Overview
This lecture explains the standard structure of a research paper, focusing on logical arrangement, section content, and practical tips for organizing each part.
Research Paper Structure
- A research paper expands on the standard five-paragraph essay from 1301, featuring more sections and longer word counts.
- Standard essays (1301) have introduction, three subtopic paragraphs/sections, and a conclusion.
- Research papers (e.g., 1800 words) typically have 1–2 introduction paragraphs, 2–3 paragraphs per subtopic, and 1–2 conclusion paragraphs.
- Total paragraph count is usually 6–9 or more for longer research papers.
Introduction Section
- The introduction should include a hook, thesis statement, preview of subtopics, and a transition sentence.
- Hook options: story, purpose-setting question, startling statistic, joke (use sparingly), or anecdote.
- Thesis statement clearly states the main argument of the paper.
- A preview sentence lists the major subtopics covered in the paper.
- The final sentence of the introduction transitions smoothly into the discussion of subtopics.
Subtopic Sections
- Each subtopic section begins with a topic sentence that connects back to the thesis.
- Each subtopic may require multiple paragraphs in a research paper.
- Review and reinforce subtopics throughout each section for clarity.
Conclusion Section
- Begin with a review of the thesis and main subtopics.
- Revisit the hook to create a cohesive ending.
Research Paper Models
- Reviewing examples of research papers online is recommended for understanding structure and content.
- Purdue University's OWL (Online Writing Lab) is suggested as a reliable source for research paper examples.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Hook — An attention-grabbing opening element (story, question, statistic, etc.) in the introduction.
- Thesis Statement — A sentence that clearly states the main argument or claim of the paper.
- Preview of Subtopics — A sentence in the introduction listing the main points the paper will cover.
- Topic Sentence — The opening sentence of a paragraph or section, stating its main idea.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Search for and review research paper models on Purdue OWL’s website.
- Prepare an outline of your research paper following the structure discussed.