Introduction Nervous System lab

We will briefly talk about the function of the nervous system and the overall structural organization of the nervous system. So the nervous system, I want you to think about the feedback cycle. When we discuss the feedback cycle, we have... sensory receptors, input, control center, output, and effectors. So when we talk about functions of the nervous system they're going to actually align with the feedback cycle. So sensory receptors would be basically something telling someone hey they're thirsty. We have input that's going to be nervous input, so electrical signals, that will go to the control center where the information is going to be analyzed and evaluated. And then we're going to have motor output. The motor output is going to be also an electrical signal to some type of effector. Now remember effectors can be muscles and glands and they can actually be almost any cell in the body. So what makes this unique is that all the signaling the input and the output will be controlled by the nervous system. So again you see something sent so that's the receptor would be in this case the eye. We have nervous system input electrical signals to where the control center could be where we're going to integrate this information and then send motor output Again, electrical signals to an effector, in this case is also a muscle. So the three major functions of the nervous system are sensory, integrative, and motor. The sensory function is going to be taking information from the peripheral portions of your body to the central portions of your body. Sensory function is going to be performed by sensory neurons. also known as afferent neurons. Now the sensory function is going to actually send the information into the control center. The control center is where integration occurs and for the nervous system the control center is always going to be either the brain or the spinal cord and it's always going to be performed by what we term interneurons. Interneurons are also known as association neurons. I prefer using the word interneurons because because interneurons integrative function. So it can help you remember what's happening in this area analyzing. Now, interneurons are only gonna be found in what we call gray matter of your brain and spinal cord. And we'll discuss that a little bit later on. But in general, gray matter are gonna be neurons, which are cells that do not have any myelin sheath or this fatty protein covering themselves. And then last is the motor function. Motor function is going to be taking information from your brain and spinal cord to the peripheral area of your body. The motor neurons are going to serve this function and motor neurons are also known as efferent neurons. Now since these words efferent and afferent sound a lot alike, an easy way to remember which is which is the term same. Sensory is the same as afferent. Motor is the same as efferent. So this is a good way to remember that these two mean the same term. They're taking information into the brain and spinal cord. Motor and efferent are the same. they're taking information away from the brain and spinal cord. So if we go back to that original picture we can see that there's always a pathway from the peripheral into the brain and spinal cord that's going to be sensory or afferent and then motor is going to be from the brain and spinal cord to the peripheral area of your body motor or efferent. Now your nervous system is going to be divided into two major regions. The central nervous system and then what we term the peripheral nervous system. So the central nervous system is going to be divided into two major regions. The peripheral nervous system is going to consist of your brain and spinal cord and they are centrally located in the body. The peripheral nervous system is going to consist of everything else. The peripheral nervous system is going to consist of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, receptors, and it's going to be subdivided further and further. So just a quick picture here. Central nervous system, brain, and then spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system are going to be the cranial nerves coming off of the brains, 12 pairs. Spinal nerves coming off of the spinal cord. Ganglia, which we will talk about soon. And then receptors in the skin. And then the end. Enteric plexus is basically just a braided network of nerves that's going to innervate your digestive tract. So the nervous system is broken into the central and then the peripheral. The peripheral is going to continue to be subdivided. It's divided into two major regions, autonomic and somatic. Anytime you see the word somatic, this means that these neurons, whether they're motor or sensory, are only serving skeletal muscle. So somatic sensory neurons are going to take information from skeletal muscle to the brain and spinal cord, whereas somatic motor neurons are going to take information from the brain and spinal cord to the skeletal muscles. Somatic, another way to think of it is voluntary. We're actually controlling that movement. We are in conscious awareness. Then we have the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system, think about what that word sounds like. Autonomic sounds like automatic. This nervous system is going to innervate, so send neurons to and have neurons coming away from your smooth muscle. cardiac muscle, and glands. All of these are involuntary, meaning that we don't consciously control them. Now the autonomic nervous system is going to be subdivided into two different divisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic, and these are going to be what we call antagonist systems, so they basically have opposite effects on each other. Sympathetic is fight and flight, so it's going to be high energy emergency exercising. So situations that require tons and tons of energy. Whereas parasympathetic is going to be rest and digest, meaning that this is the system that is going to be in charge when you're calm, sitting, after you eat big meals. We call it the D's. It increases digestion, defecation, diuresis, so urination. pooping, and then digestion. The sympathetic system is going to take the nutrients that you gain from digestion, convert it into usable energy, and then use it in high energy situations. So, in the peripheral nervous system, it's everything but your brain and spinal cord. We subdivide it into somatic and autonomic. Somatic only goes to skeletal muscles. Autonomic goes to involuntary components of your body, smooth cardiac and glands. The... The autonomic is going to be divided into basically antagonistic, so opposite systems, the sympathetic, fight-flight, high-energy emergency situations, and parasympathetic, rest-digest, conserving the energy situations.

So when we talk about functions of the nervous system they're going to actually align with the feedback cycle. So sensory receptors would be basically something telling someone hey they're thirsty. We have input that's going to be nervous input, so electrical signals, that will go to the control center where the information is going to be analyzed and evaluated. And then we're going to have motor output.

The motor output is going to be also an electrical signal to some type of effector. Now remember effectors can be muscles and glands and they can actually be almost any cell in the body. So what makes this unique is that all the signaling the input and the output will be controlled by the nervous system. So again you see something sent so that's the receptor would be in this case the eye. We have nervous system input electrical signals to where the control center could be where we're going to integrate this information and then send motor output Again, electrical signals to an effector, in this case is also a muscle.

So the three major functions of the nervous system are sensory, integrative, and motor. The sensory function is going to be taking information from the peripheral portions of your body to the central portions of your body. Sensory function is going to be performed by sensory neurons.

also known as afferent neurons. Now the sensory function is going to actually send the information into the control center. The control center is where integration occurs and for the nervous system the control center is always going to be either the brain or the spinal cord and it's always going to be performed by what we term interneurons.

Interneurons are also known as association neurons. I prefer using the word interneurons because because interneurons integrative function. So it can help you remember what's happening in this area analyzing. Now, interneurons are only gonna be found in what we call gray matter of your brain and spinal cord. And we'll discuss that a little bit later on.

But in general, gray matter are gonna be neurons, which are cells that do not have any myelin sheath or this fatty protein covering themselves. And then last is the motor function. Motor function is going to be taking information from your brain and spinal cord to the peripheral area of your body. The motor neurons are going to serve this function and motor neurons are also known as efferent neurons.

Now since these words efferent and afferent sound a lot alike, an easy way to remember which is which is the term same. Sensory is the same as afferent. Motor is the same as efferent.

So this is a good way to remember that these two mean the same term. They're taking information into the brain and spinal cord. Motor and efferent are the same.

they're taking information away from the brain and spinal cord. So if we go back to that original picture we can see that there's always a pathway from the peripheral into the brain and spinal cord that's going to be sensory or afferent and then motor is going to be from the brain and spinal cord to the peripheral area of your body motor or efferent. Now your nervous system is going to be divided into two major regions.

The central nervous system and then what we term the peripheral nervous system. So the central nervous system is going to be divided into two major regions. The peripheral nervous system is going to consist of your brain and spinal cord and they are centrally located in the body.

The peripheral nervous system is going to consist of everything else. The peripheral nervous system is going to consist of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, receptors, and it's going to be subdivided further and further. So just a quick picture here. Central nervous system, brain, and then spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system are going to be the cranial nerves coming off of the brains, 12 pairs.

Spinal nerves coming off of the spinal cord. Ganglia, which we will talk about soon. And then receptors in the skin.

And then the end. Enteric plexus is basically just a braided network of nerves that's going to innervate your digestive tract. So the nervous system is broken into the central and then the peripheral. The peripheral is going to continue to be subdivided. It's divided into two major regions, autonomic and somatic.

Anytime you see the word somatic, this means that these neurons, whether they're motor or sensory, are only serving skeletal muscle. So somatic sensory neurons are going to take information from skeletal muscle to the brain and spinal cord, whereas somatic motor neurons are going to take information from the brain and spinal cord to the skeletal muscles. Somatic, another way to think of it is voluntary. We're actually controlling that movement. We are in conscious awareness.

Then we have the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system, think about what that word sounds like. Autonomic sounds like automatic. This nervous system is going to innervate, so send neurons to and have neurons coming away from your smooth muscle. cardiac muscle, and glands.

All of these are involuntary, meaning that we don't consciously control them. Now the autonomic nervous system is going to be subdivided into two different divisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic, and these are going to be what we call antagonist systems, so they basically have opposite effects on each other. Sympathetic is fight and flight, so it's going to be high energy emergency exercising.

So situations that require tons and tons of energy. Whereas parasympathetic is going to be rest and digest, meaning that this is the system that is going to be in charge when you're calm, sitting, after you eat big meals. We call it the D's.

It increases digestion, defecation, diuresis, so urination. pooping, and then digestion. The sympathetic system is going to take the nutrients that you gain from digestion, convert it into usable energy, and then use it in high energy situations.

So, in the peripheral nervous system, it's everything but your brain and spinal cord. We subdivide it into somatic and autonomic. Somatic only goes to skeletal muscles. Autonomic goes to involuntary components of your body, smooth cardiac and glands. The...

The autonomic is going to be divided into basically antagonistic, so opposite systems, the sympathetic, fight-flight, high-energy emergency situations, and parasympathetic, rest-digest, conserving the energy situations.

Transcript for:Introduction Nervous System lab

Transcript for:
Introduction Nervous System lab