CWTS faculty members, ROTC commandant and staff, ROTC instructors and tactical officers, CWTS students and ROTC cadets, good morning. First of all, I would like to thank Ma'am Malin Gahong, the CWTS coordinator. For inviting me as a guest instructor or speaker, as well as Ma'am Professor Annalie Gilongos, the NSTP, Director of Central Philippine University on subject Citizenship Training.
This subject that we will take up this morning is based on a book on Philippine Constitution. The topic that we are going to discuss this morning, cadets and CWTS students, are the following. Rights and responsibilities of the citizens of this country, services and and volunteerism for national development.
Then of course the... Exercise right fulfillment of an obligation and promotion of values towards responsible citizenship. The good citizenship values of being maka-Diyos, maka-likasan, maka-kalikasan, maka-tao at maka-bansa. The spirit of nationalism and patriotism as good citizens.
And I would like to talk also about historical and legal basis of the National Service Training Program. Number two is the Philippine Constitution, the preamble, especially this is one of the most important, the Bill of Rights and Duties and Responsibilities of a Filipino citizen. We will also talk about United Nations Principle of Human Rights.
Then, followed by a flag, Code of the Philippines, the Good Citizenship. Values, then voters' citizenship education. Those are the topics that we are going to take up or talk about this morning so that you will be familiarized as citizens of this country. By the way, before we are going to discuss further...
What is the purpose of citizenship training? I will have to explain, no? What's really the purpose of the citizenship training program? It aims to enhance the student for social responsibility and commitment to development of their communities and develop their ability to operate. hold law and order as they assume active participation in the community activities and assist the members of the community, especially in times of emergency.
So that's the purpose of the citizenship training. So to start, we will have to... I start with the basic rights of the citizens in the Philippines.
Alright, what are the basic rights of citizens in the Philippines? The basic human rights provision under Article 3 of the Philippine Constitution. It discusses the right of individual.
One is life. Life is so boring, right? Okay, so number two, yung liberty.
Ano ba itong liberty? I'm going to discuss this in the Bill of Rights after this. Kalayaan.
Yan ang liberty, yung kalayaan. Freedom from physical restraint. So, yan ang liberty.
Number three is privacy. It's also in the Bill of Rights, Freedom from Interference. It's saying that everything needs to be hidden. If you want to keep your privacy a secret.
The freedom of speech, right? Of a person. That's the... Freedom of speech, right of a person. To all, lahat nama sasabing yung opinion mo, rights mo yan.
Then, religion. This religion, we have many religions here in the Philippines. So, belief in or devotion to religious faith. So, you, whatever religion you are, don't comment on it.
Whatever religion, don't spread bad things about other religions. Sometimes I hear, this is the church, this is the way of the Holy Spirit. They are money making. Never utter insulting words to religions.
That is what they believe. Even me. All of us.
If that is what they want. religion. They will let them go. That is what they believe. Due process.
That. We will also discuss this in the Bill of Rights. Guaranteed by the Constitution.
The government provides justice to its citizens in all legal proceedings. That is what is being said in the due process. legal proceedings. Ito naman yung protection against unlawful searches, cruel punishment, and double due party.
Ano ba ito? Yung unlawful searches na... sinasabi yung illegal. You cannot just search, maski police ka, autoridad ka, kung illegal, kung wala kang you are not covered with search warrant or warrant of arrest. It should be signed by the judge.
Hindi pwede basta ka na lang mag-search-search dyan. You know, when I was with the intelligence, Amen. I have an asset informant.
We really want to capture the Shabu and the 20 firearms, high-powered firearms in Hinigaran. That's the first Hinigaran, the name of it. In Imamailan, rather. Imamailan.
But before you're going to search that house, You apply for a search warrant for a judge. I act as a deponent during that period. Because of my assets, my informant, when I conduct an investigation on where the guns are placed, where the shabu are placed, So that's what the judges will ask before they sign the certs warrant. So I told the judge that he asked what color is the room, what color is the paint, that's included in the place where the house is located. So it should be covered with drawing of the rooms, where the shabu is located, where the firearm is located.
Kailangan talaga... i-convince mo yung judge bago siya mag-issue ng search warrant. Kaya yung unlawful searches, hindi pwede yan. Nung na-convince ko na yung judge, he signed the search warrant. But then when we go there, nung pumunta na kami sa area, wala na.
Pagdating namin doon. Negative na, nalipat na yung firearms at saka siya bu. Parang ginwil kampang nga kami yung may-ari ng bahay. So meaning to say, nag- Maybe, right there in the judge's office, they said, you'll be searched there, just hide it. So, negative.
We didn't get anything. At least, it's legal for us to enter his house. There's a search warrant.
This, Protection Against Unlawful Searches. This is a cruel punishment. What are the cruel punishments?
Torture, if you are being tortured, inflict exercise or excessive sufferings. You inflict excessive sufferings. Pain, humiliation, it hurts, insults, everything.
That's a cruel punishment. And how about the double jeopardy? This is what I'm saying. This double jeopardy... If you follow the case of Dilima, he's already with them.
The case has been dismissed. Now, he's being put on trial again. tried the same offense.
Hindi pwede na yun. The case was dismissed. So, hindi mo na pwede i-tried. So, yan ang tinatawag na double duperde.
Ang pinagbabawal ang pag-uusig ng ikalawang Sometimes, for one offense, it's forbidden. Now, for Delima, she's acquitted in a drug case, she's being called again in a few days, the same offense. That's double-due party. So, a person cannot be tried or punished twice for the same crime.
That's not allowed. So did you get the WD party? Okay.
So those are the seven basic human rights provisions under Article 3 of the Philippine Constitution. The basic rights of the citizens in the Philippines. Okay, next.
We will go now to student rights and responsibilities. Student responsibilities. has the responsibility to respect the rights and property of others, including the student, the faculty, the university officials.
What are the university officials? Of course, the ones who are higher in the administration building. So number two.
A student has the responsibility to be fully acquainted with the published university student rules and to comply with them as well as local law. So, we have what we call here at the university, at the CPU, rules and regulations. You should read that or else you will be violating the...
If you violate the rules and regulations, you will be punished. So you need to be familiar with the rules and regulations of schools. That's why you should be familiarized with the rules and regulations of the Central Philippine University. So at least you don't...
The local laws, as well as our local laws, you should... always be we need to be law-abiding citizens so that sometimes I notice that people are wrong and they argue. That's why there are many Filipinos who are undisciplined.
You're wrong. You can argue with them. When I get caught, I just do this.
In the SM, they also have rules. If you say that this is forbidden, I will deposit it first. I have a knife here, a Swiss knife. One time, although I know the SM, others don't.
One time, I checked, I have a Swiss knife. I'll deposit it and return it later. Because I'm showing law. We need to set an example.
We're law-abiding citizens. Because they have rules and regulations. That's how it is.
As a student, practice that. If you think you're wrong, ask for it. You can just say sorry sir, we can't repeat it sir. Don't argue anymore.
Okay? So, we need to be law-abiding citizens. Number three, a student has the responsibility to recognize that student action reflect upon the individuals involved. And upon the entire university community.
That is our point. And the number four is a student has the responsibility to maintain a level behavior which is consistent in supporting the learning environment. environment of the institution and to recognize the university obligation to provide our environment for learning. Self explanatory. That's all.
That's all. So that we don't have any problems. That is the student rights and responsibilities.
How about the student rights? Student rights? A student shall have the right to participate in a uh...
...quantitatif free exchange of ideas. And there shall be no university rule or administrative rule. that in any way abridges the right of freedom of speech, expression, petition, and peaceful assembly as set forth in the Constitution.
So this is what we got. You can do group dynamic. You are free.
All of it. For exchange of ideas. That is what we are doing in our schools.
Group dynamic. Exchange of ideas. So you can pick up that it is right. That's how it is. free from any form of discrimination, including harassment on the basis of race, color. Ah, or ethnic origin, religion, sex, disability, age, sexual orientation, or veteran status in accordance with the applicable state laws.
Ito ah, tandaan niyo yung any form of discrimination, free from any form of discrimination. Very self-explanatory. A student has the right, number three, to personal privacy except as otherwise provided by law. And this will observe by student and university authorities. And number four, each student subject to disciplinary action arising from violations of university student rules shall be assured a fundamentally faith process.
Like what I mentioned earlier, I gave it to them because someone asked them to drink it. He smokes. That's really not allowed.
So, the President gave a disciplinary action. Ouch! He can't go back to the ROTC. That's a bad example to the instructor.
Drinking inside the office or especially in the ROTC unit is a violation. That's a grave offense to the rules and regulations of the CPO. that is a grave offense. Now, they are a bit angry, but then they are a bit disciplined. So, those are the four student rights.
Rights of the citizens. Responsibility, rights and responsibilities of citizens. What is that?
Number one is, it shall be the duty of the citizens to be loyal to the Republic and to honor the Philippine flag. We should honor the Philippine flag, we should have loyalty first. You should always be loyal also.
...to the Republic. You have loyalty, right? If you memorize your loyalty.
It's beautiful. If you work for man in heaven's name, work for him, speak well of him, and stand by the institution he represents. That's loyalty, right?
Remember that owns of loyalty is the word of power, the cleverness. Very clever, that. If you must grow, condemn. them eternally painful?
Why resign your position if you are on the outside, dumb to your heart content? As long as you are part of this institution, do not condemn it. As long as you are part of this Republic of the Philippines, do not condemn it. If you do, the first highway that comes along will blow you away and probably you'll never know why. You're suddenly blown away by the wind.
This is what we call the Philippine flag, patriotism. You should always be, this is the patriotism of the flag, you should always respect the flag of the Philippine flag. You should be patriotic. Number two is to defend the state and contribute to its development and welfare. You know, we can contribute by being the citizens of this country.
What's the beauty of it? We can contribute as citizens. We are Tagacan, we are Filipino citizens. To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws.
There are laws that we should obey. And the last is to cooperate with duly constituted authorities in the attainment and preservation of a just. That's why we should cooperate with constituted authorities. The discipline should always be... Courage, respect, respect, that's important, respect.
So those are the rights and responsibilities of the citizens. Another topic, Juan, is the importance of God, people, nature, and country. These are the important things, Juan, that we need to remember during this time of the story. The President. This is the national anthem of the Philippines.
It was taken from the last four lines of the Panunumpanang Katap. Patan sa watawat ng Pilipinas. Ako'y nanunumpang magtatapat sa watawas ng Pilipinas.
At ito'y pinagtibayan noong 12 February 1998 sa visa ng Batas Republika bilang 8491, ang Kodigo sa Watawat at Heraldika ng Pilipinas sa panahon sa pagkapangulo ni Fidel V. Ramos. The most important thing He was established in the Philippines 12 years after the country's former state of no longer existed, the country of one god. That was the day when he was established in 1979 as President of Ferdinand Marcos.
The Philippines was described by a group as the common Filipino tradition in which each one of them was united. I am At the same time, Bobet Avila of the Philippine Star, the Filipinos show the love of the Philippines to God who is the first in any situation. In the depiction of Malilong Isberto of the Freeman, the brotherhood of the Philippine Star of the City of Cebu, Ikinakatawan ng salamagkain ang mga Tumor.
It is the duty of the true and loyal Filipinos. That is the maka-Diyos, maka-tao, maka-likasan, maka-bansa. Next.
Kahit ginawang opisyal ang maka-Diyos, maka-tao, maka-kalikasan sa maka-kabansa noong 1998, walang malay pa rin ang nakakaraming Pilipino sa pag-ira. In 2007, Hieronymo L.C. wrote in the Manila Times that there is no national food in the Philippines.
This is considered a national slogan and the majority of Filipinos are against it. The government is not responsible for the problems that have been created in the country because of the lack of the usual direction that is being put in place by a country in the past. Even if it is regulated.
and Rodrigo Aycodigo in Watawat and Heraldica in the past year. After this, Esberto started to know that there are many who have a national Salvia Cayenne and those who know that there is a national Salvia Cayenne, they may not have time to discuss how they should Iangkop ang salawikain sa kanilang buhay. While the perfect man is God, man, the people of the countries as a countryman, Salewi Cain, Ani Abila, he insisted that because many Filipinos are independent, they do not follow the doctrine of their Christian doctrine. And Salewi Cain is not problematic here kung inahambing ito sa...
to other Salawikain like Benneka Tunggali Ika. However, this will be a major contribution to the development of a country, a people. In 2013, he established the Salawit-Cayengion as the center of the Palyadong-Idilohiang-Hakubinist.
So that's what we're saying about patriots, citizens, people, and nations. So, what is patricism? Patricism is the feeling of love, devotion, and sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be combined with the feeling of love. of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland and ethnic, cultural, political, historical aspect.
It passes a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism. Very self-explanatory. What is our example?
What is the example? All this. patriotism. Ito. The soldiers showed exemplary patriotism depending their country from attack.
Yan ang example ng patriotism. I repeat. Example. The soldiers showed exemplary patriotism depending their country from the attack. So, how about there, itong patriotism generally has the positive, it's used for various positive sentiments, attitude and action involving loving one's country and serving the great job of all its people.
So nationalism, how about nationalism? Very basic also. Just read this. So that because I was only given one hour to conduct lecture on citizenship training, meron tayong 22, it discuss about.
the bill of rights so i think let's proceed to the next just read this nationalism very self-explanatory historical and legal basis of the NSTP. At least then after that, punta tayo sa Constitution. Medyo mahaba-haba yun so that may discuss natin mabuti ang mga provisions of the Bill of Rights.
The historical and legal basis of NSTP. NSTP introduces the Filipino youth to civic consciousness and emergency response. It aims to develop their ethnic patriotism by engaging in one component of three components which is designed to enhance the Filipino student active participation in the nation.
building. Number two is the NSTP Law or Republic Act. Number 9163 also known as the National Service Training Program NSTP Act of 2001. was signed by former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on January 23, 2002. And it is the integration of House Bill No. 3593 and Senate Bill No. 131824, which were both passed and approved on December 19, 2001. 3. The NSTP law has made ROTC optional since the first semester of school year 2002-2003 and has allowed students to choose from ROTC, LTS, and CWTS as requisite for graduation. Alright.
NSTP component. The following are components of the NSTP law as enumerated in Section 3 of Republic Act No. 9163. The Reserve Officers Training Corps is programmed institutionalized under Section 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, designed to provide military training to tertiary-level students to motivate, train, organize, mobilize them for national defense preparedness. LSTP component number two, LTS, the Literacy Training Service, is a program designed to train students to become teachers of literacy and numeracy skills to school children.
out of school youth and other segments of society in need of their services. Number three, the Civic Welfare Training Service refers to program activities contrary to the general welfare and and betterment of life for the members of the community and enhancement of its facility, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, and moral, and citizenry. So those are the three.
This one, I will talk about ROTC. The purpose of ROTC is not... only to teach the student the values of citizenship, followership, personal responsibility and sense of accomplishment, but also to give learning on the essential life skills that will develop their self-esteem character.
Teamwork and self-discipline as taught in civic welfare training service w as well there are otc will also teach you the qualities of camaraderie, qualities of leadership, and qualities of courage. This will prepare you, especially you, the ROT, taking up ROT now, to be an individual who has the appropriate character, knowledge and skills that will later be enhanced as they further progress in their personal life and later on with their careers. So, those are the three components of the NHDP. The CWTS, LTS, and the ROTC.
Very basic, just read that. Let's go now to the Philippine Constitution. Alright, the preamble of the 1987 Constitution. We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God in order to build just and human society and establish a government that shall embody your ideal aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and ensure ourselves and our prosperity in the blessing of independence and democracy under the rule of the people. ...law and regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, peace to ordain and promulgate this constitution.
Now, if that's in Tagalog, that's a lot. the people of the Philippines, who asked for help and power from God to build a strong and strong society and firm government that will be in our hands. and how to best serve each other. We must take care and uphold our values and we must be firm in ourselves and the right to the future. The gift of freedom and democracy under the rule of law.
Love, justice, truth, justice, freedom, love, equality. and peace is the cause of the constitution. That is the tagalog of the preamble of the Philippines.
Now, what is the preamble? What is the preamble meaning? It encourages love And passion for our country, the Philippines. It shows significant messages about our deep roles and responsibilities to every Filipino and society. As free nation, we must act and spend our liberty, kalayaan, with responsibility, focusing on love of our country, peace and unity.
That is the meaning of the preamble. So what about the purpose of the preamble of the Philippines? What is the purpose of that?
The purpose of the preamble of the Philippines, the preamble of the Constitution provides that we should establish a government which shall conserve and develop our patrimony. What is patrimony? Property inherited from our fathers, or male.
That is what we call patrimony. Alright, I think we're not going to discuss the Article 1 of Tukwan Ito. What we're going to discuss is the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights...
So, Article 3 of the Philippine Constitution, Bill of Rights. So, ngayon, pag-usapan natin ng tungkol sa Philippine Constitution of 1987, Article 3. Mas kilala natin tawag na Bill of Rights. Yun, Article 3 na yan.
Ano nga ba ang Bill of Rights? Yan. What is Bill of Rights?
When we say rights, ito ay tumutukoy sa mga karapatan natin, mga Pilipino. So ang Bill of Rights ay tumutukoy sa mga karapatan natin, mga Pilipino, dito sa ating bahay. But we are not only using our rights, we are also using it to protect our human rights.
They are only abused here in the Philippines or in the world. So, the Bill of Rights is made up of 22 sections of the rights of our people. So, let's start from Section 1. Let's start from Section 1. What is included in section 1? No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of law.
I mentioned earlier about life, liberty, or property. I mentioned property earlier. Now, in section 1, I have an example of life, the so-called right to life. We have the right to life.
For example, the cadet first class, let's say Villasoto, he now locked up his classmate, the cadet first class, Solis. He was shot. He planned to kill him.
He was shot and he planned to kill him. But he didn't continue. He didn't enter, he was shot.
The explanation of this scenario, even though he didn't continue to kill Solis, Cadet First Class Solis, Sappag... So, let's continue with the story of the death of Solis. Solis will still be in the process of taking a person's life.
It's not right. So, I repeated it. First Class Villasoto killed Solis.
And now, this didn't continue. But this did not continue. In this scenario, even if he did not continue to kill, the murder of Villasoto will still be included in the death sentence of a person.
If you're going to read the revised penal code, Article 63, Serious Physical Injuries, You will be punished under Article 63 of the Revised Penal Code. Because that is, if you break your arm, if you cut your hand, you will be punished for physical or serious physical injuries. You will be punished for 30 years imprisonment.
That is the right to life. You shouldn't have taken a life of a person. You've already killed him.
You've already taken a life of a person. So, he will still be saved from taking a life of a person. Right to life. Okay? So, right.
Right to liberty. We are here at right to liberty. The freedom.
You can do whatever you want to do. No one knows. The explanation of the right to sex is freedom. So freedom from physical restraint. Kalayaan mong gawin ang mga baga na inyong gustong mong gawin na walang nangingi alam na kahit sino sayo.
Pero ang kalayaan ito ay mayroon din lamang limitasyon na dapat sundin. Yung kalayaan na yan. Okay.
Example. Halimbawa, naisip mong magnakaw. Of course, we know that this kind of crime is not allowed under any law because stealing is a bad crime that has a feeling of murder if you commit it.
You will be punished under Revised Penal Code Article 308. You will be punished for the theft you think of. That is theft. TEP is punishable by revised penal code under 308. That is the limitation of your freedom.
You should not do what you should do, but when you are robbed, what you should do is punishable by revised penal code. If you are a robber. Okay? That's my example of the right of liberty.
That is your freedom. Number 3, the right of property. The right to own and use anything, as long as it's in the... It will not exceed the limitations of the law, the right property.
For example, you have a registered gun. That's a property, a gun. You possess a gun that we can say is registered, licensed.
But you used it for bad things, for holding up. Or bank robbery. This is, alam mo naman natin na ganitong gawain ay mali.
Kaya ito'y mapaparusahan din ng batas. Yan ang mga halimbawa na right of property. May right ka nga, but then pag ginawa mo, gumawa ka ng masama.
you will be punished under article in the revised Penal Code also. For the crime you committed, for the hold up. Alright, that is the explanation of right to life, right to liberty and right of property.
Let us now go to section 2. The right of the people to secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination of the complainant. and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the person or things to be seized. Okay.
Yan ang section 2 ng Bill of Rights. So, right of unlawful search na mention natin kanina, and see sure. This right says that you cannot arrest or trample the body of a person who has been arrested.
And you cannot enter the house of a person to search if you do not have a search warrant. But there is a time when you can arrest a person. Young. It's called a quote on the act that he is committing a crime. That's possible.
For example, a police corporal witnessed a murder in the place where he was patrolling. In this scenario, because a police corporal saw the crime in the murder of the owner of the arrest. of the death, he can arrest him without warrant of arrest.
Because he already died. You can do, you can arrest him without warrant of arrest. He witnessed it.
Second, you can confiscate one thing if it is illegal, that has been passed to the public. What is that? For example, the concealing deadly weapons. The police can do that.
There is also what is called a citizen's arrest. The citizen's arrest is about to commit a crime. He committed a crime already. You can arrest that, what is called a citizen's arrest. But this whole thing, you can't do it.
Search, if you don't have a warrant or arrest. These are the only exemptions here. Third, at the checkpoint, if you're driving a car, the police can't just search the car. They can't.
They can't search even if you have a gun in your car. They'll only do plain view or visual search. Check lang, pakibukas yan window mo. Ayan, titignan lang nilang ganyan. Kahit mayin baril mo dun sa, anong tawag yan, compartment of that car, hindi yan pwede nilang bubuksan yan, bawal yan.
Illegal search yun. It's only possible if you have plain view and visual search. As a police officer, you can also search a house if the person who lives there has agreed. For example, I can search the borders there.
That's my house. Now, a police officer can order without warrant or search warrant. That's what they're saying. You can ask for a house because there are shabu, guns hidden there. As long as the owner of the house is willing to pay.
So, those are the examples in Section 2. Let's go to Section 3. Here, we also mentioned Section 3. The Privacy of Communication and Correspondence. The privacy of community correspondents shall be inviolable except upon lawful orders of court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law. Sinasabi lamang itong seksyon na ito na hindi pwedeng basahin or pakinggan ng kahit na sino ang inyong mga private messages.
or other conversations or on your cellphone, it is not allowed privacy, that is a violation in section 3 and if you intend to use this thing to get evidence to a person, you cannot use this evidence because this is a violation of the right of privacy of a person in simple words If you get evidence in the wrong way, it's not legal. So that's not allowed. That's what we call it in Section 3, Privacy of Communication and Correspondence. Violation, hindi mo nyo pwede pabasa, hindi gagawin pwedeng ebidensya.
Section 4, Freedom of Speech. Napanggit din kanina natin ito. Dito sa section na ito, nakasaad ang malayang pagpahayag ng salubin ng mga tao kasama dito ang karapatang.
Punahin ang mga tao, ang gobyerno, kung ang malayang pagpahayag sa salubin ay para lamang sa pagpublikong interes. You can talk, you can give comment, kasi that is freedom of speech. Yung mga kurakot ng mga gobyerno, pwede mo yan, lahat. Sinabi din dito sa seksyon na ito na hindi mo pwedeng parusahan ang mga nagsasalita.
and are making statements about the issues of our society. I cannot do that. It's a crime.
But, not because we said this is a false statement, you can now make false statements, the fabricated reports about the government that can result in chaos. Don't fabricate untrue facts. You can shout, you can comment negatively to the government. But if you fabricate untrue facts, that's dangerous.
We have what we call anti-terrorism law. Later, you'll be arrested for entering anti-terrorism law. Alright, Section 5. Here it is again.
Religion and Belief. We mentioned earlier, this is our right to believe in our religions. This right cannot be known by anyone even the government.
Because of the number of religions in our country, you cannot say what people think of each religion. This is where the devotion of the devotees comes in. In your active religion, but in the aspect of it, you will only have a limited following. Example, for example, you are worshiping the God of death, and to show your devotee that you are worshiping a man for a month, you are trusting the God.
That is not allowed. If you devote yourself to a person, which is wrong because it is against the right of life. It's like you're killing a person so that you can devote yourself to the right of life of a person. Which is wrong because you're against the right to life of a person that we mentioned earlier in section 1. Right to life. Example naman sa right to life, yung pagpatay.
Kung basahin mo, kung basahin nyo ito, ito yung example ito. Basahin nyo yung, itake note ninyo, student. Article 247 of the revised penal code.
Article 247 of the revised penal code. Ito nakalagay dyan, sa revised penal code. caught and fragmented you know what I mean?
caught on the act any legally married person it says there who surprises his spouse in committing sexual intercourse and killed both of them killed ha? he killed or inflict serious physical injuries he cut his hands and his eyes Thereafter, immediately thereafter, shall suffer the penalty of this hero. Meaning, this is justified in killing because he caught the wife. The right to life, why did you kill her? But the killing is justified.
Can you get a right to life? In my opinion, that's the law. If you get killed, you're surprised. On the act of committing sexual intercourse and kill both of them or inflict serious physical injuries immediately thereafter, there's a phrase there, shall suffer the penalty of destero. Meaning, that's your penalty of destero.
If you kill both of them, you won't be able to sleep. Kasi justified ang killing. Kung halimbawa ito yung haro, doon ka lang ipipreso doon sa... Dito, hindi ka pwede nang lumabas. Doon ka lang sa liganes.
Halimbawa, hindi ka na pwede, dito ka lang sa haro. That's just hero. Kasi justified ang killing.
Asawa mo yun. Pero right to life. Hindi ka dapat pumatay ng tao, diba? Justified, yan ang justifying circumstances.
Right to life, the right to life will be included, we shouldn't be killed, but even if that is the law, he will die because there is a reason. Just read that, and analyze well the article 247 of the revised penal code. Analyze it, and correlate it here in the right to life of section 1. Section 6, the liberty of abode and of the changing. The same within the limit prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right travel impaired except the interest of the national security, public safety, and public health as may be provided by law.
So meaning to say, so section 6, right to travel. Section 6 states that we have the right to travel and live in a place where no one will know. In our country, we should not know anything about travel.
However, the government has suspended the transfer of housing. And first of all, in our list, there will be a pandemic. You can't go under Section 6, the right to travel.
You can prohibit that you can't travel. Although that is your right, right to travel. Section 7, right to...
Access information. The right of the people to the information on matters of public concern shall be recognized access to the official record and the document and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, All decisions, as well as government research, data use, basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizens subject to such limitations may be provided by law. Right to access information.
Sinasabi lamang ng seksyon na ito ay dapat kilalanin ang karapatan ng taong bayan at malaman ang tungkol sa mga bagay-baga na may... We are also aware of the official records, documents and papers regarding the official transactions or decisions. Just like the dates for the celebration of the death of the king of Patacaran in the pre-Eucharistic ceremony, the citizens will be given under the law. That's it, they will be given. In that section, the rights of the people are recognized and they know about the things that are related to them.
That is in section 7. In section 8, the right of the people, including those employed in the public-private sector, to form unions, associations or socialities for purposes contrary to law and shall not be. A bridge. Maraming na tayong union dito.
Parang meron din yata dito sa CPU. Parang narinig ko meron din dito yung union organization ng teachers. Na huwag lang sila maglabag ng quad. Against the rules and regulations. Kaya baka mamaya ma-quad sila.
Ma-keya kayong ididimanta sila ng university. So sa section naman na ito ay pinapahayag Hindi dapat The rights of the people of the country, along with those serving the public and private sectors, should be established by associations, the union. you can prohibit that. Or, the captains of the ships that will not go to the or will fight the law.
That's what I told you. Just don't. You can organize. But, that's it. If you're a bit over the line and you're falling into the laws, that's a bit not good anymore.
Maybe later. You'll get caught. So, in section 9, What does it say?
Private properties shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. What about Section 9? It says that private areas should not be taken for public use without just compensation.
How about the law on eminent domain? use of public use like widening of roads There are private property codes. But it is stated in the law that if it is in the law on eminent domain, for improved public use, the government can get it.
You will just pay the price of the government. That is in section 9. In section 10, No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
Ang ibig sabihin naman ng section na ito, hindi dapat magpatibay ng batas. Nasisira ang mga kontrata. So, dito sa Section 10, parang sinasabi lang na hindi mo pwedeng kontrahin ang mga batas para sirain ang isang usapan.
or one contract. So that's what that means. I repeat, what this section means is that the law should not strengthen the contracts that are being broken.
It's like saying that you cannot counter the laws to break one contract. Section 11. Pre-access for the courts and quasi-judicial ...vice-cell bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any persons by reasons of property. So, in this section, it is said that no one should be allowed to sleep in the hukuman.
I repeat, this section says that no one should be allowed to sleep in the... council, preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of council, he must be provided with one. This right cannot be waived except in writing in the presence of council. No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation or any other means which violates the free will shall be used against him, secret, detention, places, solitary, communicate or other similar...
forms detention are prohibited. Any confession or admission obtained in the violation of the section 17 0 shall be inadmissible in evidence against him. shall provide for penal and sanction for the violation of section to the compensation and rehabilitation victim torture under practices and their families.
This section you have the right to remain silent. It's written here in our Miranda Doctrine. Before you are arrested for the crime you did, the one who arrested you, you will go into inform his constitutional right.
That is what is called Miranda Doctrine. You have the right to remain silent any statement you may use against you in a court of law. You have the right to have a competent independent council preferably of your own choice. If you cannot afford the services of council, government provides you no one, particularly during constitutional investigation, waiver.
This is what the waiver says. The Miranda Doctrine. So this is the right of a person, to be quiet.
That's why, just like yesterday, the other day, I have a friend who was killed. You know, maybe, he was killed the other night, the other day. He was killed. It's like he got self-defense.
Kaibigan na kayo, my best friend yan. Ngayon, pumasok yung tao sa bahay na pag bukas na yung pintuan, may dalang kutsilyo. So what he did, may barelma, military, pagpagpag, baliktad, tatlong bala.
He was killed. So he called me one night. He said surrender to the police. Surrender to the police.
My advice to him was not to speak out loud. Wait for your lawyer. I advise him, let your lawyer answer. That's what he's saying. So, this is the right of a person who is silent in this section.
Whoever is under the investigation because of a violation, and should have the right to say his rights, including the right to be silent, to have a lawyer who is capable of defending ng isang nasasakdal. If he cannot afford to get a lawyer, he will have to take responsibility for himself. He will have to take responsibility for himself. We have the gun. The gun, we will use that.
It is also stated in that section that he should not use excessive poverty and force. It was mentioned earlier. not fear, fear, or any other way that he is allowed to do, he is allowed to do it. And the law also prohibits the imprisonment of a person to make him confess. It is called torturing him to confess.
It is also stated in Section 12 that he should not accept evidence against him or any kind of confession that was received. ...in this section and in section 17. It was also said in section 12 that the law should be enforced on the criminal-civil criminals in this section. Likewise, pay the fines and arrest the victims of the violence of the same kind of crimes and their families.
So what I did last night, yesterday, never talk. Let, wait for your lawyer, that's it. That's why, if you, for example, you were charged with a crime, you were arrested, if a police officer is investigating you, if he's not, If you mention the Miranda Doctrine, you will complain to the police.
That is 100% true. But the police already know about the Miranda Doctrine. You have the right to remain silent.
He will read it. Like King Duterte, he was taught the Miranda Doctrine. When he was arrested.
You have the right to remain silent. It's already been brought to the Hague. So this, yesterday, I will correlate the about this.
He did not remain silent until the lawyer came. So that is the right to remain silent. 13. All persons except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua, when evidence given before sufficient certainty may be released, impaired even the writ of habeas corpus suspended ex- of health shall be required. No person shall be heard and served in a criminal offense without due process of law. We'll go to verse 13 first.
All people, except the mahabla, sa mga paglabag ng pinarusahan ng reklosyon perpetua. Meron reklosyon perpetua to death, meaning to say, kuan yan, wala naman death sentence dito, life imprisonment. Kapag matibay ang ebidensya ng pagkakasala bago mahatulan, ay dapat mapiansahan ng sapat na halaga or maaring palayain bisya ng baril.
Abel, ayon sa itinadhan ng patas, hindi dapat bawalan ang karapatan ng patas. ng piyansa kahit sa suspension ng pribilihyo ng rate of habeas corpus. Okay, explain ko yung kahapon na naman.
They can't arrest my friend who was killed if they are going to arrest him for 36 hours. They are waiting for the complainant to complain. If there is no complaint, after 36 hours, he will be released.
Maybe later, he'll be released. Later. He'll be 36 hours. So he'll be released. If someone complains about that, he'll be arrested.
He'll be sent back to prison. In that prison, it's not murder, it's homicide. Murder and homicide are different. The murder case, you can't bail there. Homicide, that is homicide.
So if he's released again, he'll be bailed for 120,000 pesos for his freedom. Temporary liberty, he says. Freedom.
Okay, so, I repeat to my friend. I know that after 36 hours, there will be no complaint, no demand, they will be released. Because they will not be released by the police.
The police is an illegal detention. They violated the rules. That's why they were released after 36 hours. But after 36 hours, they filed a complaint against my friend who was killed.
Arrested again, let him go in there. Now, I advised the lawyer yesterday, after 36 hours, they have a bill of 120,000. They paid 120,000, temporary liberty, let him go in there again.
Did you get it? Okay, section 14. This is section 14. No person shall be held to answer without criminal without due process of law. In criminal prosecution, the accused, presumed innocent, after the contrary, is proved, and shall enjoy the right of her to be himself, counsel, inform, nature of their decision.
That is what is being said now. He must be heard. Section 14 speaks of due process.
That's it. There's no due process. As long as this is passed, there's no due process.
There's no end to the senators and congressmen. About the arrest of Duterte, there's no due process. There are many who have committed.
So this is it. For our education, section 14 speaks of due process. If you remember, we also mentioned earlier in the speech, the word due process in Section 1. What is due process?
It's the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owned to a person. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual persons from it. It is about the rights of the private individual.
So, the due process, there are two types of due process. The substantive due process and the procedural due process. The substantive due process has two types of due process. Substantive due process and procedural due process. The substantive due process is a process where it is only focused on the laws.
That's substantive. That should be in accordance with the situation. An example, let's say, it's about computer crimes.
That's substantive. This is the procedural due process. This is what the courts do. That's the procedural in the judicial process. This is procedural in our courts.
There are two of them. In the procedural, JUPRA is involved in an analysis of the procedure required by the Constitution when a state seeks to deprive people of life, liberty, or property. In the procedural, the court analyzes first if you are truly guilty or what is the crime of your actions.
This is an important part of the due process because if this is done by the court, all that can be discussed will be lost, the case will be ruined. That's a mess. Okay? That's what we have in the due process. Section 15, we're almost done.
The privilege of the Writ of Javier's Corpus shall not be suspended except in the cases of invasion or rebellion when the public safety required. So the Writ of Javier's Corpus, in this section, says that the privilege of the Writ of Javier's Corpus should not be suspended, maliban nga lang kung ang pagpaplanong paghihimagsik ng... panahon ng kinakailangan ng kaligtasang pambayan. Kagaya nung Marcialo, suspending rate of habeas forces kasi may rebellion, insurrection, kaya dinikler yun ng Marcialo.
So, military takeover nung araw yan, that was 1972. So, section 16. All persons have the right to speedy disposition of their cases before the judicial quasi-judicial administrative bodies. Right, this section 16 speaks of right to speedy disposition of their cases. Sinasabi lamang sa section ito ay dapat magkaroon ng lahat ng mga tao ng karapatan na badali ang paglutas ng kanilang mga usapin sa lahat ng mga pag-uusap.
to the authorities or the police as a peto. So, they want to speed up the disposition of their cases so that it can be finished. Okay, section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
It means, in this section, it is explained that a person who is a witness against himself should not be forced. This is the right of a person who is silent, that we mentioned earlier in section 12, the right to remain silent. That is in section 17. I repeat, No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
Section 18. No person shall be detained solely by reason of political belief and aspiration. No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been due. convicted. In this section 18, our leaders say that no one should be imprisoned because of his beliefs and political desires.
This is the one that should not be held in custody. It also says that it should not be held in custody by anyone in force of slavery, regardless of who or it is a kind of punishment over a crime. That is my explanation in section 18. We have till 1, 2, 3, na natitira na section bago tayo matapos. The 19th. Excessive fine saline post nor cruel.
Degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted neither shall be death penalty imposed, unless for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress, after providing for any death penalty already imposed, shall be reduced to the reclusion perpetua. The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with law. Meaning, you cannot do that. In this section, it is explained that you should not be fined. Or even if the criminal is transferred and there is no death penalty, like the one that is being charged with a death penalty or any, or the death penalty, aside from the death penalty of the death penalty, we don't have a law that says that there is a death penalty because of the crime of the criminal.
But the life sentence is there. But the one that is being charged, The so-called death penalty is gone. But because of the abuse of the death penalty, here in our country, the death penalty should be reduced to a perpetual reclusion that is to be imposed on a person who is killed by a murder.
The reclusion perpetua is life imprisonment. The law should also be passed to the poor. It's not allowed to use it physically, it's not allowed.
It's psychological. It's for anyone who is being held or detained to use a force that is not human. It's not allowed. You can torture it.
It's psychological. You can say that it's brain is being used. It's not allowed. What section are we on?
Section 20 speaks of debt. In this section, it says that a person should not be counted as a debtor or not to pay the debtor. There, no one is being charged in debt.
That's true. That's in Section 20. So here, it can be proven in this section that there are no people who... na kulong dahil sa pagkakautang.
Tsaka umutang na kayo. Gusto nyo. Wala naman nakukulong. Pero mahiya kayo. Section 21. No persons shall be twice put in double due party in punishment for the same offense in an act punished by law and an ordinance conviction acquittal under the self-constitute bar another prosecution for the same act.
Yung sinabi ko kanina, si Dilima. He was already acquitted. Then after that, the same offense, he was already fined. That's not allowed.
That's why in Section 21, One person is saying that he should not be prosecuted twice. If he is charged with one case, he will be caught. They are probably trying to get him to court. Sometimes our judicial system likes to get caught.
So, if you have money... you won't be able to hide. A person shouldn't be executed twice in one type of case.
If the law executes and the ordinary or the denouncing of a crime is the execution and the absorption. I'm sure that under any circumstances, this will be a hindrance to other cases. That's why it's not allowed. Remember Dilima, he was acquitted in Mandaluyo and now he's being arrested again.
What kind of judicial is that? Last! 22. No ex post pacto law or bill of attender shall be enacted. Ito shall be enacted.
What is ex post pacto law? An ex post pacto law is a law that changes the legal... status or consequences of an action after it's already been done, especially a law that makes an action illegal after it has been committed. An ex post facto law you cannot punish a person who committed a crime when the offense of his crime has not yet been written in law.
Meaning, you cannot punish him for not committing the offense. A good example here is the case of Ayahonquad. There's a case where they didn't even read what was given.
He can't be given a death sentence. Another example is the computer virus. You can't arrest him because it's forbidden. When he was caught by the authorities, no one could arrest him because of his case.
The virus. The bill of attender. Here's the bill, it's for the store.
Jill Lidis Latim. It's a long story. It's gone. Alright, CWTS, NROTC. We're out of time.
We've taken too long. Thank you for your time. Thank you for listening.
Before I end, I would like to express my appreciation to all of you who attended or listening in my lecture. And I think this is a success because... Even if it's raining, we are still able to have a lecture even if we didn't have a face-to-face. So again, thank you for listening and thank you and once again, good morning. Maraming maraming salamat sa inyong lahat.