cell types that i want you to know oh let me go back a second um under transport i'm going to put paracellular transport and intracellular or trans cellular excuse me trans cellular transport so if here we have a bunch of cells paracellular is going between the cells whereas trans cellular is going through okay so paracellular goes between trans cellular goes through a cell okay and you can have either either type can occur okay paracellular or trans cellular okay you should know those terms um okay so where was i here so some of the cell types you should make sure that you know excuse me um juxta for juxtra juxta glomerular cells cells of the macula densa now let's see mesengeal cells intercalated cells and principal cells okay juxtaglomerular cells are found and immaculate well jessica murray your cells oh and potasites that's the other one and i already talked about potasites potasites or wrapped around the glomerulus and form the third filter principal cells um well let me start up here with jessica moreno the juxtaglomerular cells are found on um the the jexical murder cells and immaculate densa are together they form the jga which is the juxtaglo glomerular apparatus which is involved in regulating it's a method of regulating the glomerular filtration rate you want the rate to be just right if it goes too fast you'll lose things in the urine if it goes too slow you might put too many things back into the blood so you want it to go at just the right rate glomerular filtration rate is gfr and that is looked at as a measure of kidney function you look at the glomerular filtration rate now the juxtaglomerular cells are on the afferent arterial and the macula densa is it depends which textbook you look at it's either distal convoluted tubule or collecting duct but it's right around that area it's near the end of the tubule system the same thing with the intercalated cells and the principal cells they're both at that same distal convoluted tubule collecting duct area so basically what's happening at the jga i'll put that here the cells of the maculidensa it press against um so like here would be the maculidensis cells and here would be the cells of the afferent arteriole okay the juxtaglomerular cells so this would be like macula densa and right there and we'll look at some pictures of it a little bit but these cells detect too much water and solutes leaving in the filtrate meaning that the filtration rate is too fast you're losing good stuff you don't have enough time to reabsorb enough water or solute because the filtration rate was too quick and so it signals the cells on the afrin arteriole and they are going to decrease the diameter of the afferent arteriole so they signal these cells and these guys are going to decrease the diameter of the afferent arteriole because remember the bigger that that is compared to the size of the efferent the more pressure there's going to be and the more pressure the higher the filtration rate so if the filtration rate is going so fast that you're losing water and solutes and they're going to be part go into the urine this is in the late part of the nephron and it's detecting these high levels of water and solutes that are leaving that should be reabsorbed this by making this guy get smaller you're going to decrease the pressure okay so instead of being really big now he's smaller and that decreases the pressure okay so that's what the the jga does the mesengeal cells are also going to be involved in filtration these are found between the loops of the capillary and the glomerulus when they're relaxed it causes the um it allows the capillaries to be as open as possible to be as dilated as possible and it increases the amount of blood that can be filtered when they constrict then it's going to decrease the amount of blood that can felt be filtered so this helps regulate filtration okay intercalated cells are going to be important for reabsorption um going to be important for ph and we're going to see we're going to learn more about ph with the chapter on fluid electrolyte balance and ph but basically if the ph is too low that means it's acidic you're going to increase the hydrogen ions that are removed if the ph is too high you're going which means it's basic you're going to first of all decrease the hydrogen ions that you remove and increase the bicarbonate remember bicarbonate from the pancreatic fluid and bile that's removed and so the kidney is one of the big places where we help to regulate the ph of the blood okay the principal cells are important for here is where adh works for water reabsorption and also aldosterone aldosterone is the major regulator of sodium and where salko's water follows so it regulates its sodium i'll put it down here space there um aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and water follows and that increases your blood pressure and blood volume it also increases potassium secretion remember we want to get rid of potassium we don't want high levels of potassium because potassium we have to keep extracellular levels low so that we can have action potentials so we want high sodium outside the cells and low potassium so we're going to try to get rid of the potassium okay um so both aldosterone and adh work on the principal cells and then the potassites are going to make that third filter so you should know all of these different types of cells let's see what else do i want to talk about before i move back to the um [Music] the time it's eight o'clock so we have an hour okay let me go to the powerpoints now let me save these save all these guys