our pelvic girdle needs to connect with the femur in a way that allows a good amount of movement but also it can support a ton of weight not just for us to stand or walk around but jumping and running and you know like doing that exercise where you hold the big dumbbell or barbell is that cold so let's look at how the pelvic girdle is structured to allow this movement and so much strength here's all the bones of the pelvic girdle we've already looked at the sacrum and the coccyx because those are in the inferior end of the vertebral column remember they're just made of fused vertebrae so the new bones of the pelvic girdle are the coxal bones meaning this phone and this one the two wide lateral bones of the hip but we don't call them hip bones coxal bones or each of these individually is called an 'a scoffs a' meaning a coxal bone the thing about the coxal bones is that II just coxa is made from the fusion of three other bones the ilium the ischium and the pubis and typically you'll see color-coded versions of the pelvis to help clarify those differences but that's just as you get to know these bones over time you'll want to be able to tell apart those portions of the coxal bones just by their location so here's a coxal bone and ahs coxa on its own and before we start it would be helpful to recognize where the three fuse bones meet with each other and so if you can find the acetabulum which is the socket or the head of the femur hits you're basically just drawing lines across the acetabulum to isolate the ilium a big superior bone of the Oz coxa is the ilium from there if you draw a line roughly straight down you'll isolate the ischium from the pubis maybe the best way to remember where each of these is found relative to one another is know that if you take your fingers and palpate down from your umbilicus from your bellybutton down down down until you reach your groin your pubic bones kind of jut forward down there there's a little fat pad on top but you can probably feel the pubic bones I'm not talking about genitals you know what I mean I'm saying the pubic bones superior to the genitals bony protuberances pointing out so we'll see that those pointy outie parts of your pubic bones have a name and can help you identify where they are right here so just make sure you're trying to visualize biast as three separate bones because most of the names of the structures here are going to use the bone name meaning if you have a big crest on the top of the ilium we call it the iliac crest if you have a chunk of bone that sticks out on the front of the Aastha near the top that's called the anterior superior iliac spine so it's the front top of the ilium anterior superior iliac spine there's also a posterior superior iliac spine and a posterior inferior iliac spine and an anterior inferior iliac spine it doesn't really matter which word you put first you just have to know that in the front of the Oz coxa you have two one above one below and in the back you have two more one above one below those spines are for muscle attachment another structure on the ilium is the greater sciatic notch there's a big notch out of the ilium that is for the sciatic nerve to travel through from there if you travel inferiorly from the greater sciatic notch you'll find the lesser sciatic notch and those two notches are separated by a sharp sticking out part of bone called the ischial spine so that's going to help you know that you've now transitioned into the ischial region of the oz coccyx the structures will name now are all part of the ischium is the ischial spine the lesser sciatic notch the ischial tuberosity remember a tuberosity is a bumpy rough patch of bone for muscle attachment and then there's also this part of the ischium that shoots out like a ray ray gun a ray of sunshine some kind of Ray that's called the ischial ramus it's a chunk of bone that projects anteriorly towards the front of the Oz coccyx is she'll ramus now if you can find that that's the end of the ischium so that ramus is going to articulate with another ramus more specifically the inferior pubic ramus that will lead you to the pubic tubercle that's the pointy out part of your pubic bone you can palpate on your body and finally the superior pubic ramus a ray of bone reaching superiorly towards the ilium there's also someone knocking yes there's also a name for this very large hole called the obturator foramen obturator foramen now if you had a coxal bone in your hand there's a hole exciting activity where you pretend it's a phone and then I say hello hello operator obturator but that doesn't come across so good in a video like this you'll just have to learn that name obturator foramen and don't forget the socket here the acetabulum that's where the head of the femur will articulate acetabulum means vinegar cup because acetic acid that's vinegar acetabulum is a vinegar cup if you've seen like Romeo and Juliet style movies Shakespearean times there are little cups about this size that the apothecary would put medicine in like vinegar was a good medicine in those days okay so here's the entire pelvis you can locate each of the bones of the oz coxa ilium ischium and pubis bones we can now also see from this view the iliac fossa very large indentation we can also see pubic symphysis symphysis is when things come together so that's where your pubic bones meet up if you have borne children this is a region of the body that can get really sore as your cartilage starts to break down loosen up these bones for better birthing you can also see a pubic angle or a pubic arch that will be important on the next slide finally you have a joint here between the sacrum and the iliac bones that's called the sacral iliac joint so we finished by looking at some differences between the male and female pelvis one of the easy ways to eyeball this difference is by looking at the angle of the pubic angle where in males that will be a very sharp angle like 90 degrees or less and in females hundred degrees or more but in fact everything should look a bit wider on the female pelvis the bone the pelvis overall is broader the Ilia project out more laterally or wider openings at the top of the pelvis and the actual region through which birth takes place and a big one is the curvature of the sacrum and coccyx so if we could move these pelvises and rotate them from the side we'd see that the female sacrum kind of does something like this with plenty of room for birth to happen but the male sacrum is this curved structure and then the coccyx kind of curves out as well and it would block the birth canal mm-hmm