that is na in governance King serves as a ultimate judge and responsible for ensuring Justice the legal system includes detailed law covering various life aspect from property right to Criminal offences six subo checks and balance in administration as outline in arastra cila has introduced checks and balance system in Aras shastra to prevent the abuse of power within the administration and to check hold of the power holder it has also Advocates advocated for the division of responsibility and emphasize on transparency and accountability spies and informant are used to monitor officials and King regularly audit their work to prevent corruption seventh subo policies on corruption and Punishment in arastra stance on corruption arastra has taken a stringent approach to corruption viewing it as a threat to State stability detection and Punishment it has outlined meod for monitoring and punishing corrupt officials emphasizing deterence and the Integrity of the state apparatus moving on to the sixth topic that is modern interpretation of arth shastras principle the principles of AR shastra continue to resonate in modern politics economics military strategy and governance many of ca's idea have been adapted and are seen as relevant to contemporary societies and statecraft first sub topic introduction to Modern interpretation arthashastra teaching are interpreted as Timeless guidelines for governance and statecraft modern Scholars view it has a precursor to Modern political and economic theories emphasizing a realism pragmatism and foresight arthashastra offers a framework adaptable to Modern context its principles are seen as foundational to realistic politics approach in contemporary governance second subtopic Earth AR shastra relevance to Modern politics cilia's insight into power dynamics statecraft and diplomacy continues to influence modern political thought his emphasis on pragmatism realistic politics and the use of Alliance is echoed in today's geopolitical strategies also arthashastra reflects a deep understanding of political realism modern governments use similar strategies to maintain power and influence third subo that is influence on management and governance cellus focus on structured governance Administration and role of leadership has influenced modern management theories his ideas on delegation organization and accountability are echoed in the Contemporary management practices cellous principle of governance are applied in organizational management today his emphasis on leadership delegation and accountability remains relevant in today's world also fourth subo influence of arastra on contemporary military strategies cil's military strategy particularly his focus on preparedness intelligence gathering use of spice and strategic Warfare are reflected in contemporary military doctrines Concepts such as gorilla Warfare Espionage and psychological tactics are still widely used modern military strategy Echo cilla's emphasis on intelligence and Court operations his preparedness and tactical flexibility remains Cornerstone of military Doctrine fifth subo that is modern diplomacy and arastra the diplomatic strategy in the arthashastra remain relevant in the modern international relation particularly in balancing power man man managing alliances and leveraging soft power alongside military strength the mandelas theory balance of power concept is still evident in modern diplomacy Mandela Theory tells us about forming alliances and how which are our friend and which are enemies of the state diplomatic relation today continues to balance alliances with pragmatism and National interest moving on to the next topic that is cilas legacy first subtopic influence of cila and arastra on later Indian rulers the legacy of cilas AR shastra served as a vital guide for post for ruler post morian Empire including the Gupta Empire adoption of principle dynasties have embraced the pragmatic approach to governance emphasizing a strong central Authority and the use of Espionage and diplomacy longivity of the idea in this the principle has ensured the enduring influence of cilia's idea in the Indian statecraft arastra is impact on Indian political thought arthashastra is considered as one of the foundation of political thought it has introduce a realist perspective in Indian political philosophy contrasting with the idealistic view in the other state which were present during that period of time power dynamics and governance cilia's work has led the groundwork for understanding the complexities of power governance and the role of ruler in Indian political discourse third subo influence on foreign policy and diplomacy Mandela the sixfold policies are the concept which guides ruler in diplomacy influencing alliances enmities and neutralities strategic interest this principle shape the Diplomatic engagement of Indian rulers both within the sub continent and with foreign powers fourth subtopic Revival and rediscovery of AR shastra in the modern era rediscovery arthashastra was revived in 1905 by R shamri bringing it back into academic and political discussion modern relevance scholar and policy maker recognize the text significance in understanding governance both in ancient and modern context fifth subo cilas arastra and modern political science he is usually compared with ma arthashastra is often like to P Prince for its realistic approach to statecraft it has also influence on the real politics that is the treti emphasis on State security Espionage and economic power continues to resonate in contemporary political theories it's Global influence of arastra comparative political Theory cilas work has a global impact drawing comparison with thinkers like M and sunu Universal principles the tre's insight into governance and diplomacy are studied worldwide highlighting its relevance Beyond India conclusion the enduring influence of cilas arastra had a lasting impact on India and Global political thought offering a Timeless insight into governance diplomacy and statecraft with this I would like to conclude my lecture on the political principles of v shastra and statecraft part in the next lecture we'll discuss discuss about the seven practis and other principle discussed in arastra thank you