Total Physical Response Teaching Method

Lecture Objectives

• Define principles of the Total Physical Response (TPR) teaching method.
• Identify typical techniques used in TPR lessons.
• Know the advantages and shortcomings of the TPR method.

Introduction

• TPR is a language teaching method that employs physical motor activity for language acquisition.
• Focuses on language through physical movements and actions.
• Invented by Dr. James J. Asher, a professor of psychology.
• Aims to reduce student anxiety and lower the effective filter in learning.

Characteristics of TPR Method

• Learning through Action: Students can learn by observing or performing actions.
• Focus on Listening First: Listening ability and vocabulary must be developed before speaking.
• Use of Imperatives: Commands requiring physical movement help in directing behavior.
• Individual Readiness: Students are not forced to speak; they speak when ready.
• Focus on Flexibility: Students learn to understand novel combinations of language.
• No Memorization Stress: Avoid fixed routines and promote spontaneous language use.
• Stress-Free Environment: Learning is more effective when fun and stress-free.

Teacher's Role

• Employ techniques like repetition, matching sounds with letters, and spelling.
• Use word walls to enhance visual learning.
• Actively model lessons and provide opportunities for natural speaking development.
• Offer parent-like feedback and be supportive of learner's errors.

Learner's Role

• Listener and Performer: Listen attentively and respond physically.
• Monitor Progress: Evaluate their own language learning progress.

Teaching-Learning Process

• Teachers must be organized and plan lessons in advance.
• New commands are given and varied according to learners' needs.

Advantages of TPR Method

• Allows modeling of language without explicit grammar teaching.
• Engaging and enjoyable for students, lifting classroom morale.
• Facilitates recognition of phrases and words effectively.
• Good for kinesthetic learners and can be applied in various class sizes.
• Utilizes both left and right brain functions in learning.

Disadvantages of TPR Method

• May embarrass students unaccustomed to physical activities.
• More suited for beginner levels; less effective for advanced abstract concepts.
• Prioritizes receptive skills (listening) over productive skills (speaking).
• Learning can be time-consuming and may require full class participation.
• Challenges for shy students and can limit vocabulary learning to easy items.

Conclusion

• TPR is an alternative to explicit teaching methods like grammar translation.
• Emphasizes both speaking and listening through commands and interactions.
• Based on the idea that active participation enhances language acquisition.