Tonal Values in History, Nature, and Art

Introduction

• Focus on black, white, and gray tones, as explored by artists like John Singer Sargent.
• Elimination of colors to study tonal values and contrast.

Historical Context

• Leonardo da Vinci: Introduced chiaroscuro for three-dimensional effects on two-dimensional surfaces.
• Albert Munsell: Classified color by hue, tonal value, and chromatic value.
• Willem Ostwald and Johannes Itten: Developed grayscale systems.

Examples in Art

• Salomon von Ruisdael: River scene utilizing dark values to create depth.
• David Hockney (2004): Contemporary example using tonal values.

Asian Art Influence

• Chinese and Japanese Ink Drawings: Use minimal brush strokes and tonal values for expressiveness, as described by Toshihiko Isuzu.
• Zen Philosophy in Art: Elimination of color mirrors the succinctness in haiku poetry.

Techniques and Forms

• Grisaille: Technique using neutral grays to create sculptural effects on flat surfaces.
• Black and White Photography: Emphasis on texture and form, demonstrated by Edward Weston.

Nature's Example

• Winter Scenes: Emphasize form and texture through black, white, and grays.

Study and Application in Art

• Johannes Itten's Lessons: Focus on light-dark contrasts and the importance of chiaroscuro.
  • Exercises for Students: Develop sensitivity and personal expression through tonal values.
• Analysis of Famous Works: Vermeer's painting analyzed in terms of tonal values and composition.

Conclusion

• Importance of noticing both color and tonal values in art.
• Study of tonal values enhances understanding of composition and depth in artwork.