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Maryam Mirzakhani's Legacy in Mathematics

Apr 29, 2025

Lecture Notes: Maryam Mirzakhani's Mathematical Legacy

Acknowledgments and Introduction

  • Thanks to Colleagues: Acknowledgment to mathematical colleagues and PhD advisors Rami Takloo-Bighash and Laura DeMarco, along with others like Anton Zorich, Kurt McMullen, and Alex Wright, for inspiration and insights on Maryam's work.
  • Lecture Hosts: Gratitude to Gresham College and the London Mathematical Society for hosting the talk.
  • Focus: Discussion on Maryam Mirzakhani's contributions, her mathematical legacy, and why her work is both impressive and compelling.

Background on Maryam Mirzakhani

  • Early Life: Born in Tehran in 1977, educated in a prestigious school in Tehran.
  • Mathematical Talent: Recognized early for talent, participated in the International Mathematical Olympiad, earning two gold medals.
  • Cultural Context: Despite Iran's gender-segregated education, opportunities for women in science existed and were utilized by Maryam.

Maryam's Mathematical Work

Geometry and Dynamics

  • Riemann Surfaces: Focus on the intersection of geometry and dynamics; Riemann surfaces have geometrical and dynamical properties.
  • Geodesics: The study of closed geodesics on surfaces and their significance in understanding surface geometry.

PhD Work and Contributions

  • Counting Geodesics: Pioneering work in counting simple closed geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces.
  • Methodology and Results: Used grouping techniques to understand the density and distribution of geodesics, leading to significant theorems about their growth.

Moduli Spaces

  • Definition: Moduli space as a map correlating points to mathematical objects; importance in understanding deformation and classification of geometries.
  • Translation Surfaces: Explored translation surfaces which arise from billiard table dynamics and have applications in geometry and number theory.

Major Results

  • Eskin-Mirzakhani-Mohammadi: Collaboration leading to a comprehensive understanding of orbits in moduli spaces, proving they are defined by simple polynomial equations.

Applications and Analogies

Illumination Problem

  • Concept: Whether a light source can illuminate all parts of a room covered in mirrors.
  • Rational Polygons: Work shows only finitely many inaccessible points in rational polygonal billiard tables.

Blocking Problem

  • Description: Can one block paths from point A to B using finitely many obstacles?

Personal Life and Legacy

  • Personal Challenges: Diagnosed with breast cancer; despite treatment, succumbed at age 40.
  • Awards and Recognition: First woman to win the Fields Medal, recognized for her groundbreaking contributions.
  • Influence and Tributes: Inspired initiatives like the International Women in Maths Day and scholarships to promote women in mathematics.

Conclusion

  • Documentary Recommendation: A documentary capturing her life and legacy, providing another perspective on her impact.
  • Speaker's Work: Brief insight into the talk's speaker's own work in complex dynamics and its relation to Maryam's field.
  • Acknowledgments: Thanks to participants and organizers for the event.