Malcolm Knowles's Adult Learning Theory (Andragogy)

Introduction

• Andragogy: The concept or study of adult learning, emphasizing self-directedness and responsibility in decision-making.
• Purpose: Highlights how adult learning is distinct from children's learning and identifies suitable adult learning styles.

Six Key Assumptions of Knowles's Adult Learning Theory

1. The Need to Know

• Adults need to understand the purpose of learning something before engaging.
• Explanation of assignment purpose and outcomes can motivate adult learners.
• Instructors can implement this by outlining learning expectations early in the class.

2. Learner's Self-Concept

• Adults see themselves as responsible for their decisions and lives.
• Self-concept is a key predictor of success, especially in online learning environments.
• Instructors should empower learners, treat them as equals, and incorporate their life experiences.
• Collaborative and capability-demonstrating activities are encouraged.

3. Learner's Prior Experiences

• Adults have diverse life experiences, making them a heterogeneous learning group.
• Connecting learning to life experiences enhances understanding.
• Course content should allow for sharing experiences through group projects and discussions.
• Instructors should foster an encouraging environment for sharing experiences and ideas.

4. Learner's Readiness to Learn

• Readiness is linked to developmental concepts and needs alignment with learning.
• Engage learners by asking about relevant experiences and expectations.
• Asynchronous discussions allow reflection and engagement, aiding readiness assessment.

5. Learner's Orientation to Learning

• Motivation increases with authentic learning activities.
• Curriculum should be process-based, allowing content development per learner needs.
• Authentic activities like case studies and problem-solving keep learners engaged.

6. Learner's Motivation

• Adults are intrinsically motivated.
• Instructors can enhance motivation by creating engaging, respectful learning environments.
• Use of games, multimedia, and simulations can boost motivation.

Conclusion

• Andragogy's assumptions are valuable for shaping adult learning processes.
• Applicable to various learning situations, including online environments.
• Adapting assumptions to fit individual learners and situations benefits adult learning.