okay now we're going to talk about the uh lower uh part of your appendicular skeleton so we're going to talk about the pelvic girdle and the legs first of all if you look at the pelvic girdle it's made of an O coxa here an O coxa here which together you call them OA coxa and then the sacral bone right here so those jum join together and that forms that pelvic girdle which holds each leg on so let's start looking at all the individual bones here we'll start over here with your osoa now you got a right and a left oxa and you got to figure out how do these things go well the easiest way the Mickey Mouse way to do it is to think Mickey Mouse ears so what I do is I take the Mickey Mouse ears and you know the ears are got to be sticking up does it go this way or this way or this way you got to just kind of figure out so you stick your ears up and then you look through the little eyeh hole here and then you make sure that cup is sticking out and that's going to be your right ocoa and then you do the same thing on the other ones so when you do it you look like you have Mickey Mouse ears so in order to make sure that you got the right one again you want this little Cup right here called the acetabulum which we'll come back to that's going to be forward or anterior you want the ears flared out and then you want this little straight part right there that's the pubic symphysis that's where the two come together or join symphysis means join so that has to be in the middle so this has to be a right oxa and that would make this one if you mix it around and then you put it how it's supposed to be get that straight edge right there of the pubic symphysis the eye hole in front then the ears coming out and then that acetabulum looking forward so you've got now a left aoxa so the left and right O oyoa Come Together and then you join those together with your sacral bone here and remember we talked about the sacral iliac joint which was that roughened area on the edges of the sacrum well now we're going to put that roughened edge here of the sacrum stop oh she's going to hold it for me okay that is the sacr iliac joint there so we kind of put all this together like this and you form a nice little pelvic girdle okay now let's take it apart and we'll talk about all the different parts and remember when we're talking about male and female model this pelvic girdle is going to be looking very different due to the effects of estrogen and testosterone on B on bone formation all right we'll start with one ocoa now this is actually a fusion of three different Bones the ear part here of Mickey Mouse is basically formed by what we call the ilium um if you think about like well I hate this anatomy lab and if you put your hands on your hips what you're doing is you're putting your hands right there on this crest of the iliac bone so that's called the iliac crest right there then also part of the ilium you're going to see this uh Sacro iliac joint where the sacrum comes in there and joins right there like that and so that's part of that ilum bone then you've got what are known as the greater and lesser sciatic notches so if you look from the side here you'll see a big Notch there and another notch there so that's the greater Notch and then that's the lesser sciatic Notch if it's a notch it's got to have something going through it so you have blood vessels and nerves going through those greater and lesser sciatic notches and sometimes when you uh stand up and and bend over and do different things you can kind of turn this and kind of pinch some of those nerves and cause sciatic pain that goes all the way down your leg all right another thing you're going to have on the um ilium bone or actually it's part of the isum too though is is this big cup right here that's called the acetabulum and that's what holds the uh bone of your leg into your um it that connects the bone of your leg so you got the head of this femur this big upper bone of your leg it sits in that cup right there that's a ball and socket joint right there that it can rotate around in and that gives your leg a lot of flexibility remember your ball and socket joints are the most freely movable so you get all that flexibility there so that's the acetabul okay so all of this pretty much is your ilum then you have kind of if you just kind of draw a line through here mess okay if you kind of draw a line right through the middle of that hole there that hole is called the alterator foramen um you have from this place over you have the pubic bone and then this down in here is the uh isum and your book does some really good colored pictures that kind of help you separate out these bones and we're not going to ask you where the dividing line is between the bones but just know you have ilium isum which makes this bump here and then pubic bone right here which makes the symphasis or the the joining together of these two bones if I can get it turned around right like that so we got that all right so let's look at the um isum here right there you've got what's known as the isal tuberosity and that's when you like have somebody like a little kid will come and just jump in your lap and sit down on your leg and you go oh your butt bone is killing me well that's the butt bone right there that you're feeling so that's the isal tuberosity part of that isum then you have the pubic bone right here and the only two parts you need to know about this are the pubic symphysis remember symphysis means joining so you join join these two bones together and you have that kind of flattened area with this made up as of the pubic symphysis and again you've got cartilage in between there um that that that keeps those bones from rubbing together and that cartilage will soften up when a woman has a baby the pregnancy hormones the progesterone will allow that car cartilage to kind of soften up and allow these to expand a little bit for pregnancy and delivery um also notice that when I have these bones together like this you have what's known as a pubic Arch you see the little Arch right there that's going to be important in determining if you have a male or female um skeleton if you have a small pubic Arch where it's it's just a narrow Arch like that that's more indicative of a male whereas a female is going to have a large wide pubic Arch like that and again that's Form and Function you've got to have this larger arch for to increase the girth here so you have a larger opening so you can deliver the baby so that's pretty much your oxa so one is an oxa two are OAC coxa and remember the little Parts here you've got the flap up here this is your ilium your iliac crest your your Sacro iliac joint then you have the greater sciatic Notch the Lesser sciatic Notch then you have the isal tuberosity the operator Fen which is the largest fan in your body the pubic symphysis and then the acetabulum where your leg connects or your bone connects to your leg there and you've got blood vessels and nerves going down through this opter for ramen so that's your oyoa then your o oxa is going to articulate with this large bone of your leg that's known as the femur again if you will get the femur oriented correctly you can name the parts real easy well I already told you you've got a ball and socket joint right here where your femur articulates in there so you know that's got to be the proximal end so if this is the proximal end does the ball join like this no so it's got to join like this where it's joining into the body you don't want to have that ball sticking out to the lateral side so now You' got to decide well is this the front or anterior or is it the back again always look for that big pit at the distal end just like you did on the humor and that tells you that's the back side or the posterior side so this is anterior and this has to be medial CU that's what's attaching to my body so that can't go this way in my I'm showing it in my arm it can't go this way it's got to go this way in my leg because this is medial and this is anterior so that's the only way it can go so that makes this a right femur okay now let's name the parts of the femur well you've got the head up here which is that rounded part and you'll see a little um opening in the head of the femur that's known as the fobia capitus and that's where blood vessels and nerves run through remember your bone is very vascularized it's got lots of blood supply to it each osteon has that Central Canal that has a blood vessel and nerve in it so so you've got a large opening there for the blood vessels to go through called the fobia capitus and that's the head of the femur and then you have the neck of the femur which holds the head on now remember I've got this side anterior if you look at the posterior side you can see two big bumps you have these are attachment points for muscles this bigger bump on the top is called the greater trochanter and the one on the bottom is called the lesser trochanter you you can see them from the anterior side as well that's going to be your greater trochanter and then that's going to be your lesser trochanter so just remember greater and lesser and they're trochanter because those are um attachment points for muscles so we know now that this is the medial side of the bone so if we will follow the medial side down to the distal end of the bone we can figure out what our bumps are down here on the distal end of the bone you're going to see two big rockers here remember a rocker is called a cond so if this is the medial side of the bone this is going to be our medial cond and then that makes this our lateral condo well if you've got a medial and lateral cond you're going to have a medial and lateral epicondilite so this is now our medial side there's our medial cond so there's our medial epic cond remember Epi is above or upon so that's your medial epic condal and then coming from this side that's your lateral side so you've got your lateral cond and then you have your lateral epicondylosis opposite which I don't even want to say so tiia fibula and these bones are going to articulate with the femur here so if you look at the it has a leg Yeah there's there you go right here we've got a leg right there so they articulate like that so there's your uh femur coming down and then you have the tibia and see those two conds here the medial and lateral condal they're going to articulate right there on the top of that tibia and then the fibia is going to articulate right there on the back side of fibula see I'm doing it it's because I'm trying to think not to do it tiia fibula okay